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1st Workshop on Challenges in Processing South Asian Languages, CHiPSAL 2025, co-located with the 31st International Conference on Computational Linguistics, COLING 2025

作者： Khalid, Ayesha Adeeba, Farah Sehar, Najm Ul Hussain, Sarmad Center for Language Engineering Al-Khawarizmi Institute of Computer Science University of Engineering and Technology Lahore Pakistan Department of Computer Science University of Engineering and Technology New Campus Pakistan

ISBN: (纸本)9798891762015

The accuracy of Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems is influenced by the quality and context of speech signals, particularly in telephonic environments prone to errors like channel drops and noise, leading to higher Word Error Rates (WER). This paper presents the development of a large vocabulary Urdu ASR system for telephonic speech, based on a corpus of 445 speakers from diverse domains. The corpus, annotated at the sentence level, is used to train and evaluate GMM-HMM and chain Time-Delay Neural Network (TDNN) models on a 10-hour test set. Results show that the TDNN model outperforms GMM-HMM. Mixing narrowband and wideband speech further reduces WER. The test sets are also evaluated for the pre-trained model Whisper for performance comparison. Additionally, system adaptation for the banking domain with a specialized lexicon and language model demonstrates the system’s potential for domain-specific applications. © 2025 International Committee on Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Computational linguistics

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Detection of Perfect Stealthy Attacks on Cyber-Physical Systems Subject to Measurement Quantizations: A Watermark-Based Strategy

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2025年第1期12卷 114-125页

作者： Yu-Ang Wang Zidong Wang Lei Zou Bo Shen Hongli Dong the College of Information Science and Technology Donghua University the Engineering Research Center of Digitalized Textile and Fashion Technology Ministry of Education IEEE the College of Electrical Engineering and Automation Shandong University of Science and Technology the Department of Computer Science Brunel University London Uxbridge the Sanya Offshore Oil and Gas Research Institute Northeast Petroleum University the Artificial Intelligence Energy Research Institute Northeast Petroleum University Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Networking and Intelligent Control Northeast Petroleum University

In this paper, the attack detection problem is investigated for a class of closed-loop systems subjected to unknownbutbounded noises in the presence of stealthy attacks. The measurement outputs from the sensors are quantized before transmission.A specific type of perfect stealthy attack, which meets certain rather stringent conditions, is taken into account. Such attacks could be injected by adversaries into both the sensor-toestimator and controller-to-actuator channels, with the aim of disrupting the normal data flow. For the purpose of defending against these perfect stealthy attacks, a novel scheme based on watermarks is developed. This scheme includes the injection of watermarks(applied to data prior to quantization) and the recovery of data(implemented before the data reaches the estimator).The watermark-based scheme is designed to be both timevarying and hidden from adversaries through incorporating a time-varying and bounded watermark signal. Subsequently, a watermark-based attack detection strategy is proposed which thoroughly considers the characteristics of perfect stealthy attacks,thereby ensuring that an alarm is activated upon the occurrence of such attacks. An example is provided to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed mechanism for detecting attacks.

关键词： Attack detection cyber-physical systems (CPSs) perfect stealthy attacks watermark-based strategy

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GENOCARE PROGNOSTICATOR MODEL: HOST GENETICS PREDICT SEVERITY OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE

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Scalable Computing 2025年第2期26卷 924-939页

作者： DUBEY, SHIVENDRA SINGH, SHWETA VERMA, DINESH KUMAR LODHI, SUDHEER KUMAR DUBEY, SAKSHI Department of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Manipal University Rajasthan Jaipur303007 India School of Engineering and Technology Jagran Lakecity University Madhya Pradesh Bhopal462042 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Jaypee University of Engineering and Technology Madhya Pradesh Guna473226 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Parul Institute of Engineering and Technology Gujarat Vadodara391760 India

Scientific community understanding of the variance in severity of infectious disease like COVID-19 across patients is an important area of focus. The article presents an innovative voting ensemble GenoCare Prognosticator (GCP) model that incorporates XGBoost and Random Forest classifiers, two cutting-edge machine learning approaches. A large dataset that incorporates medical covariates like gender and age along with biological WES (Whole Exome Sequencing) data was used to train these models. Five-fold stratified cross-validation was used to process the dataset in order to improve model stability and avoid overfitting. Two medical covariates and sixteen recognized candidate gene variants were among the eighteen major features on which our GCP model had been verified using data from earlier studies. Specific post-hoc clarification of the model's predictions was provided by ExplainerDashboard, a Python open-source library, to improve interpretability. Furthermore, we utilized OpenTarget and Enrichr, two bioinformatic resources, to establish connections between the discovered variations in genetics and pertinent ontologies, biological pathways, and possible drug/disease relationships. Unsupervised clustering of SHAP key feature values was included in the analysis, which revealed intricate genetic interactions that affect the severity of the disease. Our results show that although gender and age are the main factors influencing the severity of COVID-19, complex genetic interactions cause severe symptoms in a specific subset of patients. This work contributes to our comprehension of the biological variables influencing the severity of COVID-19 and offers a reliable, comprehensible model that can help recognize patients at high risk and guide individualized treatment plans. © (2025), (West university of Timisoara). All rights reserved.

