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Nonreciprocal Dissipation Engineering via Strong Coupling with a Continuum of Modes

Physical Review X 2024年第2期14卷 021002-021002页

作者： Yishu Zhou Freek Ruesink Shai Gertler Haotian Cheng Margaret Pavlovich Eric Kittlaus Andrew L. Starbuck Andrew J. Leenheer Andrew T. Pomerene Douglas C. Trotter Christina Dallo Katherine M. Musick Eduardo Garcia Robert Reyna Andrew L. Holterhoff Michael Gehl Ashok Kodigala John Bowers Matt Eichenfield Nils T. Otterstrom Anthony L. Lentine Peter Rakich Department of Applied Physics Yale University New Haven Connecticut USA Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena California USA Microsystems Engineering Science and Applications Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque New Mexico USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Santa Barbara California USA James C. Wyant College of Optical Sciences University of Arizona Tucson Arizona USA

Optical nonreciprocity plays a key role in almost every optical system, directing light flow and protecting optical components from backscattered light. Controllable forms of on-chip nonreciprocity are needed for the robust operation of increasingly sophisticated photonic integrated circuits (PICs) in the context of classical and quantum computation, networking, communications, and sensing. However, it has been challenging to achieve wideband, low-loss optical nonreciprocity on-chip. In this paper, we demonstrate strong coupling and Rabi-like energy exchange between photonic bands, possessing a continuum of modes, to unlock nonreciprocity and frequency translation over wide optical bandwidths in silicon. Using a traveling-wave phonon field to drive indirect interband photonic transitions, we demonstrate band hybridization that enables an intriguing form of nonreciprocal dissipation engineering. Using the converted mode to create a nonreciprocal dissipation channel, we demonstrate a frequency-neutral, low-loss (less than 1 dB) isolator with high nonreciprocal contrast (more than 14 dB) and broad operating bandwidth (more than 59 GHz). Additionally, through the implementation of complete interband conversion, we demonstrate a high extinction (more than 55 dB) optical frequency translation operation with near-unity efficiency.

关键词： Integrated optics Optomechanics Phonons Optical isolators Rabi model

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Realizing Linear Synaptic Plasticity in Electric Double Layer-Gated Transistors for Improved Predictive Accuracy and Efficiency in Neuromorphic Computing

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Manimaran, Nithil Harris Sutton, Cori Streamer, Jake Merkel, Cory Xu, Ke Microsystems Engineering School of Physics and Astronomy Rochester Institute of Technology RochesterNY14623 United States Multidisciplinary Study Rochester Institute of Technology RochesterNY14623 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rochester Institute of Technology RochesterNY14623 United States School of Chemistry and Material Science Rochester Institute of Technology RochesterNY14623 United States

Neuromorphic computing offers a low-power, parallel alternative to traditional von Neumann architectures by addressing the sequential data processing bottlenecks. Electric double layer-gated transistors (EDLTs) resemble biological synapses with their ionic response and offer low power operations, making them suitable for neuromorphic applications. A critical consideration for artificial neural networks (ANNs) is achieving linear and symmetric plasticity (i.e., weight updates) during training, as this directly affects accuracy and efficiency. This study uses finite element modeling to explore EDLTs as artificial synapses in ANNs and investigates the underlying mechanisms behind the nonlinear weight updates observed experimentally in previous studies. By solving modified Poisson-Nernst-Planck (mPNP) equations, we examined ion dynamics within an EDL capacitor and their effects on plasticity, revealing that the rates of EDL formation and dissipation are concentration-dependent. Fixed-magnitude pulse inputs result in decreased formation and increased dissipation rates, leading to nonlinear weight updates. For a pulse magnitude of 1 V, both 1 ms 500 Hz and 5 ms 100 Hz pulse inputs saturated at less than half of the steady state EDL concentration, limiting the number of accessible states and operating range of devices. To address this, we developed a predictive linear ionic weight update solver (LIWUS) in Python to predict voltage pulse inputs that achieve linear plasticity. We then evaluated an ANN with linear and nonlinear weight updates on the MNIST classification task. The ANN with LIWUS-provided linear weight updates required 19% fewer (i.e. 5) epochs in both training and validation than the network with nonlinear weight updates to reach optimal performance. It achieved a 97.6% recognition accuracy, 1.5 – 4.2% higher than with nonlinear updates, and a low standard deviation of 0.02%. The network model is amenable to future spiking neural network applications, and the

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AI-Toolbox: A Framework for Fundamental Reinforcement Learning 32

AI-Toolbox: A Framework for Fundamental Reinforcement Learni...

