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15th IEEE International Conference on Wireless Communications and Signal Processing, WCSP 2023

作者： Chen, Yan Yang, Jiyuan Gao, Xiqi Slock, Dirk Xia, Xiang-Gen Southeast University National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Nanjing210096 China Purple Mountain Laboratories Nanjing211111 China Eurecom Department of Communication Systems Biot06410 France University of Delaware Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering NewarkDE19716 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350324662

In this paper, we propose an information geometry approach (IGA) for signal detection in ultra-massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. We formulate the signal detection as obtaining the marginals of the a posteriori probability distribution of the transmitted symbol vector. Then, a maximization of the a posteriori marginals (MPM) for signal detection can be performed. With the information geometry theory, we calculate the approximations of the a posteriori marginals. It is formulated as an iterative m-projection process. We then apply the central-limit-theorem (CLT) to simplify the calculation of the m-projection since the direct calculation of the m-projection is of exponential-complexity. With the CLT, we obtain an approximate solution of the m-projection, which is asymptotically accurate. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed IGA is a promising and efficient method to implement the signal detector in ultra-massive MIMO systems. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Bayesian inference information geometry signal detection Ultra-massive MIMO

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Recycled silicon solar cell-derived nanostructured p-black silicon device for high performance NO₂ gas sensor applications

RSC Applied Interfaces

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RSC Applied Interfaces 2024年第1期2卷 220-229页

作者： Aleem, Mahaboobbatcha Vishnuraj, Ramakrishnan Pullithadathil, Biji Nanosensors & Clean Energy Laboratory Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience and Technology PSG Institute of Advanced Studies Coimbatore 641 India Advanced Self-Powered Systems of Integrated Sensors and Technology Center Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh 27695 NC United States Center of Excellence in Advanced Materials and Green Technologies Amrita School of Engineering Coimbatore Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham India Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Amrita School of Engineering Coimbatore Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham India

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a toxic gas that can cause respiratory problems, and sensing its presence is crucial for environmental monitoring and industrial safety. This investigation presents a novel approach towards s...

Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) is a toxic gas that can cause respiratory problems, and sensing its presence is crucial for environmental monitoring and industrial safety. This investigation presents a novel approach towards sensing NO₂ gas by utilizing partially completed/recycled silicon solar cells employing a metal-assisted etching process to fabricate a high-performance p-black-silicon based sensor. Structural and morphological analyses using X-ray diffraction patterns, Raman spectroscopy and cross sectional FESEM characterization confirm the integrity of the p-B-silicon sensor. By combining recycling techniques with advanced fabrication methods, the resulting sensor exhibits exceptional sensitivity, a low detection limit of 1 ppm, and rapid response times (12-14 s) when exposed to NO₂ gas concentrations ranging from 1 to 5 ppm. The enhanced sensitivity is attributed to the unique nanostructured comb-like morphology of the sensor material, which facilitates fast charge transport mechanisms, and a plausible sensing mechanism has been proposed and explained using a depletion model diagram and energy model diagram. This eco-friendly and cost-effective solution not only addresses electronic waste concerns but also highlights the potential of sustainable practices in scientific research. The findings emphasize on the importance of environmental consciousness and innovation, showcasing a promising future for gas sensing technology. By utilizing recycled materials and advanced fabrication techniques, this study contributes to the development of efficient, eco-friendly sensors for environmental monitoring applications, paving the way for a more sustainable and technologically advanced future in the field of gas sensors. © 2025 RSC.

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Redundant Weighted Clustered Scheme with Dynamic Weights Adjustment for Damaged S-UAV

Redundant Weighted Clustered Scheme with Dynamic Weights Adj...