关键词： COVID-19

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Sub-terahertz transmissive reconfigurable intelligent surface for integrated beam steering and self-OOK-modulation

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Light(science & Applications) 2025年第1期14卷 131-141页

作者： Dongfang Shen Feng Lan Luyang Wang Tianyang Song Munan Yang Tianyu Hu Yueting Li Xiaolei Nie Jiayao Yang Shixiong Liang Hongxin Zeng Hui-Fang Zhang Pinaki Mazumder Ziqiang Yang Yaxin Zhang Tie Jun Cui Sichuan THz Communication Technology Engineering Research Center School of Electronic Science and EngineeringUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu611731China Yangtze Delta Region Institute(Huzhou) University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaHuzhou313000China Zhangjiang Laboratory Shanghai201204China School of Microelectronics Tianjin UniversityTianjin300072China Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaShenzhen518100China Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA Southeast University Nanjing210096China

Boasting superior flexibility in beam manipulation and a simpler framework than traditional phased arrays,terahertz metasurface-based phased arrays show great promise for 5G-A/6G communication *** with the reflective reconfigurable intelligent surface(reflective RIS),the transmissive RIS(TRIS)offers more feasibility for transceiver multiplexing systems to meet the growing demand for high-performance beam tracking in terahertz communication and radar ***,the terahertz TRIS encounters greater challenges in phase shift,beam efficiency,and complex ***,we propose a sub-terahertz TRIS based on the phase shift via Pancharatnam-Berry(PB)metasurface and self-on-off keying(OOK)modulation via Schottky *** electrically reconfigurable unit cell consists of a column-wise phase resonator and a rectangular *** experimental retrieved equivalent lumped-element circuit model is implemented in joint field-circuit simulations and is validated by experiments.A fabricated prototype demonstrates excellent performance of TRIS with the minimum insertion loss of 2.8 dB for operational states,large bandwidth nearly covering the entire W-band for 1-bit phase shift,deep OOK amplitude modulation of 12 dB,and wide scanning range of±60°with low specular *** further implement an integrated platform combining high-speed beam steering and spatial-light modulation,verifying the point-to-point signal transmissions in different directions using the TRIS *** proposed TRIS with high-performance and cost-effective fabrication makes it a promising solution to terahertz minimalist communication systems,radar,and satellite communication systems.

关键词： reconfigurable reflective resonator

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New Cooling Structure for Improving the Oil Cooling Effects of the End Winding of Flat Winding 19th

New Cooling Structure for Improving the Oil Cooling Effects ...

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19th Annual Conference of China Electrotechnical Society, ACCES 2024

作者： Cai, Wei Li, Guicang Yang, Yongxi Gong, Haigui School of Electrical Engineering Harbin University of Science and Technology Harbin150080 China School of Vehicle and Mechanical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing100081 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819613786

The oil-cooled flat-wire winding machines characterized with high electromagnetic loads and high power densities are widely used in for electric vehicle. However, high AC losses and large differences between the interlayer are inevitable when the motor operated in high-speed operation, posing serious challenges to reliable cooling of the motors. The transported winding with multi-segmented winding could significantly suppress the AC loss, but its end winding space structure is complex and might affect the cooling effect of winding. In this paper, the electrical machine with end transported winding is taken as the research object. The fluid-solid coupling model with oil and gas two-phase flow for the end transported winding is established, and the fluid distribution and local hot spot distribution are then analyzed. A new oil-injection structure is then proposed and are optimized with the Taguchi approach. The simulation result shows that the maximum temperature of the end winding is reduced by approximately 20 ℃ with the proposed oil-injection structure. © Beijing Paike Culture Commu. Co., Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Machine windings

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Binary-Level Formal Verification Based Automatic Security Ensurement for PLC in Industrial IoT

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IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing 2025年第3期22卷 2211-2226页

