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Crowd dynamics analysis and behavior recognition in surveillance videos based on deep learning

Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年 1-35页

作者： Ilyas, Anum Bawany, Narmeen Center for Computing Research Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Jinnah University for Women Karachi Pakistan

Video surveillance is widely adopted across various sectors for purposes such as law enforcement, COVID-19 isolation monitoring, and analyzing crowds for potential threats like flash mobs or violence. The vast amount of data generated daily from surveillance devices holds significant potential but requires effective analysis to extract value. Detecting anomalous crowd behavior, which can lead to chaos and casualties, is particularly challenging in video surveillance due to its labor-intensive nature and susceptibility to errors. To address these challenges, this research contributes in two key areas: first, by creating a diverse and representative video dataset that accurately reflects real-world crowd dynamics across eight different categories;second, by developing a reliable framework, ‘CRAB-NET,’ for automated behavior recognition. Extensive experimentation and evaluation, using Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory networks (ConvLSTM) and Long-Term Recurrent Convolutional Networks (LRCN), validated the effectiveness of the proposed approach in accurately categorizing behaviors observed in surveillance videos. The employed models were able to achieve the accuracy score of 99.46% for celebratory crowd, 99.98% for formal crowd and 96.69% for violent crowd. The demonstrated accuracy of 97.20% for comprehensive dataset achieved by the LRCN underscores its potential to revolutionize crowd behavior analysis. It ensures safer mass gatherings and more effective security interventions. Incorporating AI-powered crowd behavior recognition like ‘CRAB-NET’ into security measures not only safeguards public gatherings but also paves the way for proactive event management and predictive safety strategies. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Shellfish

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Identification of software Bugs by Analyzing Natural Language-Based Requirements Using Optimized Deep Learning Features

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第3期78卷 4379-4397页

作者： Qazi Mazhar ul Haq Fahim Arif Khursheed Aurangzeb Noor ul Ain Javed Ali Khan Saddaf Rubab Muhammad Shahid Anwar Department of Computer Science and Engineering and International Bachelor’s Program in Informatics Yuan Ze UniversityZhongliTaoyuan320315Taiwan Department of Computer Science National University of PakistanRawalpindiPunjab46000Pakistan Department of Computer Software Engineering MCSNational University of Sciences and TechnologyIslamabad44000Pakistan Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 51178Riyadh11543Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science School of PhysicsEngineering and Computer ScienceUniversity of HertfordshireHatfieldAL109ABUK Department of Computer Engineering College of Computing and InformaticsUniversity of SharjahSharjah27272United Arab Emirates Department of AI and Software Gachon UniversitySeongnam-SI13120South Korea

software project outcomes heavily depend on natural language requirements,often causing diverse interpretations and issues like ambiguities and incomplete or faulty *** are exploring machine learning to predict software bugs,but a more precise and general approach is *** bug prediction is crucial for software evolution and user training,prompting an investigation into deep and ensemble learning ***,these studies are not generalized and efficient when extended to other ***,this paper proposed a hybrid approach combining multiple techniques to explore their effectiveness on bug identification *** methods involved feature selection,which is used to reduce the dimensionality and redundancy of features and select only the relevant ones;transfer learning is used to train and test the model on different datasets to analyze how much of the learning is passed to other datasets,and ensemble method is utilized to explore the increase in performance upon combining multiple classifiers in a *** National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA)and four Promise datasets are used in the study,showing an increase in the model’s performance by providing better Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve(AUC-ROC)values when different classifiers were *** reveals that using an amalgam of techniques such as those used in this study,feature selection,transfer learning,and ensemble methods prove helpful in optimizing the software bug prediction models and providing high-performing,useful end mode.

关键词： Natural language processing software bug prediction transfer learning ensemble learning feature selection

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Design and implementation of vehicle type recognition system based on language large model 6

Design and implementation of vehicle type recognition system...

