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13th IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, CEC 2024

作者： He, Chengwei Hong, Huaping Ma, Lijia Zhu, Qingling Bai, Yuan College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China Shenzhen University National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data System Computing Technology Shenzhen518060 China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350308365

In recent years, the global repercussions of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants have posed significant challenges to various areas, including the economic order, transportation, healthcare, and education, and the mitigation and prevention of SARS-CoV-2 and other infectious diseases have received much attention. This paper tries to develop a rational and effective intervention strategy in response to the dynamic evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic. To address this issue, we first use the SEIR model to analyze the population distribution under the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, and then integrate a deep Q-neural network (DQN) to reflect an economic quantification model contextualized within the SARS-CoV-2 scenario. Next, we propose an evolutionary deep reinforcement learning to generate an optimal and adaptive intervention strategy, by optimizing the weight sequence of the DQN. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method in maximizing economic benefits, while ensuring the uninterrupted functionality of medical institutions. Importantly, the learned intervention strategy exhibits the applicability to other infectious diseases. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Deep reinforcement learning

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A Theoretical Analysis of Backdoor Poisoning Attacks in Convolutional Neural Networks 41

A Theoretical Analysis of Backdoor Poisoning Attacks in Conv...

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41st International Conference on Machine Learning, ICML 2024

作者： Li, Boqi Liu, Weiwei School of Computer Science National Engineering Research Center for Multimedia Software Institute of Artificial Intelligence Hubei Key Laboratory of Multimedia and Network Communication Engineering Wuhan University Wuhan China

The rising threat of backdoor poisoning attacks (BPAs) on Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) has become a significant concern in recent years. In such attacks, the adversaries strategically target a specific class and generate a poisoned training set. The neural network (NN), well-trained on the poisoned training set, is able to predict any input with the trigger pattern as the targeted label, while maintaining accurate outputs for clean inputs. However, why the BPAs work remains less explored. To fill this gap, we employ a dirty-label attack and conduct a detailed analysis of BPAs in a two-layer convolutional neural network. We provide theoretical insights and results on the effectiveness of BPAs. Our experimental results on two real-world datasets validate our theoretical findings. Copyright 2024 by the author(s)

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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EMARec: a sequential recommendation with exponential moving average

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Neural Computing and Applications 2024年第21期36卷 12917-12933页

作者： Chen, Rui Wang, Zonglin Tang, Cundong Zhang, Jianwei Li, Pu Kong, Xiangjie Huang, Min College of Software Engineering Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou450001 China Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Computer Animation Implementation Technologies Zhengzhou450001 China School of Information Science and Technology Northwest University Xi’an710127 China Faculty of Information and Engineering Xuchang Vocational Technical College Xuchang461000 China College of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou310023 China

Capturing dynamic preference features from user historical behavioral data is widely applied to improve the accuracy of recommendations in sequential recommendation tasks. However, existing deep neural network-based sequential recommendation methods often ignore the noise information in user behavioral data that influence recommendation effectiveness, making recommendation models sensitive to noisy data. Additionally, these deep learning-based recommendation models often require a large number of parameters to capture user behavior patterns, leading to higher time complexity and susceptibility to overfitting due to noise fluctuations. To address these issues, in this paper, we apply the moving average concept from the field of time-series analysis to sequential recommendation tasks. The approach smooths sequence data, removes noise, making the data more stable and reliable, increases the model’s insensitivity to noise information, and better understands the evolution of user interests and behavioral patterns. Specifically, in our experiments, the moving average algorithm effectively denoises sequential data with low time complexity. Therefore, we propose a Sequential Recommendation with Exponential Moving Average with MLP architecture that makes the model more competitive in terms of time complexity. Experimental results conducted on two datasets demonstrate that EMARec outperforms state-of-the-art sequential recommendation methods across various common evaluation metrics. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Recommender systems

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Opinion Spam Detection with Attention-Based LSTM Networks 20th

