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22nd IEEE International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing with Applications, ISPA 2024

作者： Zhang, Kaixin Hu, Shihong Qu, Zhihao Ye, Baoliu Hohai University School of Computer Science and Software Engineering China Nanjing University National Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology China

ISBN: (纸本)9798331509712

In the domain of Vehicular Edge Computing (VEC), this paper addresses the complex problem of Service Function Chain (SFC) placement, which is crucial for the efficient deployment of cloud applications in vehicular environments. Our approach leverages Virtual Network Function (VNF) technology, transitioning network services from traditional hardware to more flexible, container-based edge computing frameworks. The primary objective is to organize these VNFs into functional SFCs, thereby minimizing service delays in VEC systems. SFC placement faces two significant challenges. The first is the sequential dependency among VNFs within an SFC, which adds substantial complexity to container deployment. The second challenge is the cold start delay of VNF containers, a critical issue in scenarios requiring swift response times, which negatively impacts service quality in VEC applications. To address these challenges, we propose a comprehensive model for SFC placement that considers the deployment status of VNF containers, acknowledging the complexity of this NP-hard problem. The core of our contribution is the development of the Single SFC Placement Algorithm (SSPA), a sophisticated, greedy-based approach designed for the effective placement of individual SFCs. We enhance this algorithm by incorporating a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique, making it capable of efficiently handling the placement of multiple SFCs. Our solution aims to improve edge resource utilization and mitigate startup delays associated with the initial activation of containers, thereby reducing service delays. Extensive experimental evaluations demonstrate that our algorithm achieves a 34.3% average reduction in service delay compared to four baselines and a 5.8% average reduction compared to other container-aware algorithms. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： service function chain SFC placement vehicle edge computing virtual network function

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Impact of Feature Encoding on Malware Classification Explainability 15

Impact of Feature Encoding on Malware Classification Explain...

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15th International Conference on Electronics, computers and Artificial Intelligence, ECAI 2023

作者： Manai, Elyes Mejri, Mohamed Fattahi, Jaouhar Laval University Department of Computer Science & Software Engineering Quebec Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9798350321388

This paper investigates the impact of feature encoding techniques on the explainability of XAI (Explainable Artificial Intelligence) algorithms. Using a malware classification dataset, we trained an XGBoost model and compared the performance of two feature encoding methods: Label Encoding (LE) and One Hot Encoding (OHE). Our findings reveal a marginal performance loss when using OHE instead of LE. However, the more detailed explanations provided by OHE compensated for this loss. We observed that OHE enables deeper exploration of details in both global and local contexts, facilitating more comprehensive answers. Additionally, we observed that using OHE resulted in smaller explanation files and reduced analysis time for human analysts. These findings emphasize the significance of considering feature encoding techniques in XAI research and suggest potential for further exploration by incorporating additional encoding methods and innovative visualization approaches. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Signal encoding

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Anomaly Detection in Dynamic Graphs Via Long Short-Term Temporal Attention Network

Anomaly Detection in Dynamic Graphs Via Long Short-Term Temp...

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2023 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics, ICMLC 2023

作者： Gao, Zu-Kang Ma, Le-Ming Li, Mei-Ting Zhao, Gen Li, Mark Jun-Jie College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350303780

Anomaly detection in dynamic graphs has drawn increasing attention in social networks, e-commerce, and cybersecurity etc. Capturing the evolution patterns using temporal features is crucial for dynamic graphs anomaly detection. However, existing approaches do not thoroughly consider the long-term and short-term temporal features, which lead to the loss of information about the evolution patterns of dynamic graphs. In this paper, we propose a end-to-end an anomaly detection algorithm in dynamic graphs via Long Short-term Temporal Attention network (GraphLSTA). GraphLSTA captures the evolution patterns of dynamic graphs by effectively extracting and fusing the long-term and short-term temporal features through a recurrent attention mechanism, improving the detection performance. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Anomaly detection

