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Finding representative sets of dialect words for geographical regions 5

Finding representative sets of dialect words for geographica...

引用

5th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, LREC 2006

作者： Salmenkivi, Marko Helsinki Institute for Information Technology Basic Research Unit Department of Computer Science University of Helsinki P.O. Box 68 FIN-00014 Finland

We investigate a corpus of geographical distributions of 17,126 Finnish dialect words. Our goal is to automatically find sets of words characteristic to geographical regions. Though our approach is related to the problem of dividing the investigation area into linguistically (and geographically) relatively coherent dialect regions, we do not aim at constructing more or less questionable dialect regions. Instead, we let the boundaries of the regions overlap to get insight to the degree of lexical change between adjacent areas. More concretely, we study the applicability of data clustering approaches to find sets of words with tight spatial distributions, and to cluster the extracted distributions according to their distribution areas. The extracted words belonging to the same cluster can then be utilized as a means to characterize the lexicon of the region. We also automatically pick up words with occurrences appearing in two or more areas that are geographically far from each other. These words may give valuable insight to, e.g., the study of cultural history and history of settlement.

关键词： Geographical regions

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Learning to Segment Any Random Vector

Learning to Segment Any Random Vector

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International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)

作者： A. Hyvarinen J. Perkio Institute of Information Technology (Basic Research Unit) and the Department of Computer Science University of Helsinki Finland

We propose a method that takes observations of a random vector as input, and learns to segment each observation into two disjoint parts. We show how to use the internal coherence of segments to learn to segment almost any random variable. Coherence is formalized using the principle of autoprediction, i.e. two elements are similar if the observed values are similar to the predictions given by the elements for each other. To obtain a principled model and method, we formulate a generative model and show how it can be estimated in the limit of zero noise. The ensuing method is an abstract, adaptive (learning) generalization of well-known methods for image segmentation. It enables segmentation of random vectors in cases where intuitive prior information necessary for conventional segmentation methods is not available.

关键词： Image segmentation Visual system Humans Coherence Random variables Noise generators Performance evaluation Statistics Application software computer vision

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An automatic microcalcification detection system utilizing mammographic enhancement techniques

An automatic microcalcification detection system utilizing m...

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2005 7th International Workshop on Mathematical Methods on Scattering Theory and Biomedical Engineering

作者： Papadopoulos, A.N. Fotiadis, D.I. Dept. of Medical Physics Medical School University of Ioannina GR 45110 Ioannina Greece Dept. of Computer Science Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems University of Ioannina GR 45110 Ioannina Greece

ISBN: (纸本)9812568603

The utilization of image enhancement algorithms could improve the performance of the computer aided detection (CAD) systems. This work is an improvement stage for our previously developed CAD system. The CAD system is composed of several modules that are responsible for the pre-processing, segmentation, feature extraction and the reduction of the false positive samples. The pre-processing techniques which are tested are: (a) the contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization, (b) the local range modification algorithm, (c) the redundant discrete wavelet (RDW) linear stretching algorithm applied on the 2nd and 3rd reconstruction levels, (d) the RDW applied on the 2nd, 3rd and an approximation of 4 th reconstruction levels and (e) the RDW shrinkage algorithm applied on the 2nd and 3rd reconstruction levels. The false positive reduction step composed of a neural network classifier and the classification performance is estimated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The system was evaluated in clinical trials using two diagnosed databases, the Mammographic Image Analysis Society (MIAS) and the Nijmegen datasets. The implementation of the enhancement techniques influences greatly the performance of the CAD system. The performance of the CAD system is improved remarkably when the local range modification pre-processing technique is used. The utilization of the enhancement technique increase significantly the detection of the microcalcification cluster. © 2006 World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.