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32nd Benelux Conference on Artificial Intelligence, BNAIC 2020 and 29th Annual Belgian-Dutch Conference on Machine Learning, BeneLearn 2020

作者： Bargiacchi, Eugenio Roijers, Diederik M. Nowé, Ann Department of Computer Science Vrije Universiteit Brussel Belgium Microsystems Technology HU University of Applied Sciences Netherlands

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Coherent magnon-induced domain wall motion in a magnetic insulator channel

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Fan, Yabin Gross, Miela J. Fakhrul, Takian Finley, Joseph Hou, Justin T. Liu, Luqiao Ross, Caroline A. Department of Materials Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Microsystems Technology Laboratories Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States

Advancing the development of spin-wave devices requires high-quality low-damping magnetic materials where magnon spin currents can propagate efficiently and interact effectively with local magnetic textures. We show that magnetic domain walls (DW) can modulate spin-wave transport in perpendicularly magnetized channels of Bi-doped yttrium-iron-garnet (BiYIG). Conversely, we demonstrate that the magnon spin current can drive DW motion in the BiYIG channel device by means of magnon spin-transfer torque. The DW can be reliably moved over 15 µm distances at zero applied magnetic field by a magnon spin current excited by an RF pulse as short as 1 ns. The required energy for driving DW motion is orders of magnitude smaller than those reported for metallic systems. These results facilitate low-switching-energy magnonic devices and circuits where magnetic domains can be efficiently reconfigured by magnon spin currents flowing within magnetic channels. © 2022, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Domain walls

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Quasi-Nondestructive Read Out of Ferroelectric Capacitor Polarization by Exploiting a 2TnC Cell to Relax the Endurance Requirement

TechRxiv

引用

TechRxiv 2023年

作者： Xiao, Yi Deng, Shan Zhao, Zijian Faris, Zubair Xu, Yixin Huang, Tzu-Jung Narayanan, Vijaykrishnan Ni, Kai Microsystems Engineering Ph.D. program Rochester Institute of Technology RochesterNY14623 United States Department of Computer Science and Engineering Penn State University University ParkPA16802 United States Department of Electrical and Microelectronic Engineering Rochester Institute of Technology RochesterNY14623 United States

In this work, we propose a 2TnC ferroelectric random access memory (FeRAM) cell design to realize the quasi-nondestructive readout (QNRO) of ferroelectric polarization (PFE) in a capacitor, which can relax the endurance requirement of the ferroelectric thin film and exploits the benefits of both FeRAM and ferroelectric FET (FeFET). We demonstrate that: i) QNRO sensing of PFE is conducted successfully in experiment with a ON/OFF ratio (ION/IOFF)>103, ION>10 µA, and read endurance>106 cycles, which can relax the FeRAM endurance requirement by 106x;ii) optimization of the cell performance can be realized by tuning the metal-ferroelectric-metal capacitor (MFM) capacitor to read transistor area ratio and read transistor threshold voltage (VTH);iii) the proposed cell structure is 3D-compatible, enabling integration of highly dense memory solution;iv) the proposed cell structure also enables compute-in-memory (CIM) applications of FeRAM, which has not been widely explored. With this technology, storage and memory-centric computing can be enabled. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Cytology

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Multi-color solitons and frequency combs in microresonators

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2024年

作者： Menyuk, Curtis R. Shandilya, Pradyoth Courtright, Logan Moille, Grégory Srinivasan, Kartik Computer Science and Electrical Engineering Department University of Maryland Baltimore County BaltimoreMD21250 United States Joint Quantum Institute NIST University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division National Institute of Standards and Technology GaithersburgMD20899 United States

Multi-color solitons that are parametrically created in dual-pumped microresonators generate interleaved frequency combs that can be used to obtain combs at new frequencies and when synchronized can be used for low-noise microwave generation and potentially as an element in a chip-scale clockwork. Here, we first derive three-wave equations that describe multi-color solitons that appear in microresonators with a nearly quartic dispersion profile. These solitons are characterized by a single angular group velocity and multiple angular phase velocities. We then use these equations to explain the interleaved frequency combs that are observed at the output of the microresonator. Finally, we used these equations to describe the experimentally-observed soliton-OPO effect. In this effect, the pump frequency comb interacts nonlinearly with a signal frequency comb to create an idler frequency comb in a new frequency range, analogous to an optical parametric oscillation (OPO) process. We determine the conditions under which we expect this effect to occur. We anticipate that the three- wave equations and their extensions will be of use in designing new frequency comb systems and determining their stability and noise performance. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Solitons

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GaN Field Emitter Arrays with JA of 10 A/cm2 at VGE = 50 V for Power Applications

GaN Field Emitter Arrays with JA of 10 A/cm2 at VGE = 50 V f...

