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Towards more reliable evaluation in pedestrian detection by rethinking “ignore regions”

Visual Intelligence 2024年第1期2卷 1-13页

作者： Li, Gang Li, Xiang Zhang, Shanshan Yang, Jian Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Systems for High-Dimensional Information of Ministry of Education School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Image and Video Understanding for Social Safety School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China VCIP Nankai University Tianjing China

It remains a challenging task to detect pedestrians in crowds and it needs more efforts to understand why the detectors fail. When we perform an error analysis based on the traditional evaluation strategy, we find that it produces many misleading false positives, which in fact cover occluded pedestrians. The reason for this is that we usually have two kinds of annotations in the dataset: regular pedestrians (detection targets) labeled by full-body boxes and ignored pedestrians (NOT detection targets) labeled by visible boxes. Ignored pedestrians are labeled as an additional category termed the “ignore region”. Nevertheless, our detectors always predict a full-body box for each pedestrian. This gap results in the following case: when a detector successfully predicts a full-body box for those ignored pedestrians, a false positive is triggered due to the low overlap between the predicted full-body box and the labeled visible box for the ignored pedestrian. This becomes even more harmful as the detector improves and becomes more capable of locating occluded pedestrians. To alleviate this issue, we devise a new pedestrian detection pipeline, which considers the additional visible box at both the detection and evaluation stages. During detection, we predict an extra visible box apart from the full-body box for every instance;during evaluation, we employ visible boxes instead of full-body boxes to match the “ignore region”. We apply the new pipeline to dozens of detection methods and validate the effectiveness of our pipeline in reducing the over-reporting of false positives and providing more reliable evaluation results. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Evaluation metric Object detection Occlusion handling Pedestrian detection

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Asymptotics-Aware Multi-View Subspace Clustering

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IEEE Transactions on Multimedia 2025年 27卷 3650-3663页

作者： Xu, Yesong Chen, Shuo Li, Jun Yang, Jian Anhui Polytechnic University School of Computer and Information Wuhu241000 China RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project Tokyo103-0027 Japan Nanjing University of Science and Technology PCA Laboratory Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Systems for High-Dimensional Information of Ministry of Education Nanjing210094 China Nanjing University of Science and Technology Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Image and Video Understanding for Social Security School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing210094 China

Recently, multi-view subspace clustering has attracted extensive attention due to the rapid increase of multi-view data in many real-world applications. The main goal of this task is to learn a common representation of multiple subspaces from the given multi-view data, and most existing methods usually directly merge multiple groups of features by the single-step integration. However, there may exist large disparities among different views of the data, and thus the conventional single-step practice can hardly obtain a generally consistent feature representation for the multi-view data. To overcome this challenge, we present a novel approach dubbed "Asymptotics-Aware Multi-view Subspace Clustering (A2 MSC)"to pursue a consistent feature representation in a multi-step way, which iteratively conducts the data recovery to gradually reduce the differences between pairwise views. Specifically, we construct an asymptotic learning rule to update the feature representation, and the iteration result converges to a consistent feature vector for characterizing each instance of the original multi-view data. After that, we utilize such a new feature representation to learn a clustering-oriented similarity matrix via minimizing a self-expressive objective, and we also design the corresponding optimization algorithm to solve it with convergence guarantees. Theoretically, we prove that the learned asymptotic representation effectively integrates multiple views, thereby ensuring the effective handling of multi-view data. Empirically, extensive experimental results demonstrate the superiority of our proposed A2 MSC over the state-of-the-art multi-view subspace clustering approaches. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Data assimilation

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The Impact of Predictive Maintenance on the Performance of Industrial Enterprises

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SN computer Science 2025年第1期6卷 1-34页

作者： Er-Ratby, Mohamed Kobi, Abdessamad Sadraoui, Youssef Kadiri, Moulay Saddik LaSTI Laboratory of Science and Engineering Techniques National School of Applied Sciences of Khouribga Sultan Moulay Slimane University Khouribga Morocco LARIS Angevin Laboratory for Systems Engineering Research Polytech Angers University of Angers Angers France LIPIM Laboratory of Process Engineering Computer Science and Mathematics National School of Applied Sciences of Khouribga Sultan Moulay Slimane University Khouribga Morocco

