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An Intelligent Privacy Protection Scheme for Efficient Edge Computation Offloading in IoV

Chinese Journal of Electronics 2024年第4期33卷 910-919页

作者： Liang YAO Xiaolong XU Wanchun DOU Muhammad Bilal School of Software Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University Department of Computer and Electronics Systems Engineering Hankuk University of Foreign Studies

As a pivotal enabler of intelligent transportation system(ITS), Internet of vehicles(Io V) has aroused extensive attention from academia and industry. The exponential growth of computation-intensive, latency-sensitive,and privacy-aware vehicular applications in Io V result in the transformation from cloud computing to edge computing,which enables tasks to be offloaded to edge nodes(ENs) closer to vehicles for efficient execution. In ITS environment,however, due to dynamic and stochastic computation offloading requests, it is challenging to efficiently orchestrate offloading decisions for application requirements. How to accomplish complex computation offloading of vehicles while ensuring data privacy remains challenging. In this paper, we propose an intelligent computation offloading with privacy protection scheme, named COPP. In particular, an Advanced Encryption Standard-based encryption method is utilized to implement privacy protection. Furthermore, an online offloading scheme is proposed to find optimal offloading policies. Finally, experimental results demonstrate that COPP significantly outperforms benchmark schemes in the performance of both delay and energy consumption.

关键词： Industries Privacy Energy consumption Transportation Computational efficiency Encryption Protection

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Clustered Reinforcement Learning

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Frontiers of computer science 2025年第4期19卷 43-57页

作者： Xiao MA Shen-Yi ZHAO Zhao-Heng YIN Wu-Jun LI National Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Department of Computer Science and TechnologyNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94720-1770USA

Exploration strategy design is a challenging problem in reinforcement learning(RL),especially when the environment contains a large state space or sparse *** exploration,the agent tries to discover unexplored(novel)areas or high reward(quality)*** existing methods perform exploration by only utilizing the novelty of *** novelty and quality in the neighboring area of the current state have not been well utilized to simultaneously guide the agent’s *** address this problem,this paper proposes a novel RL framework,called clustered reinforcement learning(CRL),for efficient exploration in *** adopts clustering to divide the collected states into several clusters,based on which a bonus reward reflecting both novelty and quality in the neighboring area(cluster)of the current state is given to the *** leverages these bonus rewards to guide the agent to perform efficient ***,CRL can be combined with existing exploration strategies to improve their performance,as the bonus rewards employed by these existing exploration strategies solely capture the novelty of *** on four continuous control tasks and six hard-exploration Atari-2600 games show that our method can outperform other state-of-the-art methods to achieve the best performance.

关键词： deep reinforcement learning exploration count-based method clustering K-means

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Falcon Optimization Algorithm-Based Energy Efficient Communication Protocol for Cluster-Based Vehicular Networks

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第3期78卷 4243-4262页

作者： Youseef Alotaibi B.Rajasekar R.Jayalakshmi Surendran Rajendran Department of Software Engineering College of ComputingUmm Al-Qura UniversityMakkah21955Saudi Arabia Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Sathyabama Institute of Science and TechnologyChennai600119India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Panimalar Engineering CollegeChennai600123India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Saveetha School of EngineeringSaveetha Institute of Medical and Technical ScienceChennai602105India

Rapid development in Information Technology(IT)has allowed several novel application regions like large outdoor vehicular networks for Vehicle-to-Vehicle(V2V)*** networks give a safe and more effective driving experience by presenting time-sensitive and location-aware *** communication occurs directly between V2V and Base Station(BS)units such as the Road Side Unit(RSU),named as a Vehicle to Infrastructure(V2I).However,the frequent topology alterations in VANETs generate several problems with data transmission as the vehicle velocity differs with ***,the scheme of an effectual routing protocol for reliable and stable communications is *** research demonstrates that clustering is an intelligent method for effectual routing in a mobile ***,this article presents a Falcon Optimization Algorithm-based Energy Efficient Communication Protocol for Cluster-based Routing(FOA-EECPCR)technique in *** FOA-EECPCR technique intends to group the vehicles and determine the shortest route in the *** accomplish this,the FOA-EECPCR technique initially clusters the vehicles using FOA with fitness functions comprising energy,distance,and trust *** the routing process,the Sparrow Search Algorithm(SSA)is derived with a fitness function that encompasses two variables,namely,energy and distance.A series of experiments have been conducted to exhibit the enhanced performance of the FOA-EECPCR *** experimental outcomes demonstrate the enhanced performance of the FOA-EECPCR approach over other current methods.

