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European Control Conference (ECC)

作者： Sérgio S. Rodrigues A. Pedro Aguiar Öaw Institute for Computational and Applied Mathematics (RICAM) Linz Austria Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Laboratory of Robotics and Systems in Engineering and Science (LARSyS) Lisbon Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9781479901890

Given a class of nonlinear systems with implicitly defined outputs, we provide a new algorithm to find appropriate local coordinates, in which the resulting system takes a desired target form that is state-affine, up to output and input injection. Once in the target form, it is possible to construct a state-space observer with linear, possibly time-varying, error dynamics.

关键词： Vectors Equations Observers Gold Geometry Nonlinear dynamical systems

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Joint ASV/AUV range-based formation control: Theory and experimental results

Joint ASV/AUV range-based formation control: Theory and expe...

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2013 IEEE International Conference on robotics and Automation, ICRA 2013

作者： Soares, Jorge M. Aguiar, A. Pedro Pascoal, Antonio M. Martinoli, Alcherio Laboratory of Robotics and Systems in Engineering and Science Instituto Superior Técnico Technical University of Lisbon Av. Rovisco Pais 1049-001 Lisbon Portugal Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Porto Rua Dr. Roberto Frias 4200-465 Porto Portugal CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9781467356411

The use of groups of autonomous marine vehicles has enormous potential in numerous marine applications, perhaps the most relevant of which is the surveying and exploration of the oceans, still widely unknown and misunderstood. In many mission scenarios requiring the concerted operation of multiple marine vehicles carrying distinct, yet complementary sensor suites, relative positioning and formation control becomes mandatory. However, the constraints placed by the medium make it hard to both communicate and localize vehicles, even in relation to each other. In this paper, we deal with the challenging problem of keeping an autonomous underwater vehicle in a moving triangular formation with respect to 2 leader vehicles. We build upon our previous theoretical work on range-only formation control, which presents simple feedback laws to drive the controlled vehicle to its intended position in the formation using only ranges obtained to the leading vehicles with no knowledge of the formation path. We then introduce the real-world constraints associated with the use of autonomous underwater vehicles, especially the low frequency characteristics of acoustic ranging and its unreliability. We discuss the required changes to implement the solution in our vehicles, and provide simulation results using a full dynamic and communication model. Finally, we present the results of real world trials using MEDUSA-class autonomous marine vehicles. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Autonomous underwater vehicles

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Darwinian Robotic Swarms for exploration with minimal communication

Darwinian Robotic Swarms for exploration with minimal commun...

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Congress on Evolutionary Computation

作者： Micael S. Couceiro Rui P. Rocha Nuno M. F. Ferreira Patricia A. Vargas Institute of Systems and Robotics University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal Department of Electrical Engineering Engineering Institute of Coimbra Robo Corporation Coimbra Portugal Robotics Laboratory School of Mathematical and Computer Science Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh UK

ISBN: (纸本)9781479904532

The Robotic Darwinian Particle Swarm Optimization (RDPSO) recently introduced in the literature has the ability to dynamically partition the whole population of robots based on simple “punish-reward” rules. Although this evolutionary algorithm enables the reduction of the amount of required information exchange among robots, a further analysis on the communication complexity of the RDPSO needs to be carried out so as to evaluate its scalability. This paper analyses the architecture of the RDPSO communication system, thus describing the dynamics of the communication data packet structure shared between teammates. Moreover, a set of simple communication rules is also proposed in order to reduce the communication overhead within swarms of robots. Experimental results with teams of 15 real robots show that the proposed methodology reduces the communication overhead, thus improving the scalability and applicability of the RDPSO algorithm.

关键词： Robot kinematics Robot sensing systems Mobile ad hoc networks Complexity theory Spread spectrum communication Force

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Underwater Target Positioning with a Single Acoustic Sensor

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 2013年第33期46卷 233-238页

作者： D. Moreno-Salinas A.M. Pascoal J. Aranda Department of Computer Science and Automatic Control National University Distance Education (UNED) Spain Laboratory of Robotics and Systems in Engineering and Science (LARSyS) Instituto Superior Tecnico (IST) University of Lisbon Portugal Adjunct Scientist National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) Goa India

The availability of reliable underwater positioning systems to localize one or more vehicles simultaneously based on information received on-board a support ship or an autonomous surface vessel is key to the operation of some classes of AUVs. Furthermore, there is considerable interest in reducing the number of sensors involved in acoustic navigation/positioning systems to reduce the costs involved and the time consumed in the deployment, callibration, and recovery phases. Motivated by these considerations, in this paper we address the problem of single underwater target positioning based on measurements of the ranges between the target and a moving sensor at the sea surface, obtained via acoustic ranging devices. In particular, and speaking in loose terms, we are interested in determining the optimal geometric trajectory of the surface sensor that will, in a well defined sense, maximize the range-related information available for underwater target positioning. To this effect, an appropriate Fisher Information Matrix is defined and its determinant is maximized to yield the sensor trajectory that maximizes the accuracy of the target position estimate that can possibly be obtained with any unbiased estimator. It is shown that the optimal trajectory depends on the relative velocity of the sensor, the sampling time between measurements, and the number of measurements acquired for the FIM computation. Simulation examples illustrate the key results derived.