Optimizing maintenance and enhancing the performance of businesses are significant concerns in the modern industrial world. Predictive maintenance is emerging as an innovative approach to address these challenges, allowing companies to shift from corrective maintenance to preventive maintenance. Predictive maintenance relies on the use of advanced technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Machine Learning (ML) to collect and analyse real-time data from equipment. Through this predictive analysis, it becomes possible to identify early warning signals of failures, enabling the anticipation of potential issues and the proactive planning of maintenance interventions. In this study, we will thoroughly examine the impact of predictive maintenance on the performance of businesses. We will explore the benefits and opportunities it offers in terms of reducing downtime, optimizing maintenance costs, and enhancing productivity. We will also investigate the various technologies and methods used in the implementation of predictive maintenance, along with potential challenges and best practices for successful adoption. This research focuses on studying the application of predictive maintenance within a company using data science and machine learning methods. Predictive maintenance represents an innovative approach aimed at anticipating equipment failures by leveraging real-time collected data. Through the analysis of this data using sophisticated algorithms, it becomes possible to identify early signals of potential problems and implement preventive maintenance actions before breakdowns occur. This approach not only reduces unexpected downtime but also optimizes maintenance operations by avoiding unnecessary interventions and maximizing resource utilization. The ultimate goal is to improve equipment availability, optimize operational performance, and maximize the overall yield of the company. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to S

关键词： Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) Data science Optimizing maintenance Performance indicators Predictive maintenance Production

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Developments and trends in emergency lighting systems: from energy-efficiency to zero electrical power consumption

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Life Cycle Reliability and Safety engineering 2024年第2期13卷 129-145页

作者： Abdelmoumene, Abdelkader Bentarzi, Hamid Iqbal, Atif Krama, Abdelbasset Qatar Airways Group -HIA Doha Qatar Signals and Systems Research Laboratory IGEE Boumerdes University Boumerdes Algeria Department of Electrical Engineering Qatar University Doha Qatar Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A & amp

Emergency lighting systems are an essential component of building safety infrastructure and play a critical role in ensuring the safety of people during power outages or other emergencies. As energy efficiency and environmental sustainability continue to be a focus in building design and construction, there is a growing interest in developing emergency lighting systems that not only reduce energy consumption but also operate on zero electrical power. This paper presents a comprehensive review of emergency lighting systems, with a focus on energy efficiency and zero electrical power consumption. The study first examines traditional lighting systems such as incandescent bulbs and their limitations in terms of energy consumption and efficiency. Then discusses energy-efficient options (CFLs and LED lighting), which have significantly improved energy efficiency and reduced power consumption. It also explores the latest generation of emergency lighting systems (Tritium and Photoluminescent), which have zero electrical power consumption throughout their lifetime and provide long-lasting illumination without the need for external electrical sources. Additionally, the paper presents a detailed comparative study of the energetic, environmental, economic, and life cycle assessment of the different emergency lighting technologies. The results of the study revealed that the use of Power Free emergency lighting signs not only reduces the installation and maintenance cost but also eliminates utter energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Society for Reliability and Safety (SRESA) 2024.

关键词： Emergency lighting Energy efficiency Green building Life cycle assessment Smart design Zero Electrical power

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Design Analysis and Generation of Islamic Patterns Using Artificial Intelligence 1

Design Analysis and Generation of Islamic Patterns Using Art...

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1st International Conference on Global Aeronautical engineering and Satellite Technology, GAST 2024

作者： Lahcen, Yassine Ait El Gourari, Abdelali Elbachari, Essaid Benatia, Mohamed Jamal Eddine Cadi Ayyad University Laboratory of Computer Systems Engineering Faculty of Sciences Semlalia Marrakech Morocco Cadi Ayyad University Laboratory of Physics High Energy and Astrophysics Faculty of Sciences Semlalia Marrakech Morocco

ISBN: (纸本)9798350371598

The paper aims to introduce a modeling methodology for the automated generation of novel Islamic geometric patterns using artificial intelligence tools. The main contribution is to propose a novel strategy leveraging both parametric shape grammar and graph theory to generate new dataset of Islamic arts motifs. The dataset produced will serve as input for our proposed artificial intelligence algorithm aimed at addressing the modeling problem it generates. To achieve this purpose, we should define rules to create original and new Islamic motifs using parametric shape grammar, and to evaluate our model, we build new forms using our proposed method. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Graph theory

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Smart laboratory: Building a smart laboratory environment by using AI 23

Smart laboratory: Building a smart laboratory environment by...

