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A Combine CNN-RNN Based Approach for Augmenting the Performance of Speech Emotions Recognition

Traitement du Signal 2025年第2期42卷 647-662页

作者： Sayed, Nasir Husnain, Ghassan Shoaib, Muhammad Ghadi, Yazeed Yasin Alajmi, Masoud Qahmash, Ayman Department of Computer Science CECOS University of IT and Emerging Science Peshawar25000 Pakistan Department of Computer Science Islamia College Peshawar Peshawar25100 Pakistan Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Al Ain University Al Ain64141 United Arab Emirates Department of Computer Engineering College of Computers and Information Technology Taif University Taif21944 Saudi Arabia Department of Informatics and Computer Systems King Khalid University Abha61421 Saudi Arabia

Due to the advancement of neural networks and the increasing demand for accurate and real-time Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) in human-computer interactions, it is necessary to compare existing methods and databases in SER in order to arrive at feasible solutions and a complete understanding of this open-ended problem in SER. To detect and recognize the emotions expressed in speech, various techniques have been used in the literature, including well-established speech analysis and classification techniques. These techniques, including speech analysis and classification, have been used to extract emotions from signals. In this study, we propose a novel method for analyzing signals called Wavelet-Scaled Spectrogram which combines the frequency and scale spectrum of a signal using wavelet transform. This method is effective in analyzing signals at different scales and frequency content. In order to train models for speech emotion identification, a large number of handcrafted features and intermediary depictions i.e., frequency-time plot that have traditionally been utilized in data compilation, collection, and analysis. The development of end-to-end models which extract characteristics and learn directly from raw speech signals to improve speech recognition has recently been studied by researchers following the emergence of deep learning. After training and evaluation on the famous speech databases EmoDB, RAVDESS and IEMOCAP, the proposed model is evaluated on various speakers in both speaker-independent and speaker-dependent modes and on a variety of different voices. When advanced preprocessing techniques or data augmentation are omitted from the proposed architecture, the results demonstrate that it can produce products comparable to those produced by the current state of the art. Three concurrent CNN pipelines and a series of modified local features learning blocks (LFLBs) achieved the highest classification accuracy outperforming some advance state-of-the-approa

关键词： Recurrent neural networks

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Advancing Sentiment Analysis for Low-Resource Languages Using Fine-Tuned LLMs: A Case Study of Customer Reviews in Turkish Language

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 77382-77394页

作者： Kiziltepe, Rukiye Savran Ezin, Ercan Yentur, Omer Basbrain, Arwa Karakus, Murat Ankara University Department of Software Engineering Ankara Turkey Harran University Department of Computer Engineering Şanliurfa Turkey Kron Technology Software Solutions-Data Security & Data Management İstanbul Turkey Department of Computer Science King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia

This study investigates the application of advanced fine-tuned Large Language Models (LLMs) for Turkish Sentiment Analysis (SA), focusing on e-commerce product reviews. Our research utilizes four open-source Turkish SA datasets: Turkish Sentiment Analysis version 1 (TRSAv1), Vitamins and Supplements Customer Review (VSCR), Turkish Sentiment Analysis Dataset (TSAD), and TR Customer Review (TRCR). While these datasets were initially labeled based on star ratings, we implemented a comprehensive relabeling process using state-of-the-art LLMs to enhance data quality. To ensure reliable annotations, we first conducted a comparative analysis of different LLMs using the Cohen's Kappa agreement metric, which led to the selection of ChatGPT-4o-mini as the best-performing model for dataset annotation. Our methodology then focuses on evaluating the SA capabilities of leading instruction-tuned LLMs through a comparative analysis of zero-shot models and Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) fine-tuned LlaMA-3.2-1B-IT and Gemma- 2-2B-IT models. Evaluations were conducted on both in-domain and out-domain test sets derived from the original star-ratings-based labels and the newly generated GPT labels. The results demonstrate that our finetuned models outperformed leading commercial LLMs by 6% in both in-domain and out-domain evaluations. Notably, models fine-tuned on GPT-generated labels achieved superior performance, with in-domain and outdomain F1-scores reaching 0.912 and 0.9184, respectively. These findings underscore the transformative potential of combining LLM relabeling with LoRA fine-tuning for optimizing SA, demonstrating robust performance across diverse datasets and domains. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Emotion Recognition

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Ethical Aspects of ChatGPT in software engineering Research

IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence

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IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2025年第2期6卷 254-267页