作者： Zhang, Xuankai Li, Jianhua Wu, Jun Chen, Guoxing Meng, Yan Zhu, Haojin Zhang, Xiaosong Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering Shanghai200240 China Shanghai Jiao Tong University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shanghai200240 China University of Electronic Science and Technology of China School of Computer Science and Engineering Chengdu610054 China University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study Shenzhen518055 China

Currently, the security of the control logic of Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) is facing a serious threat, significantly impacting industrial production. Consequently, ensuring the security of PLC control logic becomes imperative. Formal verification emerges as a promising methodology for verifing PLC security through behavioral modeling and security testing. However, existing formal verification approaches primarily focus on modeling the PLC source code, overlooking the identification of compile-time errors and real-time runtime logic checks. Therefore, it is essential to apply formal verification to PLC control logic at the binary level. In this study, we introduce VoICS, a system designed to facilitate binary-level formal verification. Using reverse engineering, VoICS automatically parses PLC programs written by various programming languages at the binary level and constructs control flow graphs (CFGs). Furthermore, we use an algorithm combining two model optimization methods (i.e., trim invalid states and unnecessary states compression) to convert the reversed PLC assembly program into nuXmv format model. Lastly, VoICS establishes the corresponding constraints and performs formal verification on the model using nuXmv. The evaluation results demonstrate the capability of VoICS in identifying instances of unreliable control logic within PLC control programs, thus reinforcing the dependability of the industrial automation system. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Formal verification

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Single-Valued Neutrosophic Graph with Heptapartitioend Structure

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Neutrosophic Sets and Systems 2025年 80卷 728-748页

作者： Fathi, Hanaa Myvizhi, M. Abdelhafeez, Ahmed Abdellah, Mohamed Refaat Eassa, Mohamed Sawah, Mohamed S. Elbehiery, Hussam College of Information Technology Amman Arab University Amman Jordan KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology Tamilnadu Coimbatore India Computer Science Department Faculty of Information System and Computer Science October 6 University Giza12585 Egypt Applied Science Research Center Applied Science Private University Amman Jordan The Department of Computer Science College of Information Technology Misr University for Science and Technology Cairo Egypt Department of Computer Science Faculty of Information Technology Ajloun National University P.O.43 Ajloun26810 Jordan

This study applies single-valued neutrosophic sets, which extend the frameworks of fuzzy and intuitionistic fuzzy sets, to graph theory. We introduce a new category of graphs called Single-Valued Heptapartitioned Neutrosophic Graphs (SVHNG) and investigate their characteristics through comprehensive proofs and illustrative examples. © 2025, university of New Mexico. All rights reserved.

关键词： Heptapartitioend Neutrosophic Set Neutrosophic Graph Neutrosophic Sets SVHN-Graph

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Deep transfer learning technique to detect white blood cell classification in regular clinical practice using histopathological images

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第9期84卷 5699-5723页

作者： Davamani, K. Anita Jawahar, Malathy Anbarasi, L. Jani Ravi, Vinayakumar Al Mazroa, Alanoud Robin, C. R. Rene Computer Science and Engineering Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology Chennai India Leather Process Technology Division CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute Chennai India School of Computing Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore India Computer Science and Engineering Sri Sairam Engineering College Sirukalathur India Center for Artificial Intelligence Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University Khobar Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems College of Computer and Information Sciences Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Riyadh11671 Saudi Arabia

Leukemia, a malignant disease characterized by the rapid proliferation of specific types of white blood cells (WBC), has prompted increased interest in leveraging automatic WBC classification system. This study presents the design of a robust WBC classification system, integrating deep learning with microscopic image analysis. The proposed classification model is designed to categorize blood cells into four distinct groups: eosinophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, and neutrophil. The study employs a Kaggle image dataset for comprehensive learning. The dataset comprises 12,500 microscopic images used to categorize the four blood cell groups. To enhance performance and reduce the likelihood of overfitting, transfer learning techniques are employed. Six deep transfer learning models namely VGG16, ResNet50, AlexNet, MobileNet, GoogLeNet, and EfficientNetBO are used for feature extraction and classification. The results of the experiments show that VGG16 and MobileNet demonstrated enhancements compared to other pre-trained models when evaluated on both augmented and original datasets. A diverse set of evaluation criteria was employed to thoroughly assess the effectiveness of medical image classification. Notably, the VGG16 and MobileNet models accurately predicted Lymphocytes and Monocytes with a 100% accuracy rate, and Eosinophil and Neutrophil with rates of 99.35% and 99.81%, respectively. This research work empower medical practitioners, particularly in the field of pathology and hematology by providing advanced tools for accurate blood cell classification. The proposed VGG16 and MobileNet models hold promise for simplifying WBC classification, improving decision-making processes, and ultimately advancing patient care in the medical domain. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Deep learning