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6th International Conference on Networking, Intelligent systems and Security, NISS 2023

作者： Khaddor, Ranya Amrani, Mahacine Bakkali Yedri, Othman Laboratory of Valorization of Resources and Chemical Engineering Abdelmalek Essaadi University Tangier Morocco Computer Science Systems and Telecommunication Laboratory Abdelmalek Essaadi University Tangier Morocco

ISBN: (纸本)9798400700194

Nowadays, AI technologies are already revolutionizing many businesses sectors, transforming businesses and the labor market;change research and innovation practices and have a strong impact on our digital humanities. These include reflections on the role of AI in the future of education, science, culture and communication and information, and on the challenges of new forms of new models. Smart laboratories present a new challenge of application of the NTIC to reduce cost and improve the results and research quality. However, in this paper we will present the challenges of smart laboratory, related works, applications sectors. Then, we will present our vision model. Finally, we will close with a conclusion, and we will present the perspectives of future works. © 2023 ACM.

关键词： Laboratories

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A low-fabrication-temperature, high-gain chip-scale waveguide amplifier

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2022年第6期65卷 247-255页

作者： Bo WANG Peiqi ZHOU Xingjun WANG Yandong HE State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks Department of ElectronicsSchool of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science Peking University Institute of Microelectronics School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science Peking University Frontier Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics Peking University Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics Peng Cheng Laboratory

The increasing prevalence of integrated on-chip optoelectronic devices has identified serious issues regarding inter-device transmission and coupling losses, highlighting an urgent need for on-chip waveguide amplifiers to compensate for these losses. Compared with other Er-based optical materials, erbium silicate is ideally suited to high-efficiency on-chip amplifiers and lasers because of its extremely high Er3+concentration(1022cm-3). Nevertheless, erbium silicate must be annealed above 1000℃ to crystallize and activate the Er3+, which damages other on-chip optoelectronic components and is not conducive to device ***, we report a low-fabrication-temperature, high-luminescence-efficiency gain material by adding Bi2O3to an erbium-ytterbium silicate mixed film. Our experiments demonstrate that the proposed film crystallizes at 600℃ while the activation of Er3+is also achieved, which is the lowest activation temperature of on-chip waveguide amplifier to our knowledge. This material forms the basis for a new chip-scale waveguide amplifier design, with a theoretical multi-energy-level model of Bi-Er-Yb in the mixed thin films used to analyze its signal enhancement properties. We achieve a peak on-chip gain of 23 dB in a 3.3-mm-long waveguide under the pump and signal powers of 300 mW and 1 μW, respectively. These results highlight the potential of the proposed material for realizing on-chip amplifiers and lasers for large-scale nanophotonic integrated circuits.

关键词： photonic circuit integration low fabrication temperature high gain rare earth material waveguide amplifier

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Adaptive Incremental Broad Learning System Based on Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Set with Automatic Determination of Hyperparameters

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IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy systems 2025年第6期33卷 1713-1725页

作者： Wu, Haijie Lin, Weiwei Chen, Yuehong Shi, Fang Shen, Wangbo Chen, C. L. Philip South China University of Technology School of Computer Science and Engineering Guangzhou510006 China Pengcheng Laboratory Shenzhen518066 China Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University School of Mathematics and Systems Science Guangzhou510665 China South China Agricultural University College of Mathematics and Informatics Guangzhou510642 China South China University of Technology School of Computer Science and Engineering Guangzhou511442 China