作者： Akbar, Muhammad Azeem Khan, Arif Ali Liang, Peng Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology Software Engineering Department Lappeenranta15210 Finland University of Oulu M3S Empirical Software Engineering Research Unit Oulu90014 Finland Wuhan University School of Computer Science Wuhan430072 China

ChatGPT can improve software engineering (SE) research practices by offering efficient, accessible information analysis, and synthesis based on natural language interactions. However, ChatGPT could bring ethical challenges, encompassing plagiarism, privacy, data security, and the risk of generating biased or potentially detrimental data. This research aims to fill the given gap by elaborating on the key elements: motivators, demotivators, and ethical principles of using ChatGPT in SE research. To achieve this objective, we conducted a literature survey, identified the mentioned elements, and presented their relationships by developing a taxonomy. Furthermore, the identified literature-based elements (motivators, demotivators, and ethical principles) were empirically evaluated by conducting a comprehensive questionnaire-based survey involving SE researchers. In addition, we employed an interpretive structure modeling approach to analyze the relationships between the ethical principles of using ChatGPT in SE research and develop a level-based decision model. We further conducted a cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to classification analysis to create a cluster-based decision model. These models aim to help SE researchers devise effective strategies for ethically integrating ChatGPT into SE research by following the identified principles by adopting the motivators and addressing the demotivators. The findings of this study will establish a benchmark for incorporating ChatGPT services in SE research with an emphasis on ethical considerations. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： software engineering

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Weakly Supervised Intracranial Hemorrhage Segmentation with YOLO and an Uncertainty Rectified Segment Anything Model 4th

Weakly Supervised Intracranial Hemorrhage Segmentation with...

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4th International Workshop on Imaging and Treatment Challenges, SWITCH 2024, and 6th International Challenge on Ischemic Stroke Lesion Segmentation Challenge, ISLES 2024, Held in Conjunction with Medical Image Computing and computer Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2024

作者： Spiegler, Pascal Rasoulian, Amirhossein Xiao, Yiming Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Concordia University Montreal Canada NeuroRx Research Montreal Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9783031811005

Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a life-threatening condition that requires rapid and accurate diagnosis to improve treatment outcomes and patient survival rates. Recent advancements in supervised deep learning have greatly improved the analysis of medical images, but often rely on extensive datasets with high-quality annotations, which are costly, time-consuming, and require medical expertise to prepare. To mitigate the need for large amounts of expert-prepared segmentation data, we have developed a novel weakly supervised ICH segmentation method that utilizes the YOLO object detection model and an uncertainty-rectified Segment Anything Model (SAM). In addition, we have proposed a novel point prompt generator for this model to further improve segmentation results with YOLO-predicted bounding box prompts. Our approach achieved a high accuracy of 0.933 and an AUC of 0.796 in ICH detection, along with a mean Dice score of 0.629 for ICH segmentation, outperforming existing weakly supervised and popular supervised (UNet and Swin-UNETR) approaches. Overall, the proposed method provides a robust and accurate alternative to the more commonly used supervised techniques for ICH quantification without requiring refined segmentation ground truths during model training. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Image segmentation

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A Global Approach to Artificial Intelligence

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 76946-76962页

作者： De Miguel, Ana M. Gonzalez Sarasa-Cabezuelo, Antonio Complutense University of Madrid Computer Science Faculty Department of Software Engineering and Artificial Intelligence Madrid Spain Complutense University of Madrid Computer Science Faculty Department of Information Systems and Computing Madrid Spain

This paper presents the initial foundations of a new Global approach to Artificial Intelligence based on the modeling of global intelligence and the development of artificial cooperative systems to support this. The research work brings numerous investigations and some of our most recent creations to develop intelligent systems in urgent global, cooperative domains. The investigations present an overall view of current issues like true natural i.e. global intelligence. The creations include several results in global solutions explorations as well as new models, services, architectures and processes which could be of special interest for global organizations that urgently need to achieve intelligent cooperation. The major aim of the approach is to help these organizations, and other related institutions, to succeed in their complex daily duties where true thinking, more natural intelligence and new global artificial systems are required. Further, the paper provides some guidelines for the next evolutions of the work in the form of a brief, open research agenda and, some general actions for deploying Global Artificial Intelligence into our organizations, suggesting how to build new global artificial intelligent systems in real and virtual ecosystems. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： engineering education

