This work investigated the potential for the non-contact measurement of volumetric soil moisture profiles by detecting reflected VHF and UHF radio waves. The investigation included the development of an instrumentatio...
详细信息
This work investigated the potential for the non-contact measurement of volumetric soil moisture profiles by detecting reflected VHF and UHF radio waves. The investigation included the development of an instrumentation system to measure radio wave reflection coefficients, a calibration routine for such a system, a model for simulating electromagnetic reflections from layered dielectric media, and an algorithm devised to resolve layers of moisture from radio wave reflections of multiple frequencies. Field trials of the system were conducted in which measured reflection coefficients were compared with simulated results, and predicted moisture gradients were compared with actual moisture profiles. The model that simulated reflection coefficients in the frequency range of 80 MHz to 1 GHz was tested using hypothetical and existent moisture profiles. Results of simulated profiles indicated that reflection coefficients could be used to distinguish between volumetric surface moisture and could detect subsurface moisture to a depth of 45.7 cm. Reflection measurements made in the field trials indicated that linear correlation could be made with volumetric moisture in the top 15.2 cm. The profile restoration algorithm closely predicted simulated near-surface moisture but had a high failure rate predicting deep subsurface moisture. Results of the study indicated that reflection coefficients could be used to detect soil moisture at depth, but the restoration algorithm did not effectively resolve moisture layers.
This paper proposes autonomic or organic computing principles to be applied to hardware design methods for future SoC solutions. Incorporating self-calibration, fault tolerance or even self-healing concepts into integ...
详细信息
This paper proposes autonomic or organic computing principles to be applied to hardware design methods for future SoC solutions. Incorporating self-calibration, fault tolerance or even self-healing concepts into integrated circuit systems represents a major conceptual shift, which requires new design processes and tools. In the future, guarantee of functional correctness at the chip level includes self configuration of adaptable components and flexible interfaces supporting a flexible component composition within complex SoC systems
The Probability Hypothesis Density (PHD) Filter was developed as a method for tracking a time varying number of targets without data association. The first order statistical moment of the multiple target posterior dis...
详细信息
The Probability Hypothesis Density (PHD) Filter was developed as a method for tracking a time varying number of targets without data association. The first order statistical moment of the multiple target posterior distribution called the Probability Hypothesis Density which is represented by discrete samples or particles gives the expected locations of the targets. This property is used instead of the full multi-target posterior distribution as it is rcquires significantly less computation and particle tilter implementations have demonstrated lhe potential of the algorithm to be used for real-time tracking applications. In this article, an application of the Particle PHD Filler is demonstrated to track a variable number of objects in threedimensiond sonar images estimating both the number of targets and their locations. The number of targets is estimated at each iteration by computing the mass of lhe particle weights. The locations of the targets are determined by extracting peaks of the PHD which is a distinct task from the computation of the particles. Previous approaches have used the Expectation Maximisation (EM) algorithm to fit a Gaussian mixture model whose time complexity is quadratic in the number of targets which is not ideal for a real-time tracking appiication and so alternative clustering techniques are considered here. A comparison is made between the methods for the accuracy of estimation, robustness and the time taken.
The use of effective conduction-band edge method (ECBE) method for the incorporation of quantum correction potential energy in Monte Carlo (MC) simulation of ultra-thin double gate (D-G) MOSFET was discussed. The ECBE...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)0780386493
The use of effective conduction-band edge method (ECBE) method for the incorporation of quantum correction potential energy in Monte Carlo (MC) simulation of ultra-thin double gate (D-G) MOSFET was discussed. The ECBE method is using stress tensor, U, for the simulation of D-G MOSFET. The quantum correction is performed on all vertical lines from the source to the drain contacts rather than only in the region between the gates. The ECBE-U method does not impose the condition that the quantum correction potential vanishes at the mid-points of the channel, which may not be correct for ultra-thin D-G MOSFETs. In the MC simulation, the quantum correction is determined self-consistently along each transverse line in the channel.
The concept of the visual walking is proposed in this paper, which is a hybrid control of servoing the camera image feature point by the posture control and/or tracking it by the biped walking. This control includes t...
详细信息
The concept of the visual walking is proposed in this paper, which is a hybrid control of servoing the camera image feature point by the posture control and/or tracking it by the biped walking. This control includes the decision making among the environmental conditions. The control algorithm for the visual walking is presented and it is verified by several experiments.
Software is one of the most complex systems produced by humans. Software development is therefore also complex task and does not result only in production of final software but also produces many additional artifacts....
详细信息
Software is one of the most complex systems produced by humans. Software development is therefore also complex task and does not result only in production of final software but also produces many additional artifacts. To ensure quality of final product, software development process must be controlled and proper decisions have to be taken at appropriate time. To be able to make such decision tools are required that can measure intermediate results. Therefore metrics are used to determine state of the development process. Most of metrics concentrate on specific artifact at specific project phase. Those metrics give different quantities and can be hardly compared. In this paper, we present alternative metrics for measuring any software artifact in any project phase
This paper describes the safe control method on bilateral control system. The control stability in bilateral control under time variance communication delay does not always stand for operation safety. Local controller...
详细信息
This paper describes the safe control method on bilateral control system. The control stability in bilateral control under time variance communication delay does not always stand for operation safety. Local controller is needed to secure the safety when communication delay becomes large. A novel method to change over the local controller and global bilateral controller due to communication delay is suggested. At the same time, the stability of global bilateral control is also assured with the conventional stability assurance method. Experimental system that joints manipulators in Slovenia and Japan is constructed. The validity of the suggested method is shown with this experimental system.
Rapid prototyping is a fast and efficient way for the functional verification of systems-on-a-chip in an early stage of the design process. Because of the rising part of software in those systems the use and reuse of ...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)9780769520858
Rapid prototyping is a fast and efficient way for the functional verification of systems-on-a-chip in an early stage of the design process. Because of the rising part of software in those systems the use and reuse of microcontroller IP cores is necessary to keep development cycles short. Today, prototyping of such IP cores is done with large and expensive hardware emulation machines consisting of many processor or FPGA-based prototyping boards. In this paper the authors describe an alternative prototyping method for microcontrollers using one low-cost FPGA-based prototyping board. The method is based on the efficient usage of all resources of the prototyping system to emulate special parts of the microcontroller.
Smith predictor is a well-known method for compensating time delay in control systems. Therefore, it has been applied to many systems with time delay so far. However, delay time should be estimated precisely in this m...
详细信息
Smith predictor is a well-known method for compensating time delay in control systems. Therefore, it has been applied to many systems with time delay so far. However, delay time should be estimated precisely in this method. So, if time delay is fluctuant and unpredictable, like the communication delay over the Internet, performance of Smith predictor deteriorates. This paper proposes "Communication Disturbance Observer". It regards the error caused by time delay as disturbance torque (or acceleration), then it can observe and compensate the error. Furthermore, it doesn't need to estimate the value of delay time; therefore it can be applied to control systems with fluctuant and unpredictable time delay. It can be said that control system with "Communication Disturbance Observer" is robust to time delay and fluctuation of that. Effectiveness and robustness of proposed method is shown by result of simulation and experiment. In experiment, master-slave manipulator was used over the Internet. We were able to get the sense of touch from the environment of remote site.
暂无评论