Opinion Spam Detection with Attention-Based LSTM Networks

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20th International Conference on Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing, CICLing 2019

作者： Sedighi, Zeinab Ebrahimpour-Komleh, Hossein Bagheri, Ayoub Kosseim, Leila Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Concordia University Montreal Canada Department of Computer Engineering University of Kashan Kashan Iran Department of Methodology and Statistics Utrecht University Utrecht Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9783031243394

Today, online reviews have a great influence on consumers’ purchasing decisions. As a result, spam attacks, consisting of the malicious inclusion of fake online reviews, can be detrimental to both customers as well as organizations. Several methods have been proposed to automatically detect fake opinions;however, the majority of these methods focus on feature learning techniques based on a large number of handcrafted features. Deep learning and attention mechanisms have recently been shown to improve the performance of many classification tasks as they enable the model to focus on the most the important features. This paper describes our approach to apply LSTM and attention-based mechanisms for detecting deceptive reviews. Experiments with the Three-domain data set [15] show that a BiLSTM model coupled with Multi-Headed Self Attention improves the F-measure from 81.49% to 87.59% in detecting fake reviews. © 2023, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Long short-term memory

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Performance Comparison of Deep and Machine Learning Approaches Toward COVID-19 Detection

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第8期37卷 2247-2261页

作者： Amani Yahyaoui Jawad Rasheed Shtwai Alsubai Raed M.Shubair Abdullah Alqahtani Buket Isler Rana Zeeshan Haider Department of Software Engineering Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim UniversityIstanbul34303Turkey Department of Software Engineering Nisantasi UniversityIstanbul34398Turkey Department of Computer Science College of Computer Engineering and SciencesPrince Sattam bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl-Kharj11942Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering New York University(NYU)Abu Dhabi129188United Arab Emirates College of Computer Engineering and Sciences Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl-Kharj11942Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Engineering Istanbul Topkapi UniversityIstanbul34087Turkey Baqai Institute of Hematology Baqai Medical UniversityKarachi75340Pakistan

The coronavirus(COVID-19)is a disease declared a global pan-demic that threatens the whole *** then,research has accelerated and varied to find practical solutions for the early detection and correct identification of this *** researchers have focused on using the potential of Artificial Intelligence(AI)techniques in disease diagnosis to diagnose and detect the *** paper developed deep learning(DL)and machine learning(ML)-based models using laboratory findings to diagnose *** different methods are used in this study:K-nearest neighbor(KNN),Decision Tree(DT)and Naive Bayes(NB)as a machine learning method,and Deep Neural Network(DNN),Convolutional Neural Network(CNN),and Long-term memory(LSTM)as DL *** approaches are evaluated using a dataset obtained from the Israelita Albert Einstein Hospital in Sao Paulo,*** data consists of 5644 laboratory results from different patients,with 10%being Covid-19 positive *** dataset includes 18 attributes that characterize *** used accuracy,f1-score,recall and precision to evaluate the different developed *** obtained results confirmed these approaches’effectiveness in identifying COVID-19,However,ML-based classifiers couldn’t perform up to the standards achieved by DL-based *** all,NB performed worst by hardly achieving accuracy above 76%,Whereas KNN and DT compete by securing 84.56%and 85%accuracies,*** these,DL models attained better performance as CNN,DNN and LSTM secured more than 90%*** LTSM outperformed all by achieving an accuracy of 96.78%and an F1-score of 96.58%.

关键词： Artificial intelligence COVID-19 deep learning diagnosis machine learning

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A novel transformer-based graph generation model for vectorized road design

A novel transformer-based graph generation model for vectori...