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Efficient Bit-Plane Based Medical Image Cryptosystem Using Novel and Robust Sine-Cosine Chaotic Map

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第4期83卷 917-933页

作者： Zeric Tabekoueng Njitacke Louai A.Maghrabi Musheer Ahmad Turki Althaqafi Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering College of Technology(COT)University of BueaBueaP.O.Box 63Cameroon Department of Software Engineering College of EngineeringUniversity of Business and TechnologyJeddah22246Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Engineering Jamia Millia IslamiaNew Delhi110025India Department of Computer Science School of EngineeringComputing and DesignDar Al-Hekma UniversityJeddah22246Saudi Arabia

This paper presents a high-security medical image encryption method that leverages a novel and robust sine-cosine *** map demonstrates remarkable chaotic dynamics over a wide range of *** employ nonlinear analytical tools to thoroughly investigate the dynamics of the chaotic map,which allows us to select optimal parameter configurations for the encryption *** findings indicate that the proposed sine-cosine map is capable of generating a rich variety of chaotic attractors,an essential characteristic for effective *** encryption technique is based on bit-plane decomposition,wherein a plain image is divided into distinct bit *** planes are organized into two matrices:one containing the most significant bit planes and the other housing the least significant *** subsequent phases of chaotic confusion and diffusion utilize these matrices to enhance *** auxiliary matrix is then generated,comprising the combined bit planes that yield the final encrypted *** results demonstrate that our proposed technique achieves a commendable level of security for safeguarding sensitive patient information in medical *** a result,image quality is evaluated using the Structural Similarity Index(SSIM),yielding values close to zero for encrypted images and approaching one for decrypted ***,the entropy values of the encrypted images are near 8,with a Number of Pixel Change Rate(NPCR)and Unified Average Change Intensity(UACI)exceeding 99.50%and 33%,***,quantitative assessments of occlusion attacks,along with comparisons to leading algorithms,validate the integrity and efficacy of our medical image encryption approach.

关键词： Image cryptosystem robust chaos sine-cosine map nonlinear analysis tools medical images

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MA-MFIF: When misaligned multi-focus Image fusion meets deep homography estimation

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第12期84卷 10877-10898页

作者： Zhao, Baojun Luo, Fei Fuentes, Joel Ding, Weichao Gu, Chunhua School of Information Science and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai200237 China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Computer Software Evaluating and Testing Shanghai China Department of Computer Science and Information Technologies Universidad del Bio-Bio Chillán3780000 Chile

Multi-focus image fusion is a technique that combines multiple out-of-focus images to enhance the overall image quality. It has gained significant attention in recent years, thanks to the advancements in deep learning. However, one of the persistent challenges in this field is the processing of misaligned data, which can negatively impact the fusion results. To overcome this problem, a novel fusion framework with pre-registration is proposed for the fusion of misaligned multi-focus images. For pre-registration, content-aware deep homography estimation is used, which performs transfer learning on a real multi-focus image dataset to adapt to registration under defocused conditions. For fusion, a fusion module with dual-branch feature interaction is utilized to avoid invalid feature fusion and trained on real light field dataset to achieve better fusion performance. Qualitative and quantitative experimental results show that the proposed method has a 2-3 percentage point improvement in multiple evaluation metrics compared to existing advanced registration and fusion methods, and a maximum improvement of 4.83 percentage points in fusion performance when tested independently on the Lytro dataset. Additionally, We find that the value of the Qcv metric is greatly influenced by the alignment status of the input images, leading to its inability to reflect the fusion quality of aligned images. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Image enhancement

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Cardinality estimation for property graph queries with gated learning approach on the graph database

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第11期84卷 9159-9183页

作者： He, Zhenzhen Yu, Jiong Du, Xusheng Guo, Binglei Li, Ziyang Li, Zhe School of Information Science and Engineering Xinjiang University Urumqi China School of Computer Engineering Hubei University of Arts and Science Xiangyang China School of Software Xinjiang University Urumqi China Department of Electronic and Information Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong