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Deep ensemble model for skin cancer classification with improved feature set

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第10期84卷 7599-7626页

作者： Burada, Sreedhar Manjunathswamy, B.E. Kumar, M. Sunil Department of Computer Science and Engineering Don Bosco Institute of Technology Karnataka Bengaluru560074 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering School of Computing Mohan Babu University Sree Vidyanikethan Engineering College Andhra Pradesh Tirupati517102 India

Early identification of skin cancer is mandatory to minimize the worldwide death rate as this disease is covering more than 30% of mortality rates in young and adults. Researchers are in the move of proposing advanced models for the accurate classification of skin disease. This paper introduces a novel skin cancer detection model under the stages of preprocessing, feature extraction, classification as well as segmentation. The given input is first preprocessed via Gaussian filtering. Subsequently, the Deep learning model termed as ‘U-net’ is used for the segmentation process. Afterward, the extraction of the feature set including features like Improved Center symmetric Local Binary Pattern (ICS-LBP), Local Gradient Pattern (LGP), Median binary pattern (MBP) is performed. Classification takes place using Deep Ensemble Model based on the extracted features, that includes BiGRU, Deep Maxout, and Improved Deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), respectively. Also, as the hyperparameter tuning of the classification model enhances the performance, this work introduces a new Hybrid Atom and Arithmetic Operation Algorithm (HAAOA) algorithm for tuning the optimal weights of the Bi-GRU (Bi-directional Gated Recurrent Unit) and Deep Maxout model. At last, the validation of the proposed work is performed through different performance measures by comparing it with different algorithms. Accordingly, accuracy of the adopted method at 90th learning percentage is 93.56%, which is (~) 82.63%, 85.15%, 84.98%, 83.66% and 83.42% better than AOA, ASO, BWO, BMO and DO, respectively. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Feature extraction

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Deep Learning Based Side-Channel Attack Detection for Mobile Devices Security in 5G Networks

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清华大学学报自然科学版（英文版） 2025年第3期30卷 1012-1026页

作者： Amjed A.Ahmed Mohammad Kamrul Hasan Ali Alqahtani Shayla Islam Bishwajeet Pandey Leila Rzayeva Huda Saleh Abbas Azana Hafizah Mohd Aman Nayef Alqahtani Center for Cyber Security Faculty of Information Science and TechnologyUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaBangi 43600Malaysia Imam Alkadhim University College Department of Computer Techniques EngineeringBaghdad 10066Iraq Center for Cyber Security Faculty of Information Science and TechnologyUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaBangi 43600Malaysia Department of Networks and Communications Engineering College of Computer Science and Information SystemsNajran UniversityNajran 61441Saudi Arabia Institute of Computer Science and Digital Innovation UCSI UniversityKuala Lumpur 56000Malaysia Department of Intelligent Systems and Cyber Security Astana IT UniversityAstana 20000Kazakstan Department of Computer Science College of Computer Science and EngineeringTaibah UniversityMadinah 42353Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical Engineering College of EngineeringKing Faisal UniversityAl-Hofuf 31982Saudi Arabia

Mobile devices within Fifth Generation(5G)networks,typically equipped with Android systems,serve as a bridge to connect digital gadgets such as global positioning system,mobile devices,and wireless routers,which are vital in facilitating end-user communication ***,the security of Android systems has been challenged by the sensitive data involved,leading to vulnerabilities in mobile devices used in 5G *** vulnerabilities expose mobile devices to cyber-attacks,primarily resulting from security ***-permission apps in Android can exploit these channels to access sensitive information,including user identities,login credentials,and geolocation *** such attack leverages"zero-permission"sensors like accelerometers and gyroscopes,enabling attackers to gather information about the smartphone's *** underscores the importance of fortifying mobile devices against potential future *** research focuses on a new recurrent neural network prediction model,which has proved highly effective for detecting side-channel attacks in mobile devices in 5G *** conducted state-of-the-art comparative studies to validate our experimental *** results demonstrate that even a small amount of training data can accurately recognize 37.5％of previously unseen user-typed ***,our tap detection mechanism achieves a 92％accuracy rate,a crucial factor for text *** findings have significant practical implications,as they reinforce mobile device security in 5G networks,enhancing user privacy,and data protection.

关键词： Fifth Generation(5G)networks smartphone information leakage Side-Channel Attack(SCA) deep learning

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