关键词： Autonomous Vehicles Underwater Navigation Optimal Sensor Placement Positioning Fisher Information Matrix Cramer-Rao Bound

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Real-time navigation for a humanoid robot using particle filter

Real-time navigation for a humanoid robot using particle fil...

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2nd International Conference on Engineering and Technology Innovation 2012, ICETI 2012

作者： Baltes, Jacky Cheng, Chi Tai Lau, Meng Cheng Espínola, Andrés Autonomous Agents Lab Department of Computer Science University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB R3T 2N2 Canada Department of Electrical Engineering Tamkang University Tamsui Dist. New Taipei City 25137 Taiwan Mobile Robotics and Automated Systems Laboratory Universidad La Salle Benjamin Franklin 47 Mexico DF Mexico

ISBN: (纸本)9783037856123

This paper presents a practical real-time visual navigation system, including a vision system, a particle filter (PF) based localization system, and a path planning system, for humanoid robots in an indoor environment. A neural network (NN) converter system is used to solve the image distortion problem. The monocular vision system detects objects of interest in the scene, calculating their position in the image, and converting the position in the image to real world coordinates. The PF localization system estimates the current position by the robot's motion model and corrects the estimated position by using feedback from the data gathered by the vision system. The path planning system determines the next motion based on the result of the localization system. This paper uses a tree-like path planning method which not only guides the robot to the destination but also avoids obstacles at the same time. The navigation method allows a user to assign several different target destinations to the robot simultaneously. The proposed method is implemented on a humanoid robot "ROBOTIS DARwIn-OP", an open platform humanoid robot. The effectiveness of the system is demonstrated in an empirical evaluation. © (2013) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.

关键词： Bandpass filters

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Path planning with Multiple Rapidly-exploring Random Trees for teams of robots

Path planning with Multiple Rapidly-exploring Random Trees f...

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International Conference on Advanced robotics (ICAR)

作者： Armando Alves Neto Douglas Macharet Luiz Chaimowicz Mario Campos Telecommunication and Mechatronic Department Universidade Federal de São João Del-rei Campus Alto Paraopeba Brazil Computer Vision and Robotics Laboratory Computer Science Department Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Brazil

This paper addresses the problem of real-time planning and control of a group of aerial vehicles flying in environments with obstacles and subject to disturbances and *** present a novel methodology to the coordination of multiple vehicles based on a classical technique known as Closed Loop Rapidly-exploring Random Trees (CL-RRT). We use a distributed processing framework and communication to optimize the plans being executed by each agent of the team, providing better solutions to the execution step of the CL-RRT. This technique endows each agent with the capability to navigate through the environment while avoiding collisions with obstacles as well as with other team agents. The keypoint is a prediction scheme executed by each robot that infers the behavior of the entire team at each time step. We show the applicability of the method by planning and executing waypoint navigation tasks for a group of Micro Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (MUAVs) - modelled in SE(3) - in outdoor environments.

关键词： Robot kinematics Planning Vehicles Collision avoidance Mathematical model Vectors

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Toward a Hybrid Approach to Generate Software Product Line Portfolios

Toward a Hybrid Approach to Generate Software Product Line P...

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IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation

作者： Jonathas Cruz Pedro Santos Neto Ricardo Britto Ricardo Rabelo Werney Ayala Thiago Soares Mauricio Mota Software Engineering and Industrial Informatics (EASII) Computer Science Department (DC) Federal University of Piaui (UFPI) LABoratory of Intelligent Robotics Automation and Systems (LABIRAS) State University of Piaui (UESPI)