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6th International Conference on Internet of Things, Automation and Artificial Intelligence, IoTAAI 2024

作者： Liu, Xiang Zhang, Yikuan Software Engineering Institute of GuangZhou Computer Science Department Guangzhou China Software Engineering Institute of GuangZhou Department of Electronics Guangzhou China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350386974

Using large language model to generate vehicle type recognition algorithm can reduce the burden of developers and realize the rapid development of projects. In this paper, LangChain large model interface provided by Baidu Qianfan large-scale platform is used to realize the auxiliary development of vehicle type recognition. With the support of large model, the training and testing model of vehicle type recognition is constructed by using deep learning method, and the fine-grained vehicle image classification and recognition system is realized. At present, the ResNet50 Enhance MEAL2 model is used for classification recognition, supporting 1748 types of vehicle classification and recognition. In the Car-Dataset of vehicle data, the Accuracy of the training set is about 95.9%, and the Accuracy of the test set is about 84.3%. The backbone network can support Googlenet. ResNet [18, 34, 50], Inception-v3, Mobilenet-v2 and other common models. The use of language large model in this project improves the efficiency of development. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Segmentation of Head and Neck Tumors Using Dual PET/CT Imaging:Comparative Analysis of 2D,2.5D,and 3D Approaches Using UNet Transformer

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computer Modeling in engineering & Sciences 2024年第12期141卷 2351-2373页

作者： Mohammed A.Mahdi Shahanawaj Ahamad Sawsan A.Saad Alaa Dafhalla Alawi Alqushaibi Rizwan Qureshi Information and Computer Science Department College of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Ha’ilHa’il55476Saudi Arabia Software Engineering Department College of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Ha’ilHa’il55476Saudi Arabia Computer Engineering Department College of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Ha’ilHa’il55476Saudi Arabia Department of Computer and Information Sciences Universiti Teknologi PetronasSeri Iskandar32610Malaysia Center for Research in Computer Vision(CRCV) University of Central FloridaOrlandoFL 32816USA

The segmentation of head and neck(H&N)tumors in dual Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomogra-phy(PET/CT)imaging is a critical task in medical imaging,providing essential information for diagnosis,treatment planning,and outcome *** by the need for more accurate and robust segmentation methods,this study addresses key research gaps in the application of deep learning techniques to multimodal medical ***,it investigates the limitations of existing 2D and 3D models in capturing complex tumor structures and proposes an innovative 2.5D UNet Transformer model as a *** primary research questions guiding this study are:(1)How can the integration of convolutional neural networks(CNNs)and transformer networks enhance segmentation accuracy in dual PET/CT imaging?(2)What are the comparative advantages of 2D,2.5D,and 3D model configurations in this context?To answer these questions,we aimed to develop and evaluate advanced deep-learning models that leverage the strengths of both CNNs and *** proposed methodology involved a comprehensive preprocessing pipeline,including normalization,contrast enhancement,and resampling,followed by segmentation using 2D,2.5D,and 3D UNet Transformer *** models were trained and tested on three diverse datasets:HeckTor2022,AutoPET2023,and *** was assessed using metrics such as Dice Similarity Coefficient,Jaccard Index,Average Surface Distance(ASD),and Relative Absolute Volume Difference(RAVD).The findings demonstrate that the 2.5D UNet Transformer model consistently outperformed the 2D and 3D models across most metrics,achieving the highest Dice and Jaccard values,indicating superior segmentation *** instance,on the HeckTor2022 dataset,the 2.5D model achieved a Dice score of 81.777 and a Jaccard index of 0.705,surpassing other model *** 3D model showed strong boundary delineation performance but exhibited variability across datasets,while the

关键词： PET/CT imaging tumor segmentation weighted fusion transformer multi-modal imaging deep learning neural networks clinical oncology

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COVID-19 Prediction Model Empowered with Fused Computational Intelligence Technique

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IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing 2025年第1期14卷 109-117页

作者： Khan, Muhammad Adnan Naseer, Iftikhar Ali, Muhammad Nadeem Kim, Byung-Seo Department of Software Faculty of Artificial Intelligence & Software Gachon University Seongnam13120 Korea Republic of Faculty of Computer Science & Information Technology The Superior University Lahore54600 Pakistan Department of Software and Communications Engineering Hongik University Sejong Campus Korea Republic of

The novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) spread rapidly around the world and caused overwhelming effects on the health and economy of the world. It first appeared in Wuhan city of China and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). Many researchers, as well as experts in clinical and artificial intelligence experts, are working together to control the rapid spread of COVID-19 with early detection. This study focused on intelligent prediction for coronavirus using computational intelligence approaches (IPC-FCIA) like convolutional neural networks, support vector machines, and fuzzy logic techniques. The proposed IPC-FCIA model is based on two sections namely the training section and the validation section. Features fusion and decision-level fusion are used in this study to enhance the performance of the recommended IPC-FCIA model. The proposed model predicts the early detection of COVID-19 in two types COVID-negative and COVID-positive. The benchmark results of the model show an accuracy of 97.66 % on decision-level fusion in the detection of COVID-19. The proposed model can be helpful for medical experts as well as COVID-19-affected patients. © 2025 Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea. All rights reserved.

关键词： COVID-19

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Design of a ML-based trust prediction model using intelligent TrustBoxes in challenged networks

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International Journal of Systems, Control and Communications 2024年第3期15卷 209-234页

作者： Barai, Smritikona Kundu, Anindita Bhaumik, Parama Department of Computer Science and Engineering Heritage Institute of Technology Kolkata India Department of Software Systems School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Tamil Nadu India Department of Information Technology Jadavpur University Kolkata India

Challenged networks (CNs) contain resource-constrained nodes deployed in regions where human intervention is difficult. Opportunistic networks (OppNets) are CNs with no predefined source-to-destination paths. Due to their inherent properties, CNs and OppNets are highly susceptible to black-hole (BH) attacks, resulting in degraded packet-delivery ratio. In this work, an ML-based trust prediction model (MLTPM) is proposed to identify potential BH nodes in OppNets. MLTPM uses a novel function to calculate the total-trust-value (TTV) of each node. Intelligent TrustBoxes are introduced in the network to identify possible BH nodes, using TTV, along with five more node-behaviour features. TrustBoxes reduce the computational overhead of the resource-constrained nodes. Three simulated scenarios are compared - no detection, non-ML-based detection, and MLTPM, each using epidemic, prophet, and spray-and-wait routing protocols. MLTPM performs best with spray-and-wait, exhibiting about 25.21% and 80% mean improvement in delivery-ratio and dropped-message numbers respectively, compared to non-ML-based detection. An overall 12.62% improvement in delivery-ratio and 26.7% improvement in dropped messages is observed using MLTPM, compared to the above-mentioned scenarios. © 2024 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

关键词： HTTP

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Systematic analysis of on-premise and cloud services

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International Journal of Cloud Computing 2024年第3期13卷 214-242页

作者： Ali, Asif Laghari, Asif Ali Kandhro, Irfan Ahmed Kumar, Kamlesh Younus, Salman Department of Computer Science Sindh Madressatul Islam University Karachi Pakistan Department of Software Engineering Sindh Madressatul Islam University Karachi Pakistan

There are two key distinctions between cloud and on-premise (OP) software, the cost for each varies and so does the level of control. As organisations explore to reduce costs, many data and rules are migrating to multiple clouds like GCP, AWS, AZURE, and so on. Cloud service providers provide the extensibility, resilience, and quickness that traditional OP deployments usually lose. This paper presents a comparative analysis of on-premise and cloud computing differs by outline, arrangement, administration, and devices for associations and clients. This comparison shows that cloud computing provides more flexible infrastructure and better service of data processing on-premise. In today’s enterprise IT world, there are many factors that a business must consider when deciding whether a cloud infrastructure is the right choice. As there are many mid-level organisations that I personally know which fails to adapt cloud solutions, instead rely on their proven legacy and on-premises applications and software to do business. Therefore, it is very challenging to decide for business, if either a cloud infrastructure is right choice or not. In this article, which have covered many areas and analyses of on-premise and cloud, which will help mid-level organisations to make the decision of choosing cloud solutions for their running business applications. Copyright © 2024 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

关键词： Cloud computing

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Real-Time Prediction Algorithm for Intelligent Edge Networks with Federated Learning-Based Modeling

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computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第11期77卷 1967-1983页