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LLMaaS: Serving Large-Language Models on Trusted Serverless Computing Platforms

IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence

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IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2025年第2期6卷 405-415页

作者： Cai, Zinuo Ma, Rongbo Fu, Yicheng Zhang, Weishan Ma, Ruhui Guan, Haibing Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering Shanghai200240 China Qingdao Institute of Software College of Computer Science and Technology Qingdao266555 China

In recent years, the emergence of large-language models (LLMs) has profoundly transformed our production and lifestyle. These models have shown tremendous potential in fields, such as natural language processing, speech recognition, and recommendation systems, and are increasingly playing crucial roles in applications such as human-computer interaction and intelligent customer service. Efficient inference solutions for LLMs in data centers have been extensively researched, with a focus on meeting users' quality of service requirements. In this article, we focus on two additional requirements that responsible LLM inference should meet under QoS conditions: security throughout the model execution process and low maintenance requirements for the inference system. Therefore, we propose LLMaaS, a trusted model inference platform based on a serverless computing platform aimed at providing inference as a service for LLMs. First, we design a trusted serverless computing platform based on software guard extension (SGX), which includes distributed identity verification and SGX device plugins to ensure the security and trustworthiness of the inference process. Additionally, to reduce the maintenance requirements of the system, we enhance the SGX-based deep learning computing framework, including replacing PyTorch and using a greedy algorithm for graph partitioning. We conduct tests on four typical large models, and the experimental results demonstrate that, with minimal overhead and user code modifications, we can ensure the security of model execution. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Quality of service

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An Efficient and Fast Area Optimization Approach for Mixed Polarity Reed-Muller Logic Circuits

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2024年第5期33卷 1165-1180页

作者： Yuhao ZHOU Zhenxue HE Jianhui JIANG Xiaojun ZHAO Fan ZHANG Limin XIAO Xiang WANG School of Software Engineering Tongji University Key Laboratory of Agricultural Big Data of Hebei Province Hebei Agricultural University School of Computer Science and Engineering Beihang University School of Electronic and Information Engineering Beihang University

Area has become one of the main bottlenecks restricting the development of integrated circuits. The area optimization approaches of existing XNOR/OR-based mixed polarity Reed-Muller(MPRM) circuits have poor optimization effect and efficiency. Given that the area optimization of MPRM logic circuits is a combinatorial optimization problem, we propose a whole annealing adaptive bacterial foraging algorithm(WAA-BFA), which includes individual evolution based on Markov chain and Metropolis acceptance criteria, and individual mutation based on adaptive probability. To address the issue of low conversion efficiency in existing polarity conversion approaches, we introduce a fast polarity conversion algorithm(FPCA). Moreover, we present an MPRM circuits area optimization approach that uses the FPCA and WAA-BFA to search for the best polarity corresponding to the minimum circuits area. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed MPRM circuits area optimization approach is effective and can be used as a promising EDA tool.

关键词： Integrated circuits Microorganisms Annealing Logic circuits Circuits Benchmark testing Delays

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Defocus blur detection using novel local directional mean patterns(LDMP)and segmentation via KNN matting

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Frontiers of computer science 2022年第2期16卷 110-122页

作者： Awais KHAN Aun IRTAZA Ali JAVED Tahira NAZIR Hafiz MALIK Khalid Mahmood MALIK Muhammad Ammar KHAN Department of Computer Science University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxila 47050Pakistan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of MichiganDearbornMI 48128USA Department of Software Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxila 47050Pakistan Department of Computer Science and Engineering Oakland UniversityMI 48309USA