ISBN: (纸本)9781479904532

Software Product Line (SPL) development is a new approach to software engineering that aims at the development of a whole range of products. One of the problems which hinders the adoption of that approach is related with the management of the products of the line. Additionally, the scope of a software product line is determined by the bounds of the capabilities provided by the collection of products in the product line. This introduces new challenges related to the scope problem. One of the main three different forms of scoping is the Product Portfolio Scoping (PPS). PPS aims at defining the products that should be developed as well as their key features. While this has an impact on the actual reuse opportunities, it is usually driven from marketing aspects. Defining a product portfolio by considering costumers satisfaction and cost aspects is a NP-hard problem. This work presents a hybrid approach, which combines fuzzy inference systems and the multi-objective metaheuristics NSGA-II to support product management by generating portfolios of products, based in segments of users and the development cost of the assets of the SPL. Fuzzy inference systems are used to generate development cost of an asset by using coupling, number of code lines and cyclomatic complexity and also to estimate the quality of the products generated by the optimization module of our approach. The NSGA-II metaheuristic is used to search for products minimizing the cost and maximizing the relevance of the candidate products. The results show that the proposed approach is effective in proposing the best products in terms of relevance and cost of the assets.

关键词： Portfolios Correlation Fuzzy logic Indexes Optimization Couplings Complexity theory

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An Investigation on the Accuracy of Regional Ocean Models Through Field Trials

An Investigation on the Accuracy of Regional Ocean Models Th...

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IEEE International Conference on robotics and Automation

作者： Ryan N. Smith Kimia Nazarzadeh Jonathan Kelly Gaurav S. Sukhatme School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Queensland University of Technology Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia. Robust Robotics Group Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02142 USA. Robotic Embedded Systems Laboratory Department of Computer Science University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089 USA.

ISBN: (纸本)9781467356404

Recent efforts in mission planning for underwater vehicles have utilised predictive models to aid in navigation, optimal path planning and drive opportunistic sampling. Although these models provide information at a unprecedented resolutions and have proven to increase accuracy and effectiveness in multiple campaigns, most are deterministic in nature. Thus, predictions cannot be incorporated into probabilistic planning frameworks, nor do they provide any metric on the variance or confidence of the output variables. In this paper, we provide an initial investigation into determining the confidence of ocean model predictions based on the results of multiple field deployments of two autonomous underwater vehicles. For multiple missions of two autonomous gliders conducted over a two-month period in 2011, we compare actual vehicle executions to simulations of the same missions through the Regional Ocean Modeling System in an ocean region off the coast of southern California. This comparison provides a qualitative analysis of the current velocity predictions for areas within the selected deployment region. Ultimately, we present a spatial heat-map of the correlation between the ocean model predictions and the actual mission executions. Knowing where the model provides unreliable predictions can be incorporated into planners to increase the utility and application of the deterministic estimations.

关键词： Regional Ocean Models Through Field Trials mission planning underwater vehicles

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Joint ASV/AUV range-based formation control: Theory and experimental results

Joint ASV/AUV range-based formation control: Theory and expe...

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IEEE International Conference on robotics and Automation (ICRA)

作者： Jorge M. Soares A. Pedro Aguiar António M. Pascoal Alcherio Martinoli Laboratory of Robotics and Systems in Engineering and Science Instituto SuperiorTécnico Technical University of Lisbon Lisboa Portugal Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Porto Porto Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9781467356404

关键词： Vehicles Vehicle dynamics Acoustics Underwater vehicles Robots Distance measurement

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Human-robotic collaborative intelligent control for reaching performance

Human-robotic collaborative intelligent control for reaching...

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7th International Conference on Foundations of Augmented Cognition, AC 2013, Held as Part of 15th International Conference on Human-computer Interaction, HCI International 2013

作者： Gentili, Rodolphe J. Oh, Hyuk Shuggi, Isabelle M. Goodman, Ronald N. Rietschel, Jeremy C. Hatfield, Bradley D. Reggia, James A. Department of Kinesiology Cognitive Motor Neuroscience Laboratory University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 United States Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 United States Maryland Robotics Center University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 United States Institute for Systems Research University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 United States Veterans Health Administration Maryland Exercise and Robotics Center of Excellence Baltimore MD 21201 United States Department of Computer Science University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 United States Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783642394539

In most human-robot interfaces, the user completely controls the robot that operates as a passive tool without adaptation capabilities. However, a synergetic human-robot interface where both agents collaborate could improve the user's performance while reducing the cognitive and physical workload. Specifically, when considering this framework applied to rehabilitation, we examined a shared collaborative control between a human user and an adaptive biologically inspired neurocontroller in order to perform reaching movements with a simulated prosthetic arm. When this neurocontroller was enabled, it progressively learned from the user to control the prosthetic arm, increasing its role in the shared performance and facilitating the user's reaching movements. This resulted in the user's performance enhancement and in a reduction of his/her cognitive workload. The long term goal of this work is to contribute to the development of the next generation of intelligent human-robotic interfaces for rehabilitation. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

关键词： Adaptive control systems

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