关键词： Vehicular networks communication protocol clustering falcon optimization algorithm routing

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Application of Physical Unclonable Function for Lightweight Authentication in Internet of Things

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computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第4期75卷 1901-1918页

作者： Ahmad O.Aseeri Sajjad Hussain Chauhdary Mohammed Saeed Alkatheiri Mohammed A.Alqarni Yu Zhuang Department of Computer Science College of Computer Engineering and SciencesPrince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl-Kharj11942Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence College of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of JeddahJeddahSaudi Arabia Department of Cybersecurity College of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of JeddahJeddahSaudi Arabia Department of Software Engineering College of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of JeddahJeddahSaudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Texas Tech UniversityLubbockUSA

IoT devices rely on authentication mechanisms to render secure message *** data transmission,scalability,data integrity,and processing time have been considered challenging aspects for a system constituted by IoT *** application of physical unclonable functions(PUFs)ensures secure data transmission among the internet of things(IoT)devices in a simplified network with an efficient time-stamped *** paper proposes a secure,lightweight,cost-efficient reinforcement machine learning framework(SLCR-MLF)to achieve decentralization and security,thus enabling scalability,data integrity,and optimized processing time in IoT *** has been integrated into SLCR-MLF to improve the security of the cluster head node in the IoT platform during transmission by providing the authentication service for device-to-device *** IoT network gathers information of interest from multiple cluster members selected by the proposed *** addition,the software-defined secured(SDS)technique is integrated with SLCR-MLF to improve data integrity and optimize processing time in the IoT *** analysis shows that the proposed framework outperforms conventional methods regarding the network’s lifetime,energy,secured data retrieval rate,and performance *** enabling the proposed framework,number of residual nodes is reduced to 16%,energy consumption is reduced by up to 50%,almost 30%improvement in data retrieval rate,and network lifetime is improved by up to 1000 msec.

关键词： Cyber-physical systems security data aggregation Internet of Things physical unclonable function swarm intelligences

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Redundant Transmission Control Algorithm for Information-Centric Vehicular IoT Networks

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computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第8期76卷 2217-2234页

作者： Abdur Rashid Sangi Satish Anamalamudi Mohammed SAlkatheiri Murali Krishna Enduri Anil Carie Mohammed AAlqarni Department of Computer Science College of Science and TechnologyWenzhou-Kean UniversityWenzhou325060China Department of Computer Science Engineering SRM University APAmaravati522502India Department of Cybersecurity College of Computer Science&EngineeringUniversity of JeddahJeddahSaudi Arabia Department of Software Engineering College of Computer Science&EngineeringUniversity of JeddahJeddahSaudi Arabia

Vehicular Adhoc Networks(VANETs)enable vehicles to act as mobile nodes that can fetch,share,and disseminate information about vehicle safety,emergency events,warning messages,and passenger ***,the continuous dissemination of information fromvehicles and their one-hop neighbor nodes,Road Side Units(RSUs),and VANET infrastructures can lead to performance degradation of VANETs in the existing hostcentric IP-based ***,Information Centric Networks(ICN)are being explored as an alternative architecture for vehicular communication to achieve robust content distribution in highly mobile,dynamic,and errorprone *** ICN-based Vehicular-IoT networks,consumer mobility is implicitly supported,but producer mobility may result in redundant data transmission and caching inefficiency at intermediate vehicular *** paper proposes an efficient redundant transmission control algorithm based on network coding to reduce data redundancy and accelerate the efficiency of information *** proposed protocol,called Network Cording Multiple Solutions Scheduling(NCMSS),is receiver-driven collaborative scheduling between requesters and information sources that uses a global parameter expectation deadline to effectively manage the transmission of encoded data packets and control the selection of information *** results for the proposed NCMSS protocol is demonstrated to analyze the performance of ICN-vehicular-IoT networks in terms of caching,data retrieval delay,and end-to-end application *** end-to-end throughput in proposed NCMSS is 22%higher(for 1024 byte data)than existing solutions whereas delay in NCMSS is reduced by 5%in comparison with existing solutions.