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作者： Zhou, Peichi Li, Chen Zhang, Jian Wang, Changbo Qin, Hong Liu, Long School of Software Engineering East China Normal University Shanghai China School of Computer Science and Technology East China Normal University Shanghai China Department of Computer Science StonyBrook University Stony BrookNY United States

Road network design, as an important part of landscape modeling, shows a great significance in automatic driving, video game development, and disaster simulation. To date, this task remains labor-intensive, tedious and time-consuming. Many improved techniques have been proposed during the last two decades. Nevertheless, most of the state-of-the-art methods still encounter problems of intuitiveness, usefulness and/or interactivity. As a rapid deviation from the conventional road design, this paper advocates an improved road modeling framework for automatic and interactive road production driven by geographical maps (including elevation, water, vegetation maps). Our method integrates the capability of flexible image generation models with powerful transformer architecture to afford a vectorized road network. We firstly construct a dataset that includes road graphs, density map and their corresponding geographical maps. Secondly, we develop a density map generation network based on image translation model with an attention mechanism to predict a road density map. The usage of density map facilitates faster convergence and better performance, which also serves as the input for road graph generation. Thirdly, we employ the transformer architecture to evolve density maps to road graphs. Our comprehensive experimental results have verified the efficiency, robustness and applicability of our newly-proposed framework for road design. © 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

关键词： Roads and streets

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An Efficient Character-Level Adversarial Attack Inspired by Textual Variations in Online Social Media Platforms

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computer Systems science & engineering 2023年第12期47卷 2869-2894页

作者： Jebran Khan Kashif Ahmad Kyung-Ah Sohn Department of Artificial Intelligence Ajou UniversitySuwonKorea Department of Computer Science Munster Technological UniversityCorkIreland Department of Software and Computer Engineering Ajou UniversitySuwonKorea

In recent years,the growing popularity of social media platforms has led to several interesting natural language processing(NLP)***,these social media-based NLP applications are subject to different types of adversarial attacks due to the vulnerabilities of machine learning(ML)and NLP *** work presents a new low-level adversarial attack recipe inspired by textual variations in online social media *** variations are generated to convey the message using out-of-vocabulary words based on visual and phonetic similarities of characters and words in the shortest possible *** intuition of the proposed scheme is to generate adversarial examples influenced by human cognition in text generation on social media platforms while preserving human robustness in text understanding with the fewest possible *** intentional textual variations introduced by users in online communication motivate us to replicate such trends in attacking text to see the effects of such widely used textual variations on the deep learning *** this work,the four most commonly used textual variations are chosen to generate adversarial ***,this article introduced a word importance ranking-based beam search algorithm as a searching method for the best possible perturbation *** effectiveness of the proposed adversarial attacks has been demonstrated on four benchmark datasets in an extensive experimental setup.

关键词： Adversarial attack text classification social media character-level attack phonetic similarity visual similarity word importance rank beam search

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Pedestrian Physical Education Training Over Visualization Tool

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computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第11期73卷 2389-2405页

作者： Tamara al Shloul Israr Akhter Suliman A.Alsuhibany Yazeed Yasin Ghadi Ahmad Jalal Jeongmin Park Department of Humanities and Social Science Al Ain UniversityAl Ain15551UAE Department of Computer Science Air UniversityIslamabad44000Pakistan Department of Computer Science College of ComputerQassim UniversityBuraydah51452Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Al Ain UniversityAl Ain15551UAE Department of Computer Engineering Korea Polytechnic UniversitySiheung-siGyeonggi-do237Korea

E-learning approaches are one of the most important learning platforms for the learner through electronic *** study techniques are useful for other groups of learners such as the crowd,pedestrian,sports,transports,communication,emergency services,management systems and education sectors.E-learning is still a challenging domain for researchers and developers to find new trends and advanced tools and *** of them are currently working on this domain to fulfill the requirements of industry and the *** this paper,we proposed a method for pedestrian behavior mining of aerial data,using deep flow feature,graph mining technique,and convocational neural *** input data,the state-of-the-art crowd activity University of Minnesota(UMN)dataset is adopted,which contains the aerial indoor and outdoor view of the pedestrian,for simplification of extra information and computational cost reduction the pre-processing is *** flow features are extracted to find more accurate ***,to deal with repetition in features data and features mining the graph mining algorithm is applied,while Convolution Neural Network(CNN)is applied for pedestrian behavior *** proposed method shows 84.50%of mean accuracy and a 15.50%of error ***,the achieved results show more accuracy as compared to state-ofthe-art classification algorithms such as decision tree,artificial neural network(ANN).

