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Scientific discovery in the age of artificial intelligence

NