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A deep learning system for predicting time to progression of diabetic retinopathy

NATURE MEDICINE 2024年第2期30卷 358-359页

作者： [Anonymous] Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Disorders Department of Computer Science and Engineering School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai Diabetes Institute Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes Shanghai China MOE Key Laboratory of AI School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China Department of Ophthalmology Huadong Sanatorium Wuxi China Department of Ophthalmology Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China Singapore Eye Research Institute Singapore National Eye Centre Singapore Singapore Department of Computer Science and Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong China Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong China State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat-sen University Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science Guangzhou China Department of Ophthalmology Peking Union Medical College Hospital Peking Union Medical College Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing China Medical Records and Statistics Office Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China Department of Geriatrics Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System Lab Cluster and Grid Computing Lab School of Computer Science and Tech

We developed and validated a deep learning system (termed DeepDR Plus) in a diverse, multiethnic, multi-country dataset to predict personalized risk and time to progression of diabetic retinopathy. We show that DeepDR Plus can be integrated into the clinical workflow to promote individualized intervention strategies for the management of diabetic retinopathy.

关键词： Diabetes complications Machine learning Predictive markers

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SAUGE: Taming SAM for Uncertainty-Aligned Multi-Granularity Edge Detection 39

SAUGE: Taming SAM for Uncertainty-Aligned Multi-Granularity ...

引用

39th Annual AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI 2025

作者： Liufu, Xing Tan, Chaolei Lin, Xiaotong Qi, Yonggang Li, Jinxuan Hu, Jian-Fang School of Computer Science and Engineering Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing China Key Laboratory of Machine Intelligence and Advanced Computing Ministry of Education Guangzhou China Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Information Security Technology China

ISBN: (纸本)157735897X

Edge labels are typically at various granularity levels owing to the varying preferences of annotators, thus handling the subjectivity of per-pixel labels has been a focal point for edge detection. Previous methods often employ a simple voting strategy to diminish such label uncertainty or impose a strong assumption of labels with a pre-defined distribution, e.g., Gaussian. In this work, we unveil that the segment anything model (SAM) provides strong prior knowledge to model the uncertainty in edge labels. Our key insight is that the intermediate SAM features inherently correspond to object edges at various granularities, which reflects different edge options due to uncertainty. Therefore, we attempt to align uncertainty with granularity by regressing intermediate SAM features from different layers to object edges at multi-granularity levels. In doing so, the model can fully and explicitly explore diverse "uncertainties" in a data-driven fashion. Specifically, we inject a lightweight module (∼ 1.5% additional parameters) into the frozen SAM to progressively fuse and adapt its intermediate features to estimate edges from coarse to fine. It is crucial to normalize the granularity level of human edge labels to match their innate uncertainty. For this, we simply perform linear blending to the real edge labels at hand to create pseudo labels with varying granularities. Consequently, our uncertainty-aligned edge detector can flexibly produce edges at any desired granularity (including an optimal one). Thanks to SAM, our model uniquely demonstrates strong generalizability for cross-dataset edge detection. Extensive experimental results on BSDS500, Muticue and NYUDv2 validate our model’s superiority. Copyright © 2025, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (***). All rights reserved.

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View-decoupled Transformer for Person Re-identification under Aerial-ground Camera Network

View-decoupled Transformer for Person Re-identification unde...

引用

Conference on computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)

作者： Quan Zhang Lei Wang Vishal M. Patel Xiaohua Xie Jianhuang Lai School of Computer Science and Engineering Sun Yat-Sen University China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Johns Hopkins University USA Pazhou Lab (HuangPu) Guangdong China Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Information Security Technology Guangdong China Key Laboratory of Machine Intelligence and Advanced Computing Ministry of Education China

