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Comparative analysis of text mining and clustering techniques for assessing functional dependency between manual test cases

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software Quality Journal 2025年第2期33卷 1-36页

作者： Tahvili, Sahar Hatvani, Leo Felderer, Michael de Oliveira Neto, Francisco Gomes Afzal, Wasif Feldt, Robert Compute Platforms Engineering Unit Ericsson AB Stockholm Sweden Department of Industrial AI Systems Mälardalen University Västerås Sweden Institute of Software Technology German Aerospace Center Cologne Germany Department of Mathematics and Computer Science University of Cologne Cologne Germany Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden Department of Computer Science and Engineering Blekinge Institute of Technology Karlskrona Sweden Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden

Text mining techniques, particularly those leveraging machine learning for natural language processing, have gained significant attention for qualitative data analysis in software testing. However, their complexity and lack of transparency can pose challenges, especially in safety-critical domains where simpler, interpretable solutions are often preferred unless accuracy is heavily compromised. This study investigates the trade-offs between complexity, effort, accuracy, and utility in text mining and clustering techniques, focusing on their application for detecting functional dependencies among manual integration test cases in safety-critical systems. Using empirical data from an industrial testing project at ALSTOM Sweden, we evaluate various string distance methods, NCD compressors, and machine learning approaches. The results highlight the impact of preprocessing techniques, such as tokenization, and intrinsic factors, such as text length, on algorithm performance. Findings demonstrate how text mining and clustering can be optimized for safety-critical contexts, offering actionable insights for researchers and practitioners aiming to balance simplicity and effectiveness in their testing workflows. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Clustering Natural language processing software testing Text mining

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MFT: Modal Fusion Transformer for Cross-Modal Fusion in 3D Object Detection

MFT: Modal Fusion Transformer for Cross-Modal Fusion in 3D O...

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2025 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2025

作者： Cai, Haojie Yin, Dongfu Yu, Fei Xiong, Siting Shenzhen University Shenzhen China College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China Shenzhen University Shenzhen China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368741

Increasing attention has been garnered by LiDAR points and multi-view images fusion based on Transformer for supplementing another modality in 3D object detection. However, challenges persist for cross-modal fusion methods due to the heterogeneity of these two modalities, leading to issues such as inaccurate detection results encountered by Transformer-based methods. In this work, a one-way mid-level fusion based framework for 3D object detection named Modal Fusion Transformer (MFT) using LiDAR points and multi-view images is introduced. It comprises a Depth-Guided Generation(DGG) module, Position Encoding Generation (PEG) module and Cross Modal Fusion(CMF) module. Specifically, depth information from point cloud is utilized for both gathering the image depth map and initializing object queries in DGG. PEG unifies the form of position encoding from LiDAR features and multi-view image features. Depth and position information of object from images is aggregated to point clouds by CMF, which fully explores dual-modal information. Furthermore, a Modal Fusion Network with deformable attention named fast-MFT is introduced to reduce the relatively large computational cost associated with global attention. Our MFT and fast-MFT achieve competitive performance while maintaining a faster inference speed than other models. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： 3D Object Detection Autonomous Driving Cross-Modal Transformer Positional Embedding Speed comparison

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BiEfficient: Bidirectionally Prompting Vision-Language Models for Parameter-Efficient Video Recognition 17th

BiEfficient: Bidirectionally Prompting Vision-Language Model...

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17th Asian Conference on computer Vision, ACCV 2024

作者： He, Haichen Liu, Weibin Xing, Weiwei School of Computer Science and Technology Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing China School of Software Engineering Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819609079

