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作者： Nedovic, Nikola Aleksic, Marko Oklobdzija, Vojin G. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Advanced Computer System Design Laboratory University of California Davis CA 95616 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0780370570

Conditional capture and conditional precharge techniques for high-performance flip-flops are reviewed in terms of power and delay. It is found that application of conditional techniques can improve Energy-Delay Product for up to 14% for 50% input activity and save more than 50% in power consumption for quiet input. This property makes conditional methods suitable for high-performance VLSI systems. © 2001 IEEE.

关键词： Flip flop circuits

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Supporting medical decisions with vector decision trees

Supporting medical decisions with vector decision trees

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10th World Congress on Medical Informatics, MEDINFO 2001

作者： Šprogar, Matej Kokol, Peter Zorman, Milan Podgorelec, Vili Yamamoto, Ryuichi Masuda, Gou Sakamoto, Norihiro Laboratory for System Design Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Maribor Smetanova 17 SI-2000 Maribor Slovenia Osaka Medical College Takatsuki Japan Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan

ISBN: (纸本)1586031945

The article presents the extension of a common decision tree concept to a multidimensional - vector - decision tree constructed with the help of evolutionary techniques. In contrary to the common decision tree the vector decision tree can make more than just one suggestion per input sample. It has the functionality of many separate decision trees acting on a same set of training data and answering different questions. Vector decision tree is therefore simple in its form, is easy to use and analyse and can express some relationships between decisions not visible before. To explore and test the possibilities of this concept we developed a software tool - DecRain - for building vector decision trees using the ideas of evolutionary computing. Generated vector decision trees showed good results in comparison to classical decision trees. The concept of vector decision trees can be safely and effectively used in any decision making process. © 2001 IMIA. All right reserved.

关键词： Machine learning

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Conditional techniques for low power consumption flip-flops

Conditional techniques for low power consumption flip-flops

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IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and systems (ICECS)

作者： N. Nedovic M. Aleksic V.G. Oklobdzija Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Advanced Computer System Design Laboratory University of California Davis CA USA

Conditional capture and conditional precharge techniques for high-performance flip-flops are reviewed in terms of power and delay. It is found that application of conditional techniques can improve energy-delay product for up to 14% for 50% input activity and save more than 50% in power consumption for quiet input. This property makes conditional methods suitable for high-performance VLSI systems.

关键词： Energy consumption Flip-flops Clocks Delay Very large scale integration Sampling methods Power engineering computing Laboratories Application software Cooling

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Comparison of three databases with a decision tree approach in the medical field of acute appendicitis

Comparison of three databases with a decision tree approach ...

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10th World Congress on Medical Informatics, MEDINFO 2001

作者： Zorman, Milan Eich, Hans-Peter Kokol, Peter Ohmann, Christian Laboratory for System Design Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Maribor Smeatnova 17 SI-2000 Maribor Slovenia Theoretical Surgery Unit Dept. of General and Trauma Surgery Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf Germany

ISBN: (纸本)1586031945

Decision trees have been successfully used for years in many medical decision making applications. Transparent representation of acquired knowledge and fast algorithms made decision trees one of the most often used symbolic machine learning approaches. This paper concentrates on the problem of separating acute appendicitis, which is a special problem of acute abdominal pain from other diseases that cause acute abdominal pain by use of an decision tree approach. Early and accurate diagnosing of acute appendicitis is still a difficult and challenging problem in everyday clinical routine. An important factor in the error rate is poor discrimination between acute appendicitis and other diseases that cause acute abdominal pain. This error rate is still high, despite considerable improvements in history-taking and clinical examination, computer-aided decision-support and special investigation, such as ultrasound. We investigated three different large databases with cases of acute abdominal pain to complete this task as successful as possible. The results show that the size of the database does not necessary directly influence the success of the decision tree built on it. Surprisingly we got the best results from the decision trees built on the smallest and the biggest database, where the database with medium size (relative to the other two) was not so successful. Despite that we were able to produce decision tree classifiers that were capable of producing correct decisions on test data sets with accuracy up to 84%, sensitivity to acute appendicitis up to 90%, and specificity up to 80% on the same test set. © 2001 IMIA. All right reserved.

关键词： Decision trees

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A walking pattern generation for biped robot with parallel mechanism by considering contact force

A walking pattern generation for biped robot with parallel m...

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Annual Conference of Industrial Electronics Society

作者： M. Morisawa Y. Fujimoto T. Murakami K. Ohnishi Division of Electrical and Computer Engineering Yokohama National University Yokohama Japan Department of System Design Engineering Keio University Yokohama Japan

This paper describes a walking pattern generation of a biped robot with parallel mechanism. By using the parallel mechanism, all actuators have been arranged on the upper part of the body. The biped robot, whose leg is applied to a parallel linked structure, can be composed of a lightweight leg. Furthermore, the load torque of an actuator can be distributed. Therefore, the biped robot with parallel mechanism is suitable for walking. Such a biped robot can be regarded as 3 masses, that is body and two feet. State variables of three masses are defined in inertial space and these are represented by a time polynomial equation. A walking pattern is expressed by larger order of polynomials rather than the order which decided according to boundary conditions. By representing this, the walking pattern with which an evaluation function is satisfied is generable. In this paper, the second power sum of contact force of the robot is evaluated into time polynomial equation. The proposed method is very high extendibility. These approach is that a robot can adapt itself to various environment.