ISBN: (数字)9798350353006

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353013

Existing person re-identification methods have achieved remarkable advances in appearance-based identity association across homogeneous cameras, such as ground-ground matching. However, as a more practical scenario, aerial-ground person re-identification (AGPReID) among heterogeneous cameras has received minimal attention. To alleviate the disruption of discriminative identity representation by dramatic view discrepancy as the most significant challenge in AGPReID, the view-decoupled transformer (VDT) is proposed as a simple yet effective framework. Two major components are designed in VDT to decouple view-related and view-unrelated features, namely hierarchical subtractive separation and orthogonal loss, where the former separates these two features inside the VDT, and the latter constrains these two to be independent. In addition, we contribute a large-scale AGPReID dataset called CARGO, consisting of five/eight aerial/ground cameras, 5,000 identities, and 108,563 images. Experiments on two datasets show that VDT is a feasible and effective solution for AGPReID, surpassing the previous method on mAP/Rank1 by up to 5.0%/2.7% on CARGO and 3.7%/5.2% on AG-ReID, keeping the same magnitude of computational complexity. Our project is available at https://***/LinlyAC/VDT-AGPReID.

关键词： computer vision Cameras Transformers Pattern recognition Computational complexity Identification of persons

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LSketch: A Label-Enabled Graph Stream Sketch Toward Time-Sensitive Queries

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Zeng, Yiling Song, Chunyao Li, Yuhan Ge, Tingjian Tianjin Key Laboratory of Network and Data Security Technology College of Computer Science Nankai University Tianjin300350 China Department of Computer Science University of Massachusetts Lowell United States

Graph streams represent data interactions in real applications. The mining of graph streams plays an important role in network security, social network analysis, and traffic control, among others. However, the sheer volume and high dynamics cause great challenges for efficient storage and subsequent query analysis on them. Current studies apply sketches to summarize graph streams. We propose LSketch that works for heterogeneous graph streams, which effectively preserves the label information carried by the streams in real scenes, thereby enriching the expressive ability of sketches. In addition, as graph streams continue to evolve over time, edges too old may lose their practical significance. Therefore, we introduce the sliding window model into LSketch to eliminate the expired edges automatically. LSketch uses sub-linear storage space and can support structure based queries and time-sensitive queries with high accuracy. We perform extensive experiments over four real datasets, demonstrating the superiority of the proposed method over state-of-the-art methods, in aspects of query accuracy and time efficiency. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Network security

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Intelligent Energy-Efficient and Fair Resource Scheduling for UAV-Assisted Space-Air-Ground Integrated Networks Under Jamming Attacks

Intelligent Energy-Efficient and Fair Resource Scheduling fo...

引用

IEEE Conference on Vehicular technology (VTC)

作者： Shihao Chen Helin Yang Liang Xiao Changyuan Xu Xianzhong Xie Wanting Yang Zehui Xiong Department of Information & Communication Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen China Chongqing Key Laboratory of Computer Network and Communication Technology Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications Chongqing China Pillar of Information System Technology & Design Singapore University of Technology and Design Singapore

ISBN: (数字)9798350387414

ISBN: (纸本)9798350387421

The space-air-ground integrated network (SAGIN) is a crucial technology for sixth-generation (6G) wireless communication networks to achieve seamless coverage and high throughput. In this paper, we propose an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-assisted SAGIN structure, where the UAV is responsible for collecting data from ground users (GUs) and transmitting it to low-earth orbit (LEO) satellites. This paper also formulates a joint energy-efficient and fair resource scheduling optimization problem under jamming attacks and limited energy constraints, where the line-of-sight (LoS) links between the UAV and GUs are susceptible to being jammed. Due to the non-convex problem and dynamic environments, a deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-based twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient (TD3) is developed to search optimal UAV trajectory to maximize energy efficiency (EE) and fairness against jamming. Simulation results verify that the proposed intelligent resource scheduling algorithm outperforms the baseline algorithms in terms of EE and fairness index in different settings.