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IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)

作者： Grace Khayat Constandinos X Mavromoustakis Andreas Pitsillides Jordi Mongay Batalla Evangelos K. Markakis Department of Computer Science Mobile Systems Laboratory (MoSys Lab) University of Nicosia Nicosia Cyprus Department of Computer Science University of Cyprus Cyprus Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering Science University of Johannesburg (Visiting Professor) Warsaw University of Technology Warsaw Poland Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Hellenic Mediteranean University Estavromenos Heraklion Greece

ISBN: (数字)9781728190549

ISBN: (纸本)9781728190556

Swarm of UAVs (S-UAVs) is the term used to describe an unplanned gathering of un-manned aerial vehicles (UAVs) that collaborate to complete predefined missions. Any UAV has a risk of being damaged in crisis situations like fire. Clustering is one of the most often used routing algorithms in S-UAVs. The clustering scheme divides the UAVs into clusters, with a cluster head (CH) and cluster members (CM) in each cluster. The CH plays a critical role within inter-cluster communication, and because of this, its selection is an ongoing area of study. A clustered weighted scheme with redundancy and dynamic weight adjustment is proposed in this paper. The selection of the principal CH, redundant CHs, and CMs is based on a weighted formula composed of distance, speed, and rewarding index. Whenever the primary CH is damaged, the redundant CH takes its place immediately. After the first clustering process, the proposed scheme dynamically and autonomously adjusts the weights to optimize the UAV role selection. According to the outcomes of the carried-out simulation, this is a promising scheme that reduces data loss in a crisis-case scenario and optimizes the time delay through the dynamic adjustments of the weights.

关键词： Delay effects Redundancy Clustering algorithms Routing Autonomous aerial vehicles Indexes Vehicle dynamics

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A new online field feature selection algorithm based on streaming data

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Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing 2024年第2期15卷 1365-1377页

作者： Zhang, Zhenjiang Song, Fuxing Zhang, Peng Chao, Han-Chieh Zhao, Yingsi School of Software Engineering Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing100044 China Department of Electronic and Information Engineering Key Laboratory of Communication and Information Systems Beijing Municipal Commission of Education Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing100044 China School of Information Science and Engineering Fujian University of Technology Fuzhou350118 China School of Mathematics and Computer Science Wuhan Polytechnic University Wuhan430023 China Department of Electrical Engineering National Dong Hwa University Hualien97401 Taiwan School of Economics and Management Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing100044 China

The rapid development of Internet technology derived out a massive network text data. Therefore, how to classify the massive text data efficiently has important theoretical significance and application value. In order to acquire accurate classification results, the process has been divided into two parts. In terms of text representation, this paper proposes an online field feature selection algorithm (OFFS algorithm) based on streaming data, which solves the problems of low efficiency and memory consumption of traditional feature selection algorithms. With improvements in the vector space model, the new algorithm can select the real-time feature of the data and quickly generate text vector. In the aspect of classifier design, an OFFS-BP neural network text classifier based on BP neutral network and OFFS algorithm is designed. It adapts to the distributed parallel computing, reduces the training time and balances the computation efficiency and classification accuracy. Finally based on the Spark platform, the OFFS-BP neural network classifier is implemented. The experimental results show that the OFFS-BP neural network classifier is more suitable for big data environment with less computation time and higher classification efficiency. © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018.

关键词： Neural networks

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On Shaping Gain of Multidimensional Constellation in Linear and Nonlinear Optical Fiber Channel

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Chen, Bin Liang, Zhiwei Lei, Yi Deng, JingXin Li, Shen Liga, Gabriele School of Computer Science and Information Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei China Intelligent Interconnected Systems Laboratory of Anhui Province China Department of Electrical Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Université Laval Québec Canada Department of Electrical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven Netherlands

