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6th International Conference on Computing and Informatics, ICCI 2024

作者： Elbagoury, Bassant M. Maskeliuans, Rytis Zaghow, Marwa Kamel, Nabil Faculty of Computer and Information Sciences Ain Shams University Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Programs Egypt Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering King Salman International University KSIU Egypt Kaunas University of Technology Faculty of Informatics Department of Multimedia Engineering Lithuania Dell Technologies EMEA Egypt

ISBN: (纸本)9798350373875

Artificial intelligence technologies for the mobile health and smart hospitals are important, by applying predictive Analytics and Deep Learning algorithms and developing new models. The main objective is applying artificial Intelligence methods in the medical field, especially for heart/brain stroke diseases diagnosis and prediction for emergency patients' cases. Thus, to save patients' lives, also through the integration with IoT and wearable technologies, which are integrated with AI and DL algorithms that help to make sense of bio signals predictive analytics such as biomedical sensors processing. and complex diseases predictions and early detection like heart and stroke diseases. Also dealing with EMG sensors for stroke prediction. Moreover, Intelligent Mobile Health based on our previously introduced project of AI smart hospital and Mobile AI stroke prediction system for connected health and stroke emergencies. In this paper, a new deep learning model has been built and tested for Stroke EMG signal prediction by modifying the Inception-v3 architecture and other deep learning models. Also, this paper compares current results of Mobile AI health Inception model with our previous developed Mobile AI stroke engine that depends on hybrid LSTM deep learning for EMG signals prediction. Both models have achieved high accuracies. Moreover, the inception model is more stable and higher average accuracies that reaches 98%. Moreover, AI research and future industry implementations for Generative AI Dell Technologies servers is discussed. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Learning systems

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Implementation and Performance Evaluation of Collective Communications Using CIRCUS on Multiple FPGAs

Implementation and Performance Evaluation of Collective Comm...

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2023 International Conference on High Performance Computing in Asia-Pacific Region Workshops, HPC Asia 2023

作者： Kikuchi, Kohei Fujita, Norihisa Kobayashi, Ryohei Boku, Taisuke Master's Program in Computer Science Degree Programs in Systems and Information Engineering Graduate School of Science and Technology University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan Center for Computational Sciences University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781450399890

In the high-performance computing domain, Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is a novel accelerator that exhibits high flexibility and performance characteristics distinct from other accelerators such as the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU). Recent advanced high-end FPGA is equipped with multiple channels of high speed optical link up to 100Gbps performance for each. This is a crucial feature when we construct PC clusters with FPGAs as accelerators, however it is not easy to utilize from user kernels because this feature is implemented in low level and simple direct communication between neighboring FPGAs. In order to provide the communication feature between FPGAs for accelerated PC clusters, we developed a communication system named CIRCUS which implies a user-friendly API from OpenCL and is equipped with routing function over multi-hop communication on multi-dimensional torus network of FPGAs. However, current CIRCUS only provides a point-to-point communication between source and destination FPGAs. In ordinary parallel processing environment such as MPI, the user program the message passing with various collective communication functions for parallel algorithm, for instance Allreduce, Allgather, etc. In this paper, we implement the collective communication function over CIRCUS for user-friendly programming of ordinary parallel algorithms on FPGAs. As the first target, we implement Allreduce function which is the most essential and important function. The paper describes the CIRCUS system briefly followed by the design, implementation and preliminary performance evaluation on Intel Stratix10 FPGAs. © 2023 ACM.

关键词： Field programmable gate arrays (FPGA)

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Preliminary Evaluation of Kyokko for Inter-FPGA Communication Framework CIRCUS

Preliminary Evaluation of Kyokko for Inter-FPGA Communicatio...