Detection and segmentation of defocus blur is a challenging task in digital imaging applications as the blurry images comprise of blur and sharp regions that wrap significant information and require effective methods for information *** defocus blur detection and segmentation methods have several limitations i.e.,discriminating sharp smooth and blurred smooth regions,low recognition rate in noisy images,and high computational cost without having any prior knowledge of images i.e.,blur degree and camera ***,there exists a dire need to develop an effective method for defocus blur detection,and segmentation robust to the above-mentioned *** paper presents a novel features descriptor local directional mean patterns(LDMP)for defocus blur detection and employ KNN matting over the detected LDMP-Trimap for the robust segmentation of sharp and blur *** argue/hypothesize that most of the image fields located in blurry regions have significantly less specific local patterns than those in the sharp regions,therefore,proposed LDMP features descriptor should reliably detect the defocus blurred *** fusion of LDMP features with KNN matting provides superior performance in terms of obtaining high-quality segmented regions in the ***,the proposed LDMP features descriptor is robust to noise and successfully detects defocus blur in high-dense noisy *** results on Shi and Zhao datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in terms of defocus blur *** and comparative analysis signify that our method achieves superior segmentation performance and low computational cost of 15 seconds.

关键词： defocus blur detection local directional mean patterns image matting sharpness metrics blur segmentation

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Exploring Sleep Paralysis Phenomenon Through Machine Learning: An Analytical Study

Exploring Sleep Paralysis Phenomenon Through Machine Learnin...

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2024 International Conference on engineering and Computing, ICECT 2024

作者： Ishaq, Samra Rehman, Attique Ur Ali, Tahir Muhammad Javaid, Sabeen Mir, Azka University of Sialkot Department of Software Engineering Sialkot Pakistan Gulf University for Science and Technology Department of Computer Science Kuwait

ISBN: (纸本)9798350349719

Sleep paralysis is when you're awake but powerless to move. Although the majority of occurrences are linked to extreme terror and some potentially clinically significant sufferings are connected with the case;little is known about it. The present state of research on the connection between sleep paralysis and overall sleep will be examined in this study. Several studies have linked an increased risk of sleep paralysis to low-quality sleep. This could occur in between sleeping and waking. The issue is tackled in the context of sleep paralysis prediction using machine learning. There are multiple attributes in the dataset (label Data). Every exam has a unique set of characteristics and expected results. We carried out an accuracy test of posture recognition by the system to evaluate its validity. Predicting sleep paralysis has been done using machine learning techniques. A comparison of sleeping positions with the findings indicated a correlation between paralysis and poor quality of sleep. Poor sleep quality is correlated with sleep paralysis. In the provided dataset, the Random Forest model predicts sleep paralysis with the highest accuracy 92.3%, K-nearest neighbors' classifier has an accuracy rate of 91.0% 91.9%, and 90.4% using Decision Tree and naïve Bayes. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Forecasting

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Enhancing Brain Stroke Risk Prediction with Multi-Algorithm Evaluation and Web Interface

Enhancing Brain Stroke Risk Prediction with Multi-Algorithm ...

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2024 International Conference on engineering and Computing, ICECT 2024

作者： Ahmed, Muhammad Liaquat, Umer Rehman, Attique Ur Javaid, Sabeen Ali, Tahir Muhammad Mir, Azka University of Sialkot Department of Software Engineering Sialkot Pakistan Gulf University for Science and Technology Department of Computer Science Kuwait