Utilizing the multi-dimensional (MD) space for constellation shaping has been proven to be an effective approach for achieving shaping gains. Despite there exists a variety of MD modulation formats tailored for specific optical transmission scenarios, there remains a notable absence of a dependable comparison method for efficiently and promptly re-evaluating their performance in arbitrary transmission systems. In this paper, we introduce an analytical nonlinear interference (NLI) power model-based shaping gain estimation method to enable a fast performance evaluation of various MD modulation formats in coherent dual-polarization (DP) optical transmission system. In order to extend the applicability of this method to a broader set of modulation formats, we extend the established NLI model to take the 4D joint distribution into account and thus able to analyze the complex interactions of non-iid signaling in DP systems. With the help of the NLI model, we conduct a comprehensive analysis of the state-of-the-art modulation formats and investigate their actual shaping gains in two types of optical fiber communication scenarios (multi-span and single-span). The numerical simulation shows that for arbitrary modulation formats, the NLI power and relative shaping gains in terms of signal-to-noise ratio can be more accurately estimated by capturing the statistics of MD symbols. Furthermore, the proposed method further validates the effectiveness of the reported NLI-tolerant modulation format in the literature, which reveals that the linear shaping gains and modulation-dependent NLI should be jointly considered for nonlinearity mitigation. © 2024, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Optical fibers

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MaDEVIoT: Cyberattacks on EV Charging Can Disrupt Power Grid Operation

MaDEVIoT: Cyberattacks on EV Charging Can Disrupt Power Grid...

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Innovative Smart Grid Technologies (ISGT)

作者： Samrat Acharya Hafiz Anwar Ullah Khan Ramesh Karri Yury Dvorkin Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering New York University Brooklyn NY USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Department of Civil and Systems Engineering Ralph O’Connor Sustainable Energy Institute Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA

This paper examines the feasibility of demand-side cyberattacks on power grids launched via internet-connected high-power EV Charging Stations (EVCSs). By distorting power grid frequency and voltage, these attacks can trigger system-wide outages. Our case study focuses on Manhattan, New York, and reveals that such attacks will become feasible by 2030 with increased EV adoption. With a single EVCS company dominating Manhattan, compromising a single EVCS server raises serious power grid security concerns. These attacks can overload power lines and trip over-frequency (OF) protection relays, resulting in a power grid blackout. This study serves as a crucial resource for planning authorities and power grid operators involved in the EV charging infrastructure roll-out, highlighting potential cyberthreats to power grids stemming from high-power EVCSs.

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Unsupervised Congestion Status Identification Using LMP Data

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Zheng, Kedi Chen, Qixin Wang, Yi Kang, Chongqing Xie, Le The State Key Lab of Power Systems Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University China Power Systems Laboratory Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering ETH Zürich Zürich8092 Switzerland Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Texas A&M University United States

Having a better understanding of how locational marginal prices (LMPs) change helps in price forecasting and market strategy making. This paper investigates the fundamental distribution of the congestion part of LMPs in high-dimensional Euclidean space using an unsupervised approach. LMP models based on the lossless and lossy DC optimal power flow (DCOPF) are analyzed to show the overlapping subspace property of the LMP data. The congestion part of LMPs is spanned by certain row vectors of the power transfer distribution factor (PTDF) matrix, and the subspace attributes of an LMP vector uniquely are found to reflect the instantaneous congestion status of all the transmission lines. The proposed method searches for the basis vectors that span the subspaces of congestion LMP data in hierarchical ways. In the bottom-up search, the data belonging to 1-dimensional subspaces are detected, and other data are projected on the orthogonal subspaces. This procedure is repeated until all the basis vectors are found or the basis gap appears. Top-down searching is used to address the basis gap by hyperplane detection with outliers. Once all the basis vectors are detected, the congestion status can be identified. Numerical experiments based on the IEEE 30-bus system, IEEE 118-bus system, Illinois 200-bus system, and Southwest Power Pool are conducted to show the performance of the proposed method. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Vectors

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Joint Optimization for Cooperative Service-Caching, Computation-Offloading, and Resource-Allocations Over EH/MEC 6G Ultra-Dense Mobile Networks

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IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 2025年

作者： Chen, Zhian Wang, Fei Zhang, Xi Southwest University College of Electronic and Information Engineering Chongqing400715 China Texas A&M University Networking and Information Systems Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering College StationTX77843 United States