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IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing Workshops and Posters (CLUSTER WORKSHOPS)

作者： Kaito Kitazume Norihisa Fujita Ryohei Kobayashi Taisuke Boku Master's Program in Computer Science Degree Programs in Systems and Information Engineering Graduate School of Science and Technology University of Tsukuba Center for Computational Sciences University of Tsukuba

In recent years, Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are gaining attention as computational acceleration devices in the field of high-performance computing. By implementing specialized circuits that can be customiz... 详细信息

ISBN: (数字)9798350383454

ISBN: (纸本)9798350383461

关键词： Conferences High performance computing Circuits Cluster computing Low latency communication Field programmable gate arrays

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Comparative Analysis of COVID-19 Detection Methods Based on Neural Network

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computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第7期76卷 1127-1150页

作者： Inès Hilali-Jaghdam Azhari A Elhag Anis Ben Ishak Bushra M.Elamin Elnaim Omer Eltag Mohammed Elhag Feda Muhammed Abuhaimed S.Abdel-Khalek Computer Sciences and Information Technology Programs Applied CollegePrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia Department of Mathematics and Statistics College of ScienceTaif UniversityP.O.Box 11099Taif21944Saudi Arabia Department of Quantitative Methods Higher Institute of ManagementUniversity of Tunis1073Tunisia Department of Computer Science College of Science and Humanities in Al-SulailPrince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl KharjSaudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Faculty of Science and ArtsKing Khalid UniversityAbha61421Saudi Arabia Department of Mathematics Faculty of ScienceSohag UniversitySohagEgypt

In 2019,the novel coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)ravaged the *** of July 2021,there are about 192 million infected people worldwide and 4.1365 million *** present,the new coronavirus is still spreading and circulating in many places around the world,especially since the emergence of Delta variant strains has increased the risk of the COVID-19 pandemic *** symptoms of COVID-19 are diverse,and most patients have mild symptoms,with fever,dry cough,and fatigue as the main manifestations,and about 15.7%to 32.0%of patients will develop severe *** are screened in hospitals or primary care clinics as the initial step in the therapy for *** transcription-polymerase chain reaction(PCR)tests are still the primary method for making the final diagnosis,in hospitals today,the election protocol is based on medical imaging because it is quick and easy to use,which enables doctors to diagnose illnesses and their effects more *** to this approach,individuals who are thought to have COVID-19 first undergo an X-ray session and then,if further information is required,a CT-scan *** methodology has led to a significant increase in the use of computed tomography scans(CT scans)and X-ray pictures in the clinic as substitute diagnostic methods for identifying *** provide a significant collection of various datasets and methods used to diagnose COVID-19,this paper provides a comparative study of various state-of-the-art *** impact of medical imaging techniques on COVID-19 is also discussed.

关键词： Neural networks frameworks intelligent systems COVID-19 CT

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A Novel Inception Deep Learning Model for Mobile AI Stroke Prediction System: AI Research and Industry Perspectives for Connected Health

A Novel Inception Deep Learning Model for Mobile AI Stroke P...

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Computing and Informatics (ICCI), International Conference on

作者： Bassant M. Elbagoury Rytis Maskeliuans Marwa Zaghow Nabil Kamel Faculty of Computer and Information Sciences Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering Ain Shams University Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Programs King Salman International University KSIU Department of Multimedia Engineering Faculty of Informatics Kaunas University of Technology Lithuania Sales Business and Services Transformation Dell technologies EMEA Egypt Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Programs Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering King Salma International university KSIU

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A Web-Based Zakat Recipient Determination System using the Naïve Bayes Algorithm 5

A Web-Based Zakat Recipient Determination System using the N...