The fuzzy broad learning system (FBLS) has received increasing attention due to its ability to quickly train from broad learning systems (BLS) and interpretability with fuzzy inference. However, the randomness of BLS brings instability to the training performance of the model, so the hyperparameters of the model are crucial for its performance. Currently, many FBLS use grid search to determine hyperparameters. However, grid search brings longer search time and the parameters obtained have randomness, which may not necessarily be the optimal hyperparameters. In response to these challenges, this paper proposes a fuzzy broad learning system with automatic determination of hyperparameters (ADHFBLS). We construct a novel FBLS based on the interval type-2 fuzzy set and design an incremental learning algorithm for rules and enhancement nodes to support rapid model expansion. Meanwhile, a heuristic hyperparameter automatic optimization algorithm is designed to overcome the randomness and long optimization time of grid search. Experiments have shown that ADHFBLS has higher accuracy and shorter model tuning time compared to some state-of-the-art models based on FBLS. © 1993-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Adversarial machine learning

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Learning to Branch in Combinatorial Optimization With Graph Pointer Networks

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第1期11卷 157-169页

作者： Rui Wang Zhiming Zhou Kaiwen Li Tao Zhang Ling Wang Xin Xu Xiangke Liao IEEE the Xiangjiang Laboratory and the College of Systems Engineering National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China the Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China the College of Systems Engineering National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073 the Hunan Key Laboratory of Multi-Energy System Intelligent Interconnection Technology Changsha 410073China the Department of Automation Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China the College of Intelligence Science and Technology National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China the College of Computer Science and Technology National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China

Traditional expert-designed branching rules in branch-and-bound(B&B) are static, often failing to adapt to diverse and evolving problem instances. Crafting these rules is labor-intensive, and may not scale well with complex *** the frequent need to solve varied combinatorial optimization problems, leveraging statistical learning to auto-tune B&B algorithms for specific problem classes becomes attractive. This paper proposes a graph pointer network model to learn the branch rules. Graph features, global features and historical features are designated to represent the solver state. The graph neural network processes graph features, while the pointer mechanism assimilates the global and historical features to finally determine the variable on which to branch. The model is trained to imitate the expert strong branching rule by a tailored top-k Kullback-Leibler divergence loss function. Experiments on a series of benchmark problems demonstrate that the proposed approach significantly outperforms the widely used expert-designed branching rules. It also outperforms state-of-the-art machine-learning-based branch-and-bound methods in terms of solving speed and search tree size on all the test instances. In addition, the model can generalize to unseen instances and scale to larger instances.

关键词： Branch-and-bound(B&B) combinatorial optimization deep learning graph neural network imitation learning

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Analog parallel processor for broadband multifunctional integrated system based on silicon photonic platform

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Light(Science & Applications) 2025年第3期14卷 746-756页

作者： Na Qian Defu Zhou Haowen Shu Ming Zhang Xingjun Wang Daoxin Dai Xiao Deng Weiwen Zou State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks Intelligent Microwave Lightwave Integration Innovation Center(imLic)Department of Electronic EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communications System and Networks Department of ElectronicsSchool of Electronics Engineering and Computer SciencePeking UniversityBejingChina State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation College of Optical Science and EngineeringInternational Research Center for Advanced PhotonicsZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina

Sharing the hardware platform between diverse information systems to establish full cooperation among different functionalities has attracted substantial ***,broadband multifunctional integrated systems with large operating frequency ranges are challenging due to the bandwidth and computing speed restrictions of electronic ***,we report an analog parallel processor(APP)based on the silicon photonic platform that directly discretizes and parallelizes the broadband signal in the analog *** APP first discretizes the signal with the optical frequency comb and then adopts optical dynamic phase interference to reassign the analog signal into 2N parallel *** photonic analog parallelism,data rate and data volume in each sequence are simultaneously compressed,which mitigates the requirement on each parallel computing ***,the fusion of the outputs from each computing core is equivalent to directly processing broadband *** the proof-of-concept experiment,two-channel analog parallel processing of broadband radar signals and high-speed communication signals is implemented on the single photonic integrated *** bandwidth of broadband radar signal is 6 GHz and the range resolution of 2.69 cm is *** wireless communication rate of 8 Gbit/s is also *** the bandwidth and speed limitations of the single-computing core along with further exploring the multichannel potential of this architecture,we anticipate that the proposed APP will accelerate the development of powerful optoelectronic processors as critical support for applications such as satellite networks and intelligent driving.

关键词： analog parallel processor sharing hardware platform multifunctional integrated systems establish full cooperation different functionalities analog parallel processor app based silicon photonic platform electronic circuitryherewe broadband signal

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