关键词： Artificial intelligence behavior mining convolution neural network(CNN) deep flow e-learning environment

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LLMeLog: An Approach for Anomaly Detection based on LLM-enriched Log Events 35

LLMeLog: An Approach for Anomaly Detection based on LLM-enri...

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35th IEEE International Symposium on software Reliability engineering, ISSRE 2024

作者： He, Minghua Jia, Tong Duan, Chiming Cai, Huaqian Li, Ying Huang, Gang Peking University School of Software and Microelectronics Beijing China Peking University Institute for Artificial Intelligence Beijing China Peking University School of Computer Science Beijing China Peking University National Engineering Research Center for Software Engineering Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353884

Log-based anomaly detection is an essential task in maintaining software reliability. Existing log-based anomaly detection approaches often consist of three key phases: log parsing, event embedding, and model construction. Event embedding efficiently extracts semantic information from log events and produces vector representations of log events. However, existing event embedding methods suffer from two key problems. First, semantic noises are buried in log events leading to inevitable gaps between the obtained semantics from log events and their essential meanings. Second, there exists a gap between general semantic embedding and the specific embedding requirement of anomaly detection tasks. To mitigate these problems and improve the quality of representations of log events, we propose a novel anomaly detection approach named LLMeLog. It leverages the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) to enrich the contents of log events with in-context learning techniques. Then it utilizes the enriched log events to fine-Tune a pre-Trained BERT model. At last, it trains a transformer-based anomaly detection model with the event representations produced by the pre-Trained BERT model. Evaluation results on three public log datasets show that LLMeLog achieves the best performance across all datasets, boasting F1-scores exceeding 99%. Besides, when using only 10% of labeled data as training data, our approach can still achieve over 90% F1-scores. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Semantics

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Exploring the Potential of Llama Models in Automated Code Refinement: A Replication Study

Exploring the Potential of Llama Models in Automated Code Re...

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IEEE International Conference on software Analysis, Evolution and Reengineering (SANER)

作者： Genevieve Caumartin Qiaolin Qin Sharon Chatragadda Janmitsinh Panjrolia Heng Li Diego Elias Costa Dept of Computer Science and Software Engineering Concordia University Montreal Canada Dept of Computer Engineering and Software Engineering Polytechnique Montreal Montreal Canada

ISBN: (数字)9798331535100

ISBN: (纸本)9798331535117

Code reviews are an integral part of software development and have been recognized as a crucial practice for minimizing bugs and favouring higher code quality. They serve as an important checkpoint before committing code and play an essential role in knowledge transfer between developers. However, code reviews can be time-consuming and can stale the development of large software projects. In a recent study, Guo et al. assessed how ChatGPT3.5 can help the code review process. They evaluated the effectiveness of ChatGPT in automating the code refinement tasks, where developers recommend small changes in the submitted code. While Guo et al.'s study showed promising results, proprietary models like ChatGPT pose risks to data privacy and incur extra costs for software projects. In this study, we explore alternatives to ChatGPT in code refinement tasks by including two open-source, smaller-scale large language models: CodeLlama and Llama 2 (7B parameters). Our results show that, if properly tuned, the Llama models, particularly CodeLlama, can achieve reasonable performance, often comparable to ChatGPT in auto-mated code refinement. However, not all code refinement tasks are equally successful: tasks that require changing existing code (e.g., refactoring) are more manageable for models to automate than tasks that demand new code. Our study highlights the potential of open-source models for code refinement, offering cost-effective, privacy-conscious solutions for real-world software development.

关键词： Temperature measurement Data privacy Codes Reviews Large language models Documentation Chatbots software Data models software development management

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