关键词： Caching data dissemination redundancy control ICN-vehicular IoT networks

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Segmentation of Head and Neck Tumors Using Dual PET/CT Imaging:Comparative Analysis of 2D,2.5D,and 3D Approaches Using UNet Transformer

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computer Modeling in engineering & sciences 2024年第12期141卷 2351-2373页

作者： Mohammed A.Mahdi Shahanawaj Ahamad Sawsan A.Saad Alaa Dafhalla Alawi Alqushaibi Rizwan Qureshi Information and Computer Science Department College of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Ha’ilHa’il55476Saudi Arabia Software Engineering Department College of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Ha’ilHa’il55476Saudi Arabia Computer Engineering Department College of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Ha’ilHa’il55476Saudi Arabia Department of Computer and Information Sciences Universiti Teknologi PetronasSeri Iskandar32610Malaysia Center for Research in Computer Vision(CRCV) University of Central FloridaOrlandoFL 32816USA

The segmentation of head and neck(H&N)tumors in dual Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomogra-phy(PET/CT)imaging is a critical task in medical imaging,providing essential information for diagnosis,treatment planning,and outcome *** by the need for more accurate and robust segmentation methods,this study addresses key research gaps in the application of deep learning techniques to multimodal medical ***,it investigates the limitations of existing 2D and 3D models in capturing complex tumor structures and proposes an innovative 2.5D UNet Transformer model as a *** primary research questions guiding this study are:(1)How can the integration of convolutional neural networks(CNNs)and transformer networks enhance segmentation accuracy in dual PET/CT imaging?(2)What are the comparative advantages of 2D,2.5D,and 3D model configurations in this context?To answer these questions,we aimed to develop and evaluate advanced deep-learning models that leverage the strengths of both CNNs and *** proposed methodology involved a comprehensive preprocessing pipeline,including normalization,contrast enhancement,and resampling,followed by segmentation using 2D,2.5D,and 3D UNet Transformer *** models were trained and tested on three diverse datasets:HeckTor2022,AutoPET2023,and *** was assessed using metrics such as Dice Similarity Coefficient,Jaccard Index,Average Surface Distance(ASD),and Relative Absolute Volume Difference(RAVD).The findings demonstrate that the 2.5D UNet Transformer model consistently outperformed the 2D and 3D models across most metrics,achieving the highest Dice and Jaccard values,indicating superior segmentation *** instance,on the HeckTor2022 dataset,the 2.5D model achieved a Dice score of 81.777 and a Jaccard index of 0.705,surpassing other model *** 3D model showed strong boundary delineation performance but exhibited variability across datasets,while the

关键词： PET/CT imaging tumor segmentation weighted fusion transformer multi-modal imaging deep learning neural networks clinical oncology

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A Common Declarative Language for UML State Machine Representation, Model Transformation, and Interoperability of Visualization Tools 1st

A Common Declarative Language for UML State Machine Represe...

引用

1st International Symposium on software Fault Prevention, Verification, and Validation, SFPVV 2024

作者： Jannatpour, Ali Constantinides, Constantinos Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Concordia University Montreal Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9789819616206

Originally presented in previous work to capture the set of fundamental elements of the UML state machine specification, Common Declarative Language (CDL) provides a model that can aid in the validation and verification of requirements. In this paper we target two objectives: First, we extend CDL by addressing one of the advanced concepts of the UML state machine specification, namely the notion of orthogonality which allows complex machine behavior through parallel state configurations. Second, we complement previous work by focusing on how CDL can serve as a platform for the representation of a state machine, how the language can be deployed for a model transformation where the initial machine (containing composite and/or orthogonal states) can be flattened into a model whose formal definition we provide, and finally how the CDL can be deployed to support interoperability among text-to-UML drawing tools [11]. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Specification languages

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Adaptive Data Forwarding Scheme for Diverse Infotainment Services in Vehicular Named Data Networking

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IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 2024年第5期74卷 8012-8022页

作者： Khan, Sajjad Ahmad Lim, Huhnkuk Chaudhry, Shehzad Ashraf Kocaeli University Software Engineering Department Izmit41000 Turkey Hoseo University Computer Engineering Department Korea Republic of Abu Dhabi University Department of Computer Science and Information Technology Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Department of Software Engineering Faculty of Engineering & Architecture Nisantasi University Istanbul Turkey