关键词： Wireless communication Vehicular and wireless technologies Simulation Autonomous aerial vehicles Space-air-ground integrated networks Energy efficiency Trajectory

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HoLens: A Visual Analytics Design for Higher-order Movement Modeling and Visualization

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Feng, Zezheng Zhu, Fang Wang, Hongjun Hao, Jianing Yang, Shuang-Hua Zeng, Wei Qu, Huamin Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong Southern University of Science and Technology China Department of Computer Science University of Reading United Kingdom Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Safety and Security for Next Generation of Industrial Internet Southern University of Science and Technology China

Higher-order patterns reveal sequential multistep state transitions, which are usually superior to origin-destination analysis, which depicts only first-order geospatial movement patterns. Conventional methods for higher-order movement modeling first construct a directed acyclic graph (DAG) of movements, then extract higher-order patterns from the DAG. However, DAG-based methods heavily rely on the identification of movement keypoints that are challenging for sparse movements and fail to consider the temporal variants that are critical for movements in urban environments. To overcome the limitations, we propose HoLens, a novel approach for modeling and visualizing higher-order movement patterns in the context of an urban environment. HoLens mainly makes twofold contributions: first, we design an auto-adaptive movement aggregation algorithm that self-organizes movements hierarchically by considering spatial proximity, contextual information, and temporal variability;second, we develop an interactive visual analytics interface consisting of well-established visualization techniques, including the H-Flow for visualizing the higher-order patterns on the map and the higher-order state sequence chart for representing the higher-order state transitions. Two real-world case studies manifest that the method can adaptively aggregate the data and exhibit the process of how to explore the higher-order patterns by HoLens. We also demonstrate our approach's feasibility, usability, and effectiveness through an expert interview with three domain experts. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Visualization

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Spatio-Temporal Fuzzy-oriented Multi-Modal Meta-Learning for Fine-grained Emotion Recognition

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2024年

作者： Wang, Jingyao Qiang, Wenwen Zheng, Changwen Sun, Fuchun University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China National Key Laboratory of Space Integrated Information System Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua University Beijing China

Fine-grained emotion recognition (FER) plays a vital role in various fields, such as disease diagnosis, personalized recommendations, and multimedia mining. However, existing FER methods face three key challenges in real-world applications: (i) they rely on large amounts of continuously annotated data to ensure accuracy since emotions are complex and ambiguous in reality, which is costly and time-consuming;(ii) they cannot capture the temporal heterogeneity caused by changing emotion patterns, because they usually assume that the temporal correlation within sampling periods is the same;(iii) they do not consider the spatial heterogeneity of different FER scenarios, that is, the distribution of emotion information in different data may have bias or interference. To address these challenges, we propose a Spatio-Temporal Fuzzy-oriented Multi-modal Meta-learning framework (ST-F2M). Specifically, ST-F2M first divides the multimodal videos into multiple views, and each view corresponds to one modality of one emotion. Multiple randomly selected views for the same emotion form a meta-training task. Next, ST-F2M uses an integrated module with spatial and temporal convolutions to encode the data of each task, reflecting the spatial and temporal heterogeneity. Then it adds fuzzy semantic information to each task based on generalized fuzzy rules, which helps handle the complexity and ambiguity of emotions. Finally, ST-F2M learns emotion-related general meta-knowledge through meta-recurrent neural networks to achieve fast and robust fine-grained emotion recognition. Extensive experiments show that ST-F2M outperforms various state-of-the-art methods in terms of accuracy and model efficiency. In addition, we construct ablation studies and further analysis to explore why ST-F2M performs well. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Recurrent neural networks

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Fake It till You Make It: Curricular Dynamic Forgery Augmentations towards General Deepfake Detection

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2024年

作者： Lin, Yuzhen Song, Wentang Li, Bin Li, Yuezun Ni, Jiangqun Chen, Han Li, Qiushi Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Media Security SZU-AFS Joint Innovation Center for AI Technology Shenzhen University Shenzhen China College of Computer Science and Technology Ocean University of China Qingdao China School of Cyber Science and Technology Sun Yat-Sen University Department of New Networks Peng Cheng Laboratory Shenzhen China