Service-caching, computation-offloading, and mobile edge-computing (MEC) have been widely recognized as three key 6G wireless technologies which can efficiently support implementing the ultra-dense networks (UDNs) with massive small-cell base stations (SBSs). But, these impose the new challenges for the UDNs to solely rely on grid power for energy supplying and to jointly optimize service-caching, computation-offloading, and resource-allocations. To overcome the above described difficulties, integrating energy-harvesting (EH) techniques with MEC-enabled 6G UDNs, we propose to develop the joint optimization schemes for cooperative service-caching, computation-offloading, and resource-allocations. In our considered UDNs, there exist a large number of EH-based stationary users (SUs) or mobile users (MUs), and a mixture of on-grid SBSs powered by electric grid and off-grid SBSs power-supplied by solar, radio frequency (RF) energy, etc. Specifically, first we formulate an energy minimization problem under a non-linear RF-energy EH model to minimize the sum of weighted energy consumption of users and off-grid SBSs. Second, for scenarios with SUs, we develop a two-timescale based joint cooperative service-caching, computation-offloading, and resource-allocations scheme using the hierarchical multi-agent deep reinforcement learning. We derive cooperative service-caching in each time frame, and then derive computation-offloading and resource-allocations in each time slot. Third, we extend our work to scenarios with MUs, where MUs can move with certain trajectories at low speeds. Finally, we validate and evaluate the performances of our proposed schemes through the extensive simulations. © 2002-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Energy utilization

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Disentangling spatio-temporal knowledge for weakly supervised object detection and segmentation in surgical video

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Liao, Guiqiu Jogan, Matjaz Koushik, Sai Eaton, Eric Hashimoto, Daniel A. Penn Computer Assisted Surgery and Outcomes Laboratory Department of Surgery University of Pennsylvania United States Department of Computer and Information Science University of Pennsylvania United States Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering University of Pennsylvania United States

Weakly supervised video object segmentation (WSVOS) enables the identification of segmentation maps without requiring extensive annotations of object masks, relying instead on coarse video labels indicating object presence. Weakly supervised semantic segmentation of objects in surgical videos is however more challenging due to a complex interaction of multiple transient objects, such as surgical tools moving in and out of the surgical field. In this scenario, state-of-the-art WSVOS methods struggle to learn accurate segmentation maps. We address this problem by introducing Video Spatio-Temporal Disentanglement Networks (VDST-Net), a framework to disentangle complex spatiotemporal object interactions using semi-decoupled knowledge distillation to predict high-quality class activation maps (CAMs). A teacher network is designed to help a temporal-reasoning student network resolve activation conflicts, as the student leverages temporal dependencies when specifics about object location and timing in the video are not provided. We demonstrate the efficacy of our framework on a challenging surgical video dataset where objects are, on average, present in less than 60% of annotated frames, and compare our method to state-of-the-art methods on surgical data and on a public dataset commonly used to benchmark WSVOS. Our method outperforms state-of-the-art techniques and generates accurate segmentation masks under video-level weak supervision. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Semantic Segmentation

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A Current-Mode Discrete-Time Analog computer for Solving Maxwell's Equations in 2D

A Current-Mode Discrete-Time Analog Computer for Solving Max...

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IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and systems (ISCAS)

作者： Jifu Liang Xinyao Tang S. I. Hariharan Arjuna Madanayake Soumyajit Mandal Department of Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Florida International University Miami FL Instrumentation Division Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton NY

This paper describes an analog CMOS IC for fast and fully-parallel finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations of 2D electromagnetic (EM) problems. The chip uses discrete-time switched-current (SI) networks to model Maxwell's equations in 2D while minimizing the effects of device mismatch on solver accuracy. A prototype design in 180 nm technology implements a $16\times 16$ solver grid within an active area of 44.5 mm 2 while consuming 345 mW at a clock frequency of 20 MHz.

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