Providing diverse infotainment services is crucial for enhancing road safety and improving the overall driving experience in vehicular networks. However, delivering these services within Vehicular Named Data Networking (VNDN) environments presents significant challenges, primarily due to the data broadcast phenomenon and the varying Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of different applications. This paper introduces an adaptive data forwarding scheme designed to effectively manage these challenges and optimize the delivery of infotainment services in VNDN. Our proposed scheme enhances the data packet format by incorporating additional attributes that prioritize data based on its criticality, specifically categorizing it into critical, non-critical, and entertainment data. Furthermore, we introduce an Enhanced Weighted Fair Queuing (EWFQ) policy to optimize the scheduling of data packets according to their importance. Two innovative data forwarding schemes, namely Advanced Push-based Data Forwarding (APDF) and Enhanced Pull-based Data Forwarding (EPDF), are developed to address the needs of critical and non-critical information and entertainment data, respectively. Simulation results demonstrate that our adaptive data forwarding scheme significantly outperforms legacy fragment schemes in delivering infotainment data within dynamic VNDN environments, ensuring reliability and efficiency. This paper contributes to advancing data dissemination strategies in vehicular networks and lays the groundwork for future research in adaptive QoS management. © 1967-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Entertainment industry Quality of service Adaptive systems Delays Data dissemination Vehicle dynamics Scalability Road safety Real-time systems Vehicles

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Generative artificial intelligence for distributed learning to enhance smart grid communication

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International Journal of Intelligent Networks 2024年第1期5卷 267-274页

作者： Sajjadi Mohammadabadi, Seyed Mahmoud Entezami, Mahmoudreza Karimi Moghaddam, Aidin Orangian, Mansour Nejadshamsi, Shayan University of Nevada Computer Science and Engineering Department RenoNV United States Concordia University Computer Science and Software Engineering Department MontrealQC Canada University of Zanjan Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Zanjan Iran Islamic Azad University South Tehran Branch Department of Engineering Tehran Iran MontrealQC Canada

Machine learning models are the backbone of smart grid optimization, but their effectiveness hinges on access to vast amounts of training data. However, smart grids face critical communication bottlenecks due to the ever-increasing volume of data from distributed sensors. This paper introduces a novel approach leveraging Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI), specifically a type of pre-trained Foundation Model (FM) architecture suitable for time series data due to its efficiency and privacy-preserving properties. These GenAI models are distributed to agents, or data holders, empowering them to fine-tune the foundation model with their local datasets. By fine-tuning the foundation model, the updated model can produce synthetic data that mirrors real-world grid conditions. The server aggregates fine-tuned model from all agents and then generates synthetic data which considers all data collected in the grid. This synthetic data can be used to train global machine learning models for specific tasks like anomaly detection and energy optimization. Then, the trained task models are distributed to agents in the grid to leverage them. The paper highlights the advantages of GenAI for smart grid communication, including reduced communication burden, enhanced privacy through anonymized data transmission, and improved efficiency and scalability. By enabling a distributed and intelligent communication architecture, GenAI introduces a novel way for a more secure, efficient, and sustainable energy future. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： Smart power grids

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Design of a ML-based trust prediction model using intelligent TrustBoxes in challenged networks

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International Journal of Systems, Control and Communications 2024年第3期15卷 209-234页

作者： Barai, Smritikona Kundu, Anindita Bhaumik, Parama Department of Computer Science and Engineering Heritage Institute of Technology Kolkata India Department of Software Systems School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Tamil Nadu India Department of Information Technology Jadavpur University Kolkata India

Challenged networks (CNs) contain resource-constrained nodes deployed in regions where human intervention is difficult. Opportunistic networks (OppNets) are CNs with no predefined source-to-destination paths. Due to their inherent properties, CNs and OppNets are highly susceptible to black-hole (BH) attacks, resulting in degraded packet-delivery ratio. In this work, an ML-based trust prediction model (MLTPM) is proposed to identify potential BH nodes in OppNets. MLTPM uses a novel function to calculate the total-trust-value (TTV) of each node. Intelligent TrustBoxes are introduced in the network to identify possible BH nodes, using TTV, along with five more node-behaviour features. TrustBoxes reduce the computational overhead of the resource-constrained nodes. Three simulated scenarios are compared - no detection, non-ML-based detection, and MLTPM, each using epidemic, prophet, and spray-and-wait routing protocols. MLTPM performs best with spray-and-wait, exhibiting about 25.21% and 80% mean improvement in delivery-ratio and dropped-message numbers respectively, compared to non-ML-based detection. An overall 12.62% improvement in delivery-ratio and 26.7% improvement in dropped messages is observed using MLTPM, compared to the above-mentioned scenarios. © 2024 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

关键词： HTTP

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