Previous studies in deepfake detection have shown promising results when testing face forgeries from the same dataset as the training. However, the problem remains challenging when one tries to generalize the detector to forgeries from unseen datasets and created by unseen methods. In this work, we present a novel general deepfake detection method, called Curricular Dynamic Forgery Augmentation (CDFA), which jointly trains a deepfake detector with a forgery augmentation policy network. Unlike the previous works, we propose to progressively apply forgery augmentations following a monotonic curriculum during the training. We further propose a dynamic forgery searching strategy to select one suitable forgery augmentation operation for each image varying between training stages, producing a forgery augmentation policy optimized for better generalization. In addition, we propose a novel forgery augmentation named self-shifted blending image to simply imitate the temporal inconsistency of deepfake generation. Comprehensive experiments show that CDFA can significantly improve both cross-datasets and cross-manipulations performances of various naive deepfake detectors in a plug-and-play way, and make them attain superior performances over the existing methods in several benchmark datasets. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Curricula

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Ppdf-Fedtmi: A Federated Learning-Based Transport Mode Inference Model with Privacy-Preserving Data Fusion

SSRN

引用

SSRN 2023年

作者： Huang, Qihan Zhang, Jing Zeng, Zuanyang He, Ding Ye, Xiucai Chen, Yi School of Computer Science and Mathematics Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Applications Fujian University of Technology Fuzhou China Department of Computer Science University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan Department of Computer and Information Security Management Fujian Police College Fuzhou China

Mobile Crowd-Sensing (MCS) is a distributed data fusion system that leverages multiple data sources to improve the performance. By incorporating data from numerous individuals, MCS can provide more accurate, comprehensive, and valuable information than any single source could offer alone. As an essential application in MCS, intelligent transportation system deploys a large number of Transport Mode Inference (TMI) models. However, tens of thousands of trajectories are utilized for TMI model training, which will bring the risk of privacy disclosure. Existing solutions cannot address the privacy concerns of trajectories in MCS. In order to achieve the secure distributed architecture for eliminating such concerns in collaboration, a Federated Learning-based Transport Mode Inference Model with Privacy-Preserving Data Fusion (PPDF-FedTMI) is proposed in this paper. Firstly, federated learning is utilized in the TMI model to solve the isolated data islands problem of MCS systems. Subsequently, a fuzzy fusion algorithm based on the fuzzy clustering of label information is proposed to train models stably and effectively under non-IID distributed datasets. Furthermore, a privacy-preserving joint training method applying local differential privacy is designed to enhance the gradient privacy, which can prevent attackers from deriving the original through the gradient. Finally, the experimental results demonstrate that PPDF-FedTMI can provide higher accuracy of mode inference and effective privacy-preserving compared to other models. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Data fusion

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Impossible Differential Analysis on 8-Round PRINCE 9th

Impossible Differential Analysis on 8-Round PRINCE

引用

9th International Conference on computer Engineering and Networks, CENet2019

作者： Ding, Yaoling Jia, Keting Wang, An Shi, Ying School of Computer Science Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing100081 China Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Key Laboratory of Network Assessment Technology CAS Institute of Information Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100093 China State Key Laboratory of Information Security Institute of Information Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100093 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789811537523

PRINCE is a lightweight block cipher, which was proposed by Borghoff et al. in Asiacrypt 2012. Various cryptanalytic techniques have been employed to evaluate the security of PRINCE. In 2017, Ding et al. constructed a 4-round impossible differential based on some observations on M′ operation and launched impossible differential attacks on 6- and 7-round PRINCE and the underlying PRINCEcore. In this paper, we explore the differential distribution table (DDT) of the S-box employed in PRINCE and construct a more detailed DDT which contains the input/output values corresponding to each differential. Taking advantage of the table, we compute the subkeys instead of guessing them. With this technique, we extend the impossible differential attacks of PRINCE and PRINCEcore to eight rounds. The corresponding computational and complexities are 110.7 and 62.26 encryptions, respectively, which are much less than exhaustive search. And the data complexities are 64 and 60 chosen plaintexts, respectively. © 2021, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Cryptography

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