关键词： Mammography

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An automated method for gridding in microarray images

An automated method for gridding in microarray images

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28th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBS'06

作者： Giannakeas, Nikolaos Fotiadis, Dimitrios I. Politou, Anastasia S. IEEE Laboratory of Biological Chemistry Medical School University of Ioannina Ioannina GR 45110 Greece Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems Dept. of Computer Science University of Ioannina Ioannina GR 45110 Greece

ISBN: (纸本)1424400325

Microarray technology is a powerful tool for analyzing the expression of a large number of genes in parallel. A typical microarray image consists of a few thousands of spots which determine the level of gene expression in the sample. In this paper we propose a method which automatically addresses each spot area in the image. Initially, a preliminary segmentation of the image is produced using a template matching algorithm. Next, grid and spot finding are realized. The position of non-expressed spots is located and finally a Voronoi diagram is employed to fit the grid on the image. Our method has been evaluated in a set of five images consisting of 45960 spots, from the Stanford Microarray Database and the reported accuracy for spot detection was 93%. © 2006 IEEE.

关键词： Image processing

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What is the Dimension of Your Binary Data?

What is the Dimension of Your Binary Data?

引用

IEEE International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM)

作者： Nikolaj Tatti Taneli Mielikainen Aristides Gionis Heikki Mannila HIIT Basic Research Unit Department of Computer Science Helsinki University of Technology and University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland

Many 0/1 datasets have a very large number of variables; however, they are sparse and the dependency structure of the variables is simpler than the number of variables would suggest. Defining the effective dimensionality of such a dataset is a nontrivial problem. We consider the problem of defining a robust measure of dimension for 0/1 datasets, and show that the basic idea of fractal dimension can be adapted for binary data. However, as such the fractal dimension is difficult to interpret. Hence we introduce the concept of normalized fractal dimension. For a dataset D, its normalized fractal dimension counts the number of independent columns needed to achieve the unnormalized fractal dimension of D. The normalized fractal dimension measures the degree of dependency structure of the data. We study the properties of the normalized fractal dimension and discuss its computation. We give empirical results on the normalized fractal dimension, comparing it against PCA.

关键词： Fractals Principal component analysis Matrix decomposition Data mining computer science Robustness Data analysis Linear discriminant analysis Random variables

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A Comparison of Methodologies for Fuzzy Expert System Creation - Application to Arrhythmic Beat Classification

A Comparison of Methodologies for Fuzzy Expert System Creati...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Markos G. Tsipouras Themis P. Exarchos Dimitrios I. Fotiadis Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems Department of Computer Science University of Ioannina (UoI) Ioannina Greece

In this work, three different methodologies for fuzzy expert systems creation are compared: a well-known neuro-fuzzy approach, a knowledge-based approach and a novel methodology, based on rule-extraction. The adaptive neuro-fuzzy information system (ANFIS) is used to automatically generate a fuzzy expert system. In the knowledge-based approach and the rule-extraction methodology, the idea is to start with a model described by crisp rules, provided by medical experts in the first case or extracted using data mining techniques in the second, and then to transform them into a set of fuzzy rules, creating a fuzzy model. In either case, the adjustment of the model's parameters is performed via a stochastic global optimization procedure. All three approaches are applied to a medical domain problem, the cardiac arrhythmic beat classification. The ability to interpret the decisions made from the created fuzzy expert systems is a major advantage compared to other "black box" approaches

关键词： Hybrid intelligent systems Data mining Rhythm Fuzzy sets Fuzzy systems Information systems Stochastic processes Uncertainty Medical expert systems Artificial intelligence

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The Effects of Phase Resetting Technique in Cardiac Models

The Effects of Phase Resetting Technique in Cardiac Models

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Dimitrios G. Tsalikakis Henngui G. Zhang George P. Kremmydas Dimitrios I. Fotiadis Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems Department of Computer Science University of Ioannina (UoI) Ioannina Greece University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology Manchester UK

When a brief current pulse is incident on excitable cells in cardiac and other nervous tissue, a change in phase of the cell's response is usually observed. In cardiac tissue, the cells are bared to external stimulation of generally positive currents, which depolarize the cells. In this paper an overview of the application of the phase resetting technique (PRT) in several cardiac models is presented. We discuss the effects of external stimuli in several cardiac cell models and we provide the phase transition curves (PTCs) resulted from the application of PRT with the Zhang et al. sinoatrial node model