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5th IEEE International Conference on computer and Informatics Engineering, IC2IE 2022

作者： Kurniawan, Rahmad Nurkholis Ahmad Nazri, Mohd Zakree Lestari, Fitra Salambue, Roni Sukamto Universitas Riau Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Department of Computer Science Pekanbaru Indonesia Graduate Programs Universitas Putra Indonesia 'YPTK' Padang Department of Computer Science Padang Indonesia Faculty of Information Science and Technology Selangor Bangi Malaysia Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau Department of Industrial Engineering Pekanbaru Indonesia

ISBN: (数字)9781665453387

ISBN: (纸本)9781665453387

As the third pillar of Islam, zakat must be fulfilled by Muslims who have met the requirements of Islamic law. In Indonesia, zakat is managed by by the National Amil Zakat Agency (BAZNAS). BAZNAS is obliged to distribute zakat to eligible people who call in Islamic is Mustahiq to receive zakat according to the applicable category rules. Mustahiq (beneficiaries) are groups entitled to receive zakat according to the priority scale arranged in the Zakat program. As a case study, BAZNAS in Pekanbaru city determines the recipient of zakat manually by interviewing each candidate. Factors influencing decisions, such as feelings, emotions, sentiments, and moods, can lead to wrong decisions. Human weakness contrasts with the advantages of artificial intelligence. Therefore, this study aimed to design and build a web-based application system to determine the category of the recipient of zakat automatically and quickly using the Naïve Bayes algorithm. A total of 3222 data in 2015-2017 were obtained in BAZNAS Pekanbaru for training data. Based on the experimental testing results, the highest accuracy was 93.7%, and F-measure was 96.7% in 80% of training data. Based on the test results, it can be concluded that web-based applications using the Naïve Bayes method has the potential to be used in determining the recipient of zakat in BAZNAS Pekanbaru. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Websites

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Evaluation of Trade-Off Between Compression Ratio and Hardware Cost for Adaptive Bandwidth Compression Hardware Platform

Evaluation of Trade-Off Between Compression Ratio and Hardwa...

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IEEE Cool Chips

作者： Tomohiro Ueno Kaito Kitazume Masato Kiyama Kazutomo Yoshii Kento Sato Norihisa Fujita Ryohei Kobayashi Taisuke Boku Kentaro Sano Center for Computational Science Riken Kobe Japan Degree Programs in Systems and Information Engineering University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan Mathematics and Computer Science Argonne National Laboratory Lemont IL USA Center for Computational Sciences University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan Supercomputing Research Center Institute of Integrated Research Institute of Science Tokyo Kanagawa Japan

ISBN: (数字)9798331534844

ISBN: (纸本)9798331534851

Hardware-based, high-throughput data compression is a promising approach to reduce data movement costs in largescale systems and networks, thereby improving overall performance and power efficiency. However, since a data compression algorithm is only effective if it is suitable for the characteristics of the target data, data compression hardware with a fixed algorithm is unrealistic for use in general-purpose environments. To address this challenge, we have been researching adaptive bandwidth compression (ABC) hardware that flexibly provides an effective algorithm depending on the input data. This paper presents the design and the Chisel-based implementation of the ABC hardware platform for encoding compressed data and generating output blocks, as well as introducing a quantization parameter to reduce the circuit area. Our evaluation shows that the proposed quantization parameter can not only reduce the hardware cost, but also control the trade-off between the effective compression ratio and the hardware cost. In addition, based on the evaluation results, we discuss the design optimization of the ABC hardware platform.

关键词： Performance evaluation Costs Quantization (signal) Data compression Bandwidth Hardware Space exploration Resource management Compression algorithms Field programmable gate arrays

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Stigma receptors control intraspecies and interspecies barriers in Brassicaceae (vol 614, pg 303,2023)

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NATURE 2023年第7952期615卷 E20-E20页