ISBN: (纸本)9798350349719

Brain stroke is the world's leading cause of death, impacting numerous lives annually. The chances of having a stroke have increased by 50% over one's lifetime, impacting one in four people worldwide. Machine learning may assist in the prior detection of strokes, allowing for more timely diagnosis which can save a person's life and disability. However, existing methods face challenges in integrating ML models with clinical applications to predict patient stroke status with optimal accuracy. This study conducts a comprehensive investigation into brain stroke risk prediction using numerous ML algorithms, including Random Forest, Logistic Regression, KNN, Naive Bayes, XGBoost, and LightGBM. Our main contribution is the development of a web app that predicts stroke based on user inputs with optimal accuracy. The selected dataset contains 5110 records of normal people and 249 records of people having strokes which is highly imbalanced. To ensure model robustness, the dataset undergoes balancing through SMOTE oversampling and KNN Imputation for handling missing values. Custom thresholds for classifiers optimize training, with comprehensive evaluations utilizing key statistics such as confusion matrices, F1-Score, recall, accuracy, and precision. Cross-validation is employed to assess potential overfitting and underfitting risks in machine learning models. Random Forest ranked as the most imposing, reaching a remarkable 99.85% accuracy on the test set with a custom threshold of 0.6 and a random state at 42. Additionally, a user-friendly Web App has been developed to predict stroke status based on user input, enhancing practical usability and accessibility for individuals seeking risk assessments. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Forecasting

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MVDC: A Multi-view Dental Completion Model Based on Contrastive Learning

MVDC: A Multi-view Dental Completion Model Based on Contrast...

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2025 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2025

作者： Yang, Xunyu Deng, Qingxin Huang, Minghan Jiang, Landu Zhang, Dian College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University Guangdong China Guangdong China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368741

Restoring the patient's occlusal function of broken teeth is a challenging task since tooth texture is very complex, a slight deviation may affect the patient's chewing function and temporomandibular joint function. Therefore, how to efficiently repair the complete shape and real surface of the crown is a critical problem. Traditional technologies are hard to restore complete shape of the dental crown or lack inlay surface details, due to dataset limitations and complexity of missing parts. In this paper, we propose a multi-view crown restoration framework MVDC based on contrastive learning. Specifically, MVDC contains: 1) a multi-view generator with a specially designed loss measurement by using contrastive learning;2) a multi-scale discriminator mechanism able to consider relation and consistency between teeth from different scales;3) an occlusal groove extraction network to extract the occlusal details. We conducted extensive experiments on existing public datasets. The results showcase the superior performance of MVDC. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Contrastive learning Multi-view Teeth completion

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Fortifying Healthcare Data Security in the Cloud:A Comprehensive Examination of the EPM-KEA Encryption Protocol

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第5期79卷 3397-3416页

作者： Umi Salma Basha Shashi Kant Gupta Wedad Alawad SeongKi Kim Salil Bharany Computer Science and Information Technology Jazan UniversityJazanSaudi Arabia CSE Eudoxia Research UniversityNew CastleUSA Department of Information Technology College of Computer ScienceQassim UniversityBuraydahSaudi Arabia National Center of Excellence in Software Sangmyung UniversitySeoulKorea Department of Computer Science and Engineering Lovely Professional UniversityPhagwaraPunjabIndia

A new era of data access and management has begun with the use of cloud computing in the healthcare *** the efficiency and scalability that the cloud provides, the security of private patient data is still a majorconcern. Encryption, network security, and adherence to data protection laws are key to ensuring the confidentialityand integrity of healthcare data in the cloud. The computational overhead of encryption technologies could leadto delays in data access and processing rates. To address these challenges, we introduced the Enhanced ParallelMulti-Key Encryption Algorithm (EPM-KEA), aiming to bolster healthcare data security and facilitate the securestorage of critical patient records in the cloud. The data was gathered from two categories Authorization forHospital Admission (AIH) and Authorization for High Complexity *** use Z-score normalization forpreprocessing. The primary goal of implementing encryption techniques is to secure and store massive amountsof data on the cloud. It is feasible that cloud storage alternatives for protecting healthcare data will become morewidely available if security issues can be successfully fixed. As a result of our analysis using specific parametersincluding Execution time (42%), Encryption time (45%), Decryption time (40%), Security level (97%), and Energyconsumption (53%), the system demonstrated favorable performance when compared to the traditional *** suggests that by addressing these security concerns, there is the potential for broader accessibility to cloudstorage solutions for safeguarding healthcare data.

关键词： Cloud computing healthcare data security enhanced parallel multi-key encryption algorithm(EPM-KEA)

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