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International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM)

作者： P.-C. Shih T. Zheng M. J. Arellano-Jimenez B. Gnade A. I. Akinwande T. Palacios Microsystems Technology Laboratories Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge USA Electrical and Computer Engineering Southern Methodist University Dallas TX USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Texas at Dallas Richardson TX USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781665489607

III-Nitrides are attractive as field emission devices for high frequency, high power, and harsh environment applications. A wet-based digital etching and a novel device geometry was used to demonstrate GaN vertical self-aligned-gate (SAG) field emitter arrays (FEA) with uniform tips of sub-10 nm tip radius. The best GaN FEA has a current density $(J_{A})$ of 10 A/cm 2 at $V_{GE} =50V$, which is better than the state-of-the-art Si field emitter arrays at the same bias condition.

关键词： Geometry Silicon compounds Field emitter arrays Three-dimensional displays Planarization Metals Logic gates

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Orbital angular momentum emission from a high quality factor photonic crystal ring

Orbital angular momentum emission from a high quality factor...

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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： Xiyuan Lu Mingkang Wang Feng Zhou Mikkel Heuck Wenqi Zhu Vladimir A. Aksyuk Dirk R. Englund Kartik Srinivasan Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division NIST Gaithersburg MD USA Joint Quantum Institute University of Maryland College Park MD USA Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering Technical University of Denmark Lyngby Denmark Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA

We provide quantitative understanding of orbital angular momentum (OAM) emission for whispering gallery modes in a microring, and achieve high-Q (10 5 to 10 6 ), high ejection efficiency (up to 90 %), and highOAM num... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171258

关键词： Emission Nonlinear parametric processes Optical angular momentum Photonic crystals Scanning electron microscopy Whispering gallery modes

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Automatic Synthesis of Light Processing Functions for Programmable Photonics: Theory and Realization

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2022年

作者： Gao, Zhengqi Chen, Xiangfeng Zhang, Zhengxing Chakraborty, Uttara Bogaerts, Wim Boning, Duane S. Microsystems Technology Laboratories Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Ghent University - IMEC Department of Information Technology Gent Belgium Center of Nano- and Biophotonics Ghent University Gent Belgium

Linear light processing functions (e.g., routing, splitting, filtering) are key functions requiring configuration to implement on a programmable photonic integrated circuit (PPIC). In recirculating waveguide meshes (which include loop-backs), this is usually done manually. Some previous results describe explorations to perform this task automatically, but their efficiency or applicability is still limited. In this paper, we propose an efficient method that can automatically realize configurations for many light processing functions on a square-mesh PPIC. At its heart is an automatic differentiation subroutine built upon analytical expressions of scattering matrices, that enables gradient descent optimization for functional circuit synthesis. Similar to the state-of-the-art synthesis techniques, our method can realize configurations for a wide range of light processing functions, and multiple functions on the same PPIC simultaneously. However, we do not need to separate the functions spatially into different subdomains of the mesh, and the resulting optimum can have multiple functions using the same part of the mesh. Furthermore, compared to non-gradient or numerical differentiation based methods, our proposed approach achieves 3x time reduction in computational cost. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Mesh generation

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Heterogeneous Integration of Lithium Niobate and Silicon Photonics for Nonlinear Optics

Heterogeneous Integration of Lithium Niobate and Silicon Pho...

引用

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： Alexandra Maria Palici Xiyuan Lu Kartik Srinivasan Xinda Lu Fabien Labbe Yunhong Ding Hugo Laroque Ryan Hamerly Carlos Errando-Herranz Minhao Pu Dirk Englund Mikkel Heuck Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering Technical University of Denmark Lyngby Denmark Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division Physical Measurement Laboratory National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg Maryland USA Joint Quantum Institute NIST/University of Maryland College Park Maryland USA Research Laboratory of Electronics Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands

We demonstrate a hybrid device consisting of a thin film lithium niobate membrane transfer-printed onto a silicon nitride ring resonator. We measure quality factors in the 10 5 range at telecom wavelengths.

ISBN: (纸本)9798350369311

关键词： Q-factor Lithium niobate Wavelength measurement Multichip modules Silicon nitride Ring lasers Silicon photonics Telecommunications Optical ring resonators Nonlinear optics

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