作者： Huang, Jiabao Yang, Lin Yang, Liu Wu, Xiaoyu Cui, Xiaoshuang Zhang, Lili Hui, Jiyun Zhao, Yumei Yang, Hongmin Liu, Shangjia Xu, Quanling Pang, Maoxuan Guo, Xinping Cao, Yunyun Chen, Yu Ren, Xinru Lv, Jinzhi Yu, Jianqiang Ding, Junyi Xu, Gang Wang, Nian Wei, Xiaochun Lin, Qinghui Yuan, Yuxiang Zhang, Xiaowei Ma, Chaozhi Dai, Cheng Wang, Pengwei Wang, Yongchao Cheng, Fei Zeng, Weiqing Palanivelu, Ravishankar Wu, Hen-Ming Zhang, Xiansheng Cheung, Alice Y. Duan, Qiaohong State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology Shandong Agricultural University Tai’an China College of Horticulture Science and Engineering Shandong Agricultural University Tai’an China Institute of Horticulture Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Zhengzhou China Computer Network Information Centre Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China Shandong Yiyi Agricultural Science and Technology Co. Ltd Tai’an China College of Horticulture Qingdao Agricultural University Qingdao China International Flavors & Fragrances Wilmington DE USA School of Plant Sciences University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Molecular Cell Biology and Plant Biology Programs University of Massachusetts Amherst MA USA

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Changing life expectancy in European countries 1990–2021: a subanalysis of causes and risk factors from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

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The Lancet Public Health 2025年第3期10卷 e172-e188页

作者： Steel, Nicholas Bauer-Staeb, Clarissa Maria Mercedes Ford, John A. Abbafati, Cristiana Abdalla, Mohammed Altigani Abdelkader, Atef Abdi, Parsa Zuñiga, Roberto Ariel Abeldaño Abiodun, Olugbenga Olusola Abolhassani, Hassan Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Abukhadijah, Hana J. Abu-Zaid, Ahmed Addo, Isaac Yeboah Addolorato, Giovanni Adekanmbi, Victor Adetunji, Juliana Bunmi Adeyeoluwa, Temitayo Esther Agardh, Emilie E. Agyemang-Duah, Williams Ahmad, Danish Ahmed, Ayman Ahmed, Syed Anees Akinosoglou, Karolina Akkaif, Mohammed Ahmed Al Awaidy, Salah Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz Al Zaabi, Omar Ali Mohammed Aldridge, Robert W. Algammal, Abdelazeem M. Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Saeed Ali, Abid Ali, Mohammed Usman Ali, Syed Shujait Ali, Waad Alicandro, Gianfranco Alif, Sheikh Mohammad Al-Jumaily, Adel Allebeck, Peter Alrawashdeh, Ahmad Al-Rifai, Rami H. Alsabri, Mohammed A. Alshahrani, Najim Z. Aluh, Deborah Oyine Al-Wardat, Mohammad Al-Zyoud, Walid A. Amiri, Sohrab Anderlini, Deanna Andrei, Catalina Liliana Anil, Abhishek Anvari, Saeid Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw Aquilano, Michele Arabloo, Jalal Arafat, Mosab Areda, Demelash Aremu, Abdulfatai Armani, Keivan Armocida, Benedetta Ärnlöv, Johan Asaduzzaman, Muhammad Astell-Burt, Thomas Aujayeb, Avinash Ausloos, Marcel Azadnajafabad, Sina Aziz, Shahkaar Azzam, Ahmed Y. Babu, Giridhara Rathnaiah Badache, Andreea Corina Badiye, Ashish D. Bahramian, Saeed Baig, Atif Amin Baker, Jennifer L. Bansal, Hansi Bärnighausen, Till Winfried Barone, Mark Thomaz Ugliara Barrow, Amadou Barteit, Sandra Bashir, Shahid Bashiru, Hameed Akande Basso, João Diogo Bastan, Mohammad-Mahdi Basu, Sanjay Batra, Kavita Bauckneht, Matteo Baune, Bernhard T. Beghi, Massimiliano Beiranvand, Maryam Béjot, Yannick Bell, Michelle L. Bello, Olorunjuwon Omolaja Belo, Luis Beloukas, Apostolos Beneke, Alice A. Bettencourt, Paulo J.G. Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhala, Neeraj Bhaskar, Sonu Bisulli, Francesca Bjørge, Tone Bodunrin, Aadam Olalekan Carvajal, Alejandro Botero Bouaoud, Souad Brayne, Carol Brenner, H Department of Primary Care and Public Health University of East Anglia Norwich United Kingdom Office for Health Improvement and Disparities Department of Health and Social Care London United Kingdom Department of Legal and Economic Studies La Sapienza University Rome Italy Rome Italy Hull York Medical School University of Hull Hull United Kingdom Department of Mathematics and Sciences Ajman University Ajman United Arab Emirates Department of Medicine Memorial University St. John's NL Canada Postgraduate Department University of Sierra Sur Miahuatlan de Porfirio Diaz Mexico Yhteiskuntadatatieteen keskus (Centre for Social Data Science) Helsinki Finland Department of Internal Medicine Federal Medical Centre Abuja Nigeria Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics Karolinska Institutet (Karolinska Institute) Stockholm Sweden Department of Clinical Sciences University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy University of Jordan Amman Jordan Medical Research Center Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Alfaisal University Riyadh Saudi Arabia College of Graduate Health Sciences University of Tennessee Memphis TN United States School of Medicine Sydney NSW Australia Centre for Social Research in Health University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia Internal Medicine and Alcohol Related Disease Unit Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS Rome Italy Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences Università Cattolica di Roma (Catholic University of Rome) Rome Italy Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston TX United States Department of Biochemistry Osun State University Osogbo Nigeria Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics University of Medical Sciences Ondo Ondo Nigeria Department of Veteri