作者： Seungwoo Kang Seyha Ros Inseok Song Prohim Tam Sa Math Seokhoon Kim Department of Software Convergence Soonchunhyang UniversityAsan31538Korea Department of Telecommunication and Electronic Engineering Royal University of Phnom PenhPhnom Penh12156Cambodia Department of Computer Software Engineering Soonchunhyang UniversityAsan31538Korea

Intelligent healthcare networks represent a significant component in digital applications,where the requirements hold within quality-of-service(QoS)reliability and safeguarding *** paper addresses these requirements through the integration of enabler paradigms,including federated learning(FL),cloud/edge computing,softwaredefined/virtualized networking infrastructure,and converged prediction *** study focuses on achieving reliability and efficiency in real-time prediction models,which depend on the interaction flows and network *** response to these challenges,we introduce a modified version of federated logistic regression(FLR)that takes into account convergence latencies and the accuracy of the final FL model within healthcare *** establish the FLR framework for mission-critical healthcare applications,we provide a comprehensive workflow in this paper,introducing framework setup,iterative round communications,and model evaluation/*** optimization process delves into the formulation of loss functions and gradients within the domain of federated optimization,which concludes with the generation of service experience batches for model *** assess the practicality of our approach,we conducted experiments using a hypertension prediction model with data sourced from the 2019 annual dataset(Version 2.0.1)of the Korea Medical Panel *** metrics,including end-to-end execution delays,model drop/delivery ratios,and final model accuracies,are captured and compared between the proposed FLR framework and other baseline *** study offers an FLR framework setup for the enhancement of real-time prediction modeling within intelligent healthcare networks,addressing the critical demands of QoS reliability and privacy preservation.

关键词： Edge computing federated logistic regression intelligent healthcare networks prediction modeling privacy-aware and real-time learning

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Hybrid Mobile Cloud Computing Architecture with Load Balancing for Healthcare Systems

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computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第1期74卷 435-452页

作者： Ahyoung Lee Jui Mhatre Rupak Kumar Das Min Hong Department of Computer Science Kennesaw State UniversityMariettaGAUSA Department of Computer Science University of Minnesota DuluthDuluthMNUSA Department of Computer Software Engineering Soonchunhyang UniversityAsanKorea

Healthcare is a fundamental part of every individual’s *** healthcare industry is developing very rapidly with the help of advanced *** researchers are trying to build cloud-based healthcare applications that can be accessed by healthcare professionals from their premises,as well as by patients from their mobile devices through communication *** systems promote reliable and remote interactions between patients and healthcare ***,there are several limitations to these innovative cloud computing-based systems,namely network availability,latency,battery life and resource *** propose a hybrid mobile cloud computing(HMCC)architecture to address these ***,we also evaluate the performance of heuristic and dynamic machine learning based task scheduling and load balancing algorithms on our proposed *** compare them,to identify the strengths and weaknesses of each algorithm;and provide their comparative results,to show latency and energy consumption *** issues for cloudbased healthcare systems are discussed in detail.

关键词： Mobile cloud computing hybrid mobile cloud computing load balancing healthcare solution

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Is GPT-4 Conscious?

Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Consciousness

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Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Consciousness 2024年第1期11卷 1-16页

作者： Tait, Izak Bensemann, Joshua Wang, Ziqi Computer Science and Software Engineering Department Auckland University of Technology NAOInstitute The University of Auckland

GPT-4 (Generative Pre-Trained Transformer 4) is often heralded as a leading commercial AI offering, sparking debates over its potential as a steppingstone toward Artificial General Intelligence. But does it possess consciousness? This paper investigates this key question using the nine qualitative measurements of the Building Blocks theory. GPT-4's design, architecture, and implementation are compared to each of the building blocks of consciousness to determine whether it has achieved the requisite milestones to be classified as conscious or, if not, how close to consciousness GPT-4 is. Our assessment is that, while GPT-4 in its native configuration is not currently conscious, current technological research and development is sufficient to modify GPT-4 to have all the building blocks of consciousness. Consequently, we argue that the emergence of a conscious AI model is plausible in the near term. The paper concludes with a comprehensive discussion of the ethical implications and societal ramifications of engineering conscious AI entities. © 2024 World Scientific Publishing Company.

关键词： Artificial Intelligence Consciousness Ethics GPT-4 Philosophy of Mind Sentience

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