Vision-language models (VLMs) pre-trained on large-scale image-text pairs have shown great success in various image tasks. However, how to efficiently transfer such powerful VLMs into video domain is still an open problem. Given that full finetuning VLMs for video tasks could be computationally expensive, recent studies turn their focus on parameter-efficient finetuning (PEFT). The great potential of VLMs lies in leveraging the bidirectional semantic connections between the two modalities of vision and language. Nevertheless, most current PEFT methods use the vision-only framework and usually ignore the semantic connections between vision and language. In this paper, we propose a novel method called BiEfficient, which use bidirectional prompting schemes to efficiently transfer the VLM to video recognition task with a small number of tunable parameters: 1) Vision-to-Language: we propose two prompt mechanisms, Pre-Prompt and Post-Prompt, which act before and after the text encoder respectively to generate discriminative video-level text representation for each input video. 2) Language-to-Vision: we propose Word-Guided Visual-Prompt, which enhances the temporal modeling of videos using textual knowledge in an almost parameter-free manner. Experiments on Kinetics-400, UCF-101, HMDB-51 demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve comparable or even better performance to the full finetuning methods with much fewer tunable parameters across closed-set and zero-shot video recognition benchmarks. Code is available here: https://***/WbLiuBJTULab/BiEfficient. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Semantics

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MedVQA-APL: enhancing medical visual question answering with assistance prompt learning

MedVQA-APL: enhancing medical visual question answering with...

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2024 International Conference on Physics, Photonics, and Optical engineering, ICPPOE 2024

作者： Dai, Linling Lin, Zhi Computer Science and Technology South China Normal University Canton China Software Engineering South China Normal University Canton China

ISBN: (数字)9781510689121

ISBN: (纸本)9781510689114

In order to assist physicians in reducing repetitious chores and lightening their workload, Medical Visual Question Answering (Med-VQA) intends to streamline the process of extracting accurate responses from medical images and related queries. Existing medical visual question answering models are frequently pre-trained on extensive medical datasets before being fine-tuned on smaller, task-specific datasets. Despite the increased parameterization associated with these models, the enhancement in performance is often marginal. We present Medical Visual Question Answering with Assistance Prompt Learning (MedVQA-APL) in this study. It uses an encoder that is rather simple and still has strong performance. Our method starts with the creation of an assistance prompt generator module whose purpose is to generate an assistance prompt that is limited by the intended response. Next, we introduce an assistance prompt fusion module incorporated within a multi-modal fusion block. This module leverages the assistance prompt to derive clinically relevant features. In order to forecast the final answers, the integrated information is finally merged with image-language cross-modal information. Two publicly accessible Med-VQA datasets were used for experimental assessments, which show that MedVQA-APL outperforms the conventional model and produces performance improvements of 2.85% and 5.54% on VQA-RAD and Path-VQA, respectively. © 2025 SPIE.

关键词： Question answering

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Fair and Communication-Efficient Personalized Federated Learning 18th

Fair and Communication-Efficient Personalized Federated Lea...

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18th International Conference on Wireless Artificial Intelligent Computing Systems and Applications, WASA 2024

作者： Zheng, Yifu Zheng, Xu Wang, Tingqi Mu, Chong Zhakiyev, Nurkhat School of Computer Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China School of Information and Software Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China Department of Science and Innovation Astana IT University Astana Kazakhstan

ISBN: (纸本)9783031714665

Personalized Federated Learning (pFL) is among the most popular tasks in distributed deep learning, which compensates for mutual knowledge and enables device-specific model personalization. However, the effectiveness of pFL is severely impeded by challenges on fairness and significant communication overhead, where devices holding essential samples have to devote extensive resources for model training. To address these issues, we introduce the Fair and Communication-Efficient Personalized Federated Learning (FCE-PFL) framework, which harmonizes performance and device fairness while maintaining communication costs. Based on the Dempster-Shafer Theory, FCE-PFL employs assistance and contribution metrics to quantify the auxiliary information a client receives and provides. Then FCE-PFL balances and adjusts the involvement of devices in each training iteration, so as to facilitate fair training by constraining the maximum resource consumption per device and reduce the overall communication overhead. Our framework has been proven to be superior to existing methods in accuracy through rigorous experiments on the CIFAR10 and CIFAR100 datasets, demonstrating its potential as a fair and efficient pFL solution. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Federated learning

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Lightweight and Roubust Key Agreement for Securing IIoT-Driven Flexible Manufacturing Systems