关键词： Legged locomotion Parallel robots Robot kinematics Leg Actuators Polynomials Equations Forward contracts Service robots Contacts

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Digital hardware organization course for SoC program

Digital hardware organization course for SoC program

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IEEE International Conference on Microelectronic systems Education

作者： P. Ellervee H. Tenhunen Department of Computer Engineering Tallinn Technical University Estonia Electronic System Design Laboratory Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)0769511562

In this paper we describe our approach towards the second level digital techniques course suited for system-on-Chip (SoC) oriented curriculum. Due to enhanced utilization of synthesis techniques and higher level block-oriented design, new requirements for digital hardware design are set up. Our working hypothesis is that the course focus needs to be in a systematic working set based on general transformation and refinements are more important than a presentation of detailed and specific target solutions. Thus the student should master the methodology and understand the underlying principles, which will enable him or her, to utilize more effectively the advanced VHDL synthesis techniques, which are covered in the follow-up course.

关键词： Hardware Electronic mail system-on-a-chip Integrated circuit technology Logic Laboratories design engineering Integrated circuit synthesis Microelectronics Digital systems

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A 2-V CMOS 455-kHz FM/FSK demodulator using feedforward offset cancellation limiting amplifier

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IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 2001年第1期36卷 135-138页

作者： Po-Chiun Huang Yi-Huei Chen Chorng-Kuang Wang Circuit Design Engineering Division MediaTek Inc. Hsinchu Taiwan System-on-Chip Technology Center Industrial Technology and Research Institute Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering College of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan

This paper presents a low-voltage low-power IF 455-kHz signal processor that contains a three-stage limiting amplifier and an FM/FSK demodulator. The limiting amplifier uses an on-chip feedforward offset cancellation circuit. The FM/FSK demodulator employs a quadrature detector that is composed of an on-chip phase detector and an external tank phase shifter. The demodulation constant is 20 mV/kHz with masimum /spl plusmn/10-kHz frequency deviation. The IF signal processor that consumes 2.3 mW from a single 2-V power supply demonstrates a high sensitivity of -72 dBm. It occupies an active area of 0.2 mm/sup 2/ using 0.6-/spl mu/m digital CMOS technology.

关键词： Frequency shift keying Demodulation Limiting Detectors Signal processing Phase detection CMOS technology Integrated circuit technology Automatic control Communication system control

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Evolving groups of basic decision trees

Evolving groups of basic decision trees

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Annual IEEE Symposium on computer-Based Medical systems

作者： M. Sprogar P. Kokol M. Zorman V. Podgorelec L. Lhotska J. Klema Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Laboratory for System Design Maribor Slovenia Gerstner Laboratory Faculty of Electrical Enginéering Czech Technical University Prague Czech Republic

A decision tree is a good classifier with a transparent decision mechanism. Decision-tree building methods usually have problems in splitting the learning samples into more subsets, because of the nature of the tree. If the classification into such subsets is not possible, it is better to put the classification decision on to some other classifier. This leads to the introduction of a null classification, which simply means that no classification is possible in this step. This approach is sensible with evolutionary methods, as they can handle a number of trees simultaneously. In the process of construction, we have to address the problem of whether a classification is sensible. The performance of the proposed model has been tested on several data sets and the results presented on one such data set show its potential.

关键词： Decision trees Testing Classification tree analysis Medical diagnostic imaging Decision making Laboratories computer science Humans Intelligent systems Genetic algorithms

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design approach for biomedical smart sensors

Design approach for biomedical smart sensors

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Midwest Symposium on Circuits and systems (MWSCAS)

作者： R.L. Ewing H.S. Abdel-Aty-Zohdy Air Force Research Laboratory Inforamation Directorate Adjunct Professor Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Air Force Institute of Technology USA Microelectronics System Design Laboratory Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering Oakland University Rochester MI USA

ISBN: (纸本)078037150X

system-on-Chip solid state circuits that sense, receive, transmit, and process signals are the sensors, or eyes and ears, of the medical field of the millennium. The goal and design of the system-on-Chip (SOC) program for industry will be to provide affordable, reproducible, and reliable front-end instrumentation, components and subsystems for medical systems. To process/store/analyze the signals acquired from these medical sensors, analog/digital systems are used to provide data fusion and information extraction. These biomedical smart sensors cover the hybrid domains of mixed-technology (electrical, mechanical, optical, thermal, biochemical) and mixed-concept (electrical, control, digital signal processing). These significant domain design differences impose robust design challenges for medical sensor technology.

关键词： Intelligent sensors Biosensors system-on-a-chip Signal processing Sensor systems Mechanical sensors Solid state circuits Eyes Ear Instruments

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Dynamic flip-flop with improved power

Dynamic flip-flop with improved power

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IEEE International Conference on computer design: VLSI in computers and Processors, (ICCD)

作者： N. Nedovic V.G. Oklobdzija Advanced Computer System Design Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Davis CA USA

An improved design of a dynamic flip-flop is presented. The proposed design overcomes the problem of the glitch at the output and improves power-delay product for about 27%, while preserving logic embedding property. This is accomplished by equalizing the t/sub pLH/ and t/sub pHL/ of the flip-flop and careful design of keeper elements in the circuit. New design introduces insignificant area increase.

关键词： Flip-flops Delay Logic Clocks Energy consumption MOSFETs Latches Topology Power engineering computing Laboratories

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