With the increasing complexity of graph query processing tasks, it is difficult for users to obtain the accurate cardinality before or during the execution of query tasks. Accurate estimate query cardinality is crucial for property graph data model, which usually involves entities, multiple joins, and various types of properties (key-value pairs). While learning-based approaches have been used in query optimization, estimating the cardinality of property graph queries is still particularly challenging. In this paper, we first formally represent each property graph query and then divide the estimation process into three phases: query execution, training data generation, and model training. Secondly, we construct a data pool to deal the updating query workloads in the training data generation phase. Thirdly, we utilize the gate mechanism to develop a cardinality estimation framework based on deep learning neural networks for property graph queries in the Neo4j database, and we propose a hybrid loss function to optimize the training process. Finally, we adopt a method of pre-aggregating the underlying data to speed up query execution in the first phase. The result of the experiment on two real-world datasets shows that our optimized methods can effectively improve the estimation accuracy of the deep learning model, and our query estimator outperforms other deep learning models compared in terms of estimation accuracy. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Query processing

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An Automated Approach to Discovering software Refactorings by Comparing Successive Versions

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IEEE Transactions on software engineering 2025年第05期51卷 1358-1380页

作者： Liu, Bo Liu, Hui Niu, Nan Zhang, Yuxia Li, Guangjie Jiang, He Jiang, Yanjie University of Cincinnati Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science CincinnatiOH United States National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology Beijing China School of Software Dalian University of Technology Dalian China Beijing Institute of Technology School of Computer Science and Technology Beijing China Peking University School of Computer Science Beijing China

software developers and maintainers frequently conduct software refactorings to improve software quality. Identifying the conducted software refactorings may significantly facilitate the comprehension of software evolution, and thus facilitate software maintenance and evolution. Besides that, the identified refactorings are also valuable for data-driven approaches in software refactoring. To this end, researchers have proposed a few approaches to identifying software refactorings automatically. However, the performance (especially precision) of such approaches deserves substantial improvement. To this end, in this paper, we propose a novel refactoring detection approach, called REEXTRACTOR+. At the heart of REEXTRACTOR+ is a reference-based entity matching algorithm that matches coarse-grained code entities (e.g., classes and methods) between two successive versions, and a context-aware statement matching algorithm that matches statements within a pair of matched methods. We evaluated REEXTRACTOR+ on a benchmark consisting of 400 commits from 20 real-world projects. The evaluation results suggested that REEXTRACTOR+ significantly outperformed the state of the art in refactoring detection, reducing the number of false positives by 59.6% and improving recall by 19.2%. We also evaluated the performance of the proposed matching algorithms that serve as the cornerstone of refactoring detection. The evaluation results suggested that the proposed algorithms excel in matching code entities, substantially reducing the number of mistakes (false positives plus false negatives) by 67% compared to the state-of-the-art approaches. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： software quality

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Automatic Positioning of Intelligent Mobile Robot Based on Improved Front-End Scanning Matching

Journal of Network Intelligence

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Journal of Network Intelligence 2025年第1期10卷 559-572页

作者： Wang, Hong Wang, Yi-Gui Zhang, Jie Department of Computer and Software Engineering Shandong College of Electronic Technology Jinan250200 China School of Computer Science and Technology Shandong Jianzhu University Jinan250101 China College of Agricultural Science and Technology Yana Royal Polytechnic University Chiang Mai50000 Thailand

Traditional autonomous navigation methods for mobile robots mainly rely on geometric feature-based LiDAR scan-matching algorithms, but in complex environments, this method is often affected due to the presence of moving objects, occlusions, and other interfering factors, resulting in a decrease in positioning accuracy. With the growing demand for robotics applications in logistics, security, exploration and other fields, the need for robust autonomous navigation and high-precision mapping in highly dynamic and complex environments is becoming more and more urgent. To solve this problem, an improved front-end scan matching algorithm based on Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) LiDAR is proposed in this paper. Firstly, by using the target Doppler velocity information provided by the FMCW LiDAR, we design a novel point cloud segmentation algorithm based on velocity clustering, which is able to effectively distinguish between stationary and moving objects, and avoid the dynamic interference affecting the position estimation. Secondly, we introduce the Gaussian Mixture Model Sampling Consistency (GMMSC) algorithm, which is more robust to reject the mis-matched pairs in the scanning matching process and improve the alignment accuracy. Finally, based on the residual high-quality matched pairs, we combine the classical ICP algorithm with the robust kernel function to further enhance the stability of the position estimation in the case of occlusion and local mismatch. The experimental results show that the proposed improved algorithm significantly improves the mapping capability of mobile robots in complex environments compared with the existing techniques. The average relative error of the improved front-end scanning matching algorithm is reduced by 40.6 % compared with the pre-improved one. © 2025, Taiwan Ubiquitous Information CO LTD. All rights reserved.

关键词： Mobile robots

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