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第11期12卷 17197-17209页

作者： Hammad, Muhammad Badshah, Akhtar Almeer, Mohammed A. Waqas, Muhammad Song, Houbing Chen, Sheng Han, Zhu GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Topi23640 Pakistan University of Malakand Department of Software Engineering Dir Lower18800 Pakistan University of Bahrain Computer Engineering Department College of Information Technology 32038 Bahrain University of Greenwich Faculty of Engineering and Science Centre for Sustainable Cybersecurity United Kingdom Edith Cowan University School of Engineering PerthWA6027 Australia Department of Information Systems BaltimoreMD United States University of Southampton School of Electronics and Computer Science SouthamptonSO17 1BJ United Kingdom University of Houston Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering HoustonTX77004 United States Kyung Hee University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Seoul446-701 Korea Republic of

The ever-evolving Internet of Things (IoT) has ushered in a new era of intelligent manufacturing across multiple industries. However, the security and privacy of real-time data transmitted over the public channel of the industrial IoT (IIoT) remain formidable challenges. Existing lightweight protocols often omit one or more critical security features, such as anonymity and untraceability, and are susceptible to threats like desynchronization attacks. Additionally, they struggle to achieve an optimal balance between robust security and performance efficiency. To bridge these gaps, we introduce a new lightweight key agreement security scheme that guarantees secure access to the IIoT-enabled flexible manufacturing system (FMS). The strength of our scheme lies in its utilization of the authenticated encryption with associative data (AEAD) primitive, AEGIS, along with hash functions and physical unclonable functions, which secure the IIoT ecosystem. Additionally, our scheme offers flexibility in the form of the addition of new machines, password updates, and revocation in cases of theft or loss. A comprehensive security analysis demonstrates the efficacy of the proposed scheme in thwarting various attacks. The formal analysis, based on the Real-Or-Random (RoR) model, ensures session key indistinguishability, while the informal analysis highlights its resilience against known attacks. The comparative assessment demonstrate that the proposed scheme consistently outperforms the benchmark schemes across multiple dimensions, including security and functionality features, computational and communication overheads, and runtime efficiency. Specifically, the proposed scheme achieves peak performance enhancements of 77.55%, 44.73%, and 69.6% in computational overhead, runtime overhead, and communication overhead, respectively, underscoring its substantial performance advantages. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Flexible manufacturing systems

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PathActMarker:an R package for inferring pathway activity of complex diseases

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Frontiers of computer science 2025年第3期19卷 123-124页

作者： Xingyi LI Jun HAO Zhelin ZHAO Junming LI Xingyu LIAO Min LI Xuequn SHANG School of Computer Science Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China Research&Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen Shenzhen 518063China School of Software Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China Hunan Provincial Key Lab on Bioinformatics School of Computer Science and EngineeringCentral South UniversityChangsha 410083China

1 Introduction The process of complex diseases is closely linked to the disruption of key biological pathways,it is crucial to identify the dysfunctional pathways and quantify the degree of dysregulation at the indivi... 详细信息

关键词： pathway activity dysregulation complex diseases biological pathways disruption key biological pathwaysit identify dysfunctional pathways

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The Impact of Blockchain Technology for Evaluation of Electronic Medical Certification

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SN computer science 2025年第5期6卷 1-14页

作者： Azam Zia, M. Anwar, Munazza Mehmood, Faisal Razzaq, Abdul Asif, Muhammad Department of Computer Science University of Agriculture Faisalabad Punjab Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan Department of Civil and Transportation Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China Computer Science Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture Punjab Multan 59300 Pakistan Department of Computer and Software Engineering Information Technology University (ITU) Punjab Lahore Pakistan