关键词： Rhythm Oscillators Intelligent systems Information systems computer science Cardiac tissue Limit-cycles Cardiology Cities and towns USA Councils

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Reflections on reflection in agile software development

Reflections on reflection in agile software development

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Agile Development Conference

作者： D. Talby O. Hazzan Y. Dubinsky A. Keren MAMDAS-Software Development Unit Air Force IDF Israel Department of Education in Technology and Science Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Israel Department of Computer Science Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Israel

This paper analyzes the reflections of an agile team, developing a large-scale project in an industry setting. The team uses an iteration summary meeting practice, which includes four elements: the customer's summary, a formal presentation of the system, review of metrics and a reflection. The technique for the entire meeting and for the reflection element in particular is described, and empirical evidence is given to show that it is assessed as highly effective, achieving its intended goals, and increasing team satisfaction. Further, the proposed practice supports tracking past decisions. This practice is shown to be valuable to stabilizing a new project as well as a continuous improvement forum for a stable project. It also incurs a lower overhead than existing alternative reflection practices

关键词： Programming Optical reflection Educational technology Large-scale systems computer science education computer science computer industry Continuous improvement Protocols Eyes

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Reduct Generation and Classification of Gene Expression Data

Reduct Generation and Classification of Gene Expression Data

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International Conference on Hybrid Information technology, ICHIT

作者： Bashirahamad F. Momin Sushmita Mitra Rana Datta Gupta Department of Computer Science and Engineering Walchand College of Engineering and Technology Sangli India Machine Intelligence Unit Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Jadavpur University Kolkata India

Identification of gene subsets responsible for discerning between available samples of gene microarray data is an important task in bioinformatics. Due to the large number of genes in samples, there is an exponentially large search space of solutions. The main challenge is to reduce or remove the redundant genes, without affecting discernibility between objects. Reducts, from rough set theory, correspond to a minimal subset of essential genes. We present an algorithm for generating reducts from gene microarray data. It proceeds by preprocessing gene expression data, discretization of real value attributes into categorical followed by positive region based approach for reduct generation. For comparison, different approaches for reduct generation have also been discussed. Results on benchmark gene expression datasets demonstrate more than 90% reduction of redundant genes

关键词： Gene expression Bioinformatics Rough sets Information systems computer science Data engineering Set theory Educational institutions Machine intelligence Uncertainty

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A Method for Fetal Heart Rate Extraction Based on Time-Frequency Analysis

A Method for Fetal Heart Rate Extraction Based on Time-Frequ...

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Annual IEEE Symposium on computer-Based Medical Systems

作者： E.C. Karvounis M.G. Tsipouras D.I. Fotiadis K.K. Naka Department of Material Science and Engineering University of Ioannina (UoI) Ioannina Greece Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems Department of Computer Science University of Ioannina (UoI) Ioannina Greece Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems Department of Computer science University of Ioannina (UoI) Ioannina Greece Department of Cardiology Medical School University of Ioannina (UoI) Ioannina Greece

A three-stage method for fetal heart rate extraction, from abdominal ECG recordings, is proposed. In the first stage the maternal R-peaks and fiducial points (QRS onset and offset) are detected, using time-frequency analysis, and the maternal QRS complexes are eliminated. The second stage locates the positions of the candidate fetal R-peaks, using complex wavelets and pattern matching theory techniques. In the third stage, the fetal R-peaks that overlap with the maternal QRS complexes are found. The method is validated using a dataset of 4 long duration recordings and the obtained results indicate high detection ability of the method (96% accuracy)

关键词： Fetal heart rate Time frequency analysis Continuous wavelet transforms Materials science and technology Electrocardiography Pattern matching Source separation Independent component analysis Data mining Intelligent systems

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