Background: Decades of steady improvements in life expectancy in Europe slowed down from around 2011, well before the COVID-19 pandemic, for reasons which remain disputed. We aimed to assess how changes in risk factors and cause-specific death rates in different European countries related to changes in life expectancy in those countries before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We used data and methods from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021 to compare changes in life expectancy at birth, causes of death, and population exposure to risk factors in 16 European Economic Area countries (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, and Sweden) and the four UK nations (England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales) for three time periods: 1990–2011, 2011–19, and 2019–21. Changes in life expectancy and causes of death were estimated with an established life expectancy cause-specific decomposition method, and compared with summary exposure values of risk factors for the major causes of death influencing life expectancy. Findings: All countries showed mean annual improvements in life expectancy in both 1990–2011 (overall mean 0·23 years [95% uncertainty interval [UI] 0·23 to 0·24]) and 2011–19 (overall mean 0·15 years [0·13 to 0·16]). The rate of improvement was lower in 2011–19 than in 1990–2011 in all countries except for Norway, where the mean annual increase in life expectancy rose from 0·21 years (95% UI 0·20 to 0·22) in 1990–2011 to 0·23 years (0·21 to 0·26) in 2011–19 (difference of 0·03 years). In other countries, the difference in mean annual improvement between these periods ranged from –0·01 years in Iceland (0·19 years [95% UI 0·16 to 0·21] vs 0·18 years [0·09 to 0·26]), to –0·18 years in England (0·25 years [0·24 to 0·25] vs 0·07 years [0·06 to 0·08]). In 2019–21, there was an overall decrease in mean annual life expectancy a

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The overlapping burden of the three leading causes of disability and death in sub-Saharan African children

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Nature Communications 2022年第1期13卷 1-14页

作者： Reiner, Robert C. Welgan, Catherine A. Troeger, Christopher E. Baumann, Mathew M. Weiss, Daniel J. Deshpande, Aniruddha Blacker, Brigette F. Miller-Petrie, Molly K. Earl, Lucas Bhatt, Samir Abolhassani, Hassan Abosetugn, Akine Eshete Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Adekanmbi, Victor Adetokunboh, Olatunji O. Aghaali, Mohammad Aji, Budi Alahdab, Fares Al-Aly, Ziyad Alhassan, Robert Kaba Ali, Saqib Alizade, Hesam Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Almasi-Hashiani, Amir Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M. Altirkawi, Khalid A. Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Amare, Azmeraw T. Amini, Saeed Amugsi, Dickson A. Ancuceanu, Robert Andrei, Catalina Liliana Ansari, Fereshteh Anvari, Davood Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw Arabloo, Jalal Aremu, Olatunde Atout, Maha Moh’d Wahbi Ausloos, Marcel Ausloos, Floriane Ayanore, Martin Amogre Aynalem, Yared Asmare Azene, Zelalem Nigussie Badawi, Alaa Baig, Atif Amin Banach, Maciej Bedi, Neeraj Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhandari, Dinesh Bhardwaj, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhattacharyya, Krittika Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. Bijani, Ali Birhanu, Tesega Tesega Mengistu Bitew, Zebenay Workneh Boloor, Archith Brady, Oliver J. Butt, Zahid A. Car, Josip Carvalho, Felix Casey, Daniel C. Chattu, Vijay Kumar Chowdhury, Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir Chu, Dinh-Toi Coelho, Camila H. Cook, Aubrey J. Damiani, Giovanni Daoud, Farah Gela, Jiregna Darega Darwish, Amira Hamed Daryani, Ahmad Das, Jai K. Davis Weaver, Nicole Deribe, Kebede Desalew, Assefa Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda Dianatinasab, Mostafa Diaz, Daniel Djalalinia, Shirin Dorostkar, Fariba Dubljanin, Eleonora Duko, Bereket Dwyer-Lindgren, Laura Effiong, Andem El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa El Tantawi, Maha Enany, Shymaa Fattahi, Nazir Feigin, Valery L. Fernandes, Eduarda Ferrara, Pietro Fischer, Florian Foigt, Nataliya A. Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin Foroutan, Masoud Frostad, Joseph Jon Fukumoto, Takeshi Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji Gebrekrstos, Hailemikael Gebrekidan G. K. Gebremeskel, Leake Gebreslassie, Assefa Ayalew Gething, Peter W. Gezae, Kebede Embaye Ghadiri, Keyghobad Ghashghaee, Ahmad Golechha, Mahaveer Gubar Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Malaria Atlas Project University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Imperial College London London United Kingdom Department of Laboratory Medicine Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge Sweden Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Public Health Debre Berhan University Debre Berhan Ethiopia Department of Clinical Sciences University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Population Health Sciences King’s College London London United Kingdom Centre of Excellence for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch South Africa Department of Global Health Stellenbosch University Cape Town South Africa Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Qom University of Medical Sciences Qom Iran Faculty of Medicine and Public Health Jenderal Soedirman University Purwokerto Indonesia Mayo Evidence-based Practice Center Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research Rochester MN United States John T. Milliken Department of Internal Medicine Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO United States Clinical Epidemiology Center Department of Veterans Affairs St Louis MO United States Institute of Health Research University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Ghana Department of Information Systems College of Economics and Political Science Sultan Qaboos University Muscat Oman Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences Bandar Abbas Iran Department of Health Policy and Management Kuwait University Safat Kuwait International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding National University of Malaysia Bandar Tun Razak Malaysia Department of Epidemiology Arak University of Medical Sciences Arak Iran Medical Research Center

Despite substantial declines since 2000, lower respiratory infections (LRIs), diarrhoeal diseases, and malaria remain among the leading causes of nonfatal and fatal disease burden for children under 5 years of age (under 5), primarily in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The spatial burden of each of these diseases has been estimated subnationally across SSA, yet no prior analyses have examined the pattern of their combined burden. Here we synthesise subnational estimates of the burden of LRIs, diarrhoea, and malaria in children under-5 from 2000 to 2017 for 43 sub-Saharan countries. Some units faced a relatively equal burden from each of the three diseases, while others had one or two dominant sources of unit-level burden, with no consistent pattern geographically across the entire subcontinent. Using a subnational counterfactual analysis, we show that nearly 300 million DALYs could have been averted since 2000 by raising all units to their national average. Our findings are directly relevant for decision-makers in determining which and targeting where the most appropriate interventions are for increasing child survival. © 2022, The Author(s).

关键词： Biogeography Epidemiology Infectious diseases Malaria

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