Evaluation of Electronic Medical Certification (EMC) is integral to today's healthcare systems since they are a consolidated database of individual patients' medical histories. Security measures and privacy issues are standard in electronic medical certification. Incompatible systems make sharing data across healthcare providers difficult, which may lead to data breaches and a lack of patient authority over their medical data. Blockchain has become essential for real-world corporate applications where confidentiality of information is paramount. The handling of security in medical records through a decentralized peer-to-peer network might be revolutionized by blockchain technology and improving the protection of the interchange of healthcare records. This study proposes a lightweight flask framework-based blockchain strategy to store and display patient status and transaction log information about their disease diagnosis. In a potential Blockchain system, the diseased patients act as assets, and their records contain any prior illnesses as blocks. The report analyzes a lot of national and international EHR standards. It identifies which of these interoperability needs to be addressed, discusses the interoperability challenges in but also outlines the standards. Current blockchain-based EHR frameworks. Without the suggested has the requirement for centralized systems. By using this framework, the healthcare industry can be provided safer ways to while also providing the exchange of health information. It offers features of immutability, security, and user control over stored records. This work contributes to an understanding of what potential Blockchain technology has offered an interoperable application in the EHR frameworks. Meet the blockchain-based EHR framework. Multiple national and international EHR standards. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Blockchain Cryptography Decentralized Electronic medical certification (EMC) Transaction

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Air Pollutant (CO) Forecasting: A Hybrid Approach Using Gooseneck Barnacle Optimization and Artificial Neural Networks 4

Air Pollutant (CO) Forecasting: A Hybrid Approach Using Goos...

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4th IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Cybersecurity, ICAIC 2025

作者： Ahmed, Marzia Mohamad, Ahmad Johari Hassan, Md Maruf Bhuiyan, Touhid Department of Software Engineering Dhaka Bangladesh Faculty of Electrical & Electronics Engineering Technology Malaysia Southeast University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Dhaka Bangladesh School of IT VA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798331518882

Air quality forecasting is critical for environmental monitoring and public health, and in this study, we propose a hybrid approach utilizing Gooseneck Barnacle Optimization (GBO) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to enhance predictive accuracy. The air quality dataset, comprising pollutant concentrations (CO, NOx, benzene) and meteorological factors (temperature, humidity), is sourced from the UCI Machine Learning Repository. GBO is employed to fine-tune the ANN's hyperparameters (especially the weight and bias), as well as the number of layers, neurons, and activation functions, to improve regression-based forecasting. The GBOANN model achieves a Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 0.562 and a Root Mean Squared Percentage Error (RMSPE) of 5.63%, outperforming other metaheuristic methods like BMO, SSA, DA, MVO, and EMA. This study demonstrates the GBO-ANN model's potential for accurate real-time air quality forecasting, offering a robust, sustainable solution. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Air Quality GBO Metaheuristic Neural Network Time series forecasting

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Understanding and Identifying Technical Debt in the Co-Evolution of Production and Test Code

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IEEE Transactions on software engineering 2025年第5期51卷 1415-1436页

作者： Guo, Yimeng Chen, Zhifei Xiao, Lu Chen, Lin Li, Yanhui Zhou, Yuming Nanjing University State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing210023 China Nanjing University of Science and Technology School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing210094 China Stevens Institute of Technology Department of Systems and Enterprises Charles V. Schaefer Jr. School of Engineering and Science HobokenNJ07030 United States

The co-evolution of production and test code (PT co-evolution) has received increasing attention in recent years. However, we found that existing work did not comprehensively study various PT co-evolution scenarios, such as the qualification and persistence of their effects on software. Inspired by technical debt (TD), we refer to TD generated during the co-evolution between production and test code as PT co-evolution technical debt (PTCoTD). To better understand PT co-evolution, we first conducted an exploratory study on its characteristics on 15 open-source projects, finding unbalanced PT co-evolution prevalent and summarizing five potential PT flaws. Then we proposed an approach to identify and quantify PTCoTDs of these flaw patterns, considering evolutionary and structural relationships. We also built prediction models to describe cost trajectories and rank all PTCoTDs to prioritize expensive ones. The evaluation on the 15 projects shows that our approach can identify PTCoTDs that deserve attention. The identified PTCoTDs account for about half of the project's total maintenance costs, and the cost proportion of the expensive Top-5 is 1.8x more than the file proportion they contain. Almost all covered maintenance costs persist as PTCoTD in the future, with an average increase of 6.8% between the last two releases. Our approach also accurately predicts the costs of PTCoTD with an average prediction deviation of only 8.3%. Our study provides valuable insights into PT co-evolution scenarios and their effects, which can guide practices and inspire future work on software testing and maintenance. © 1976-2012 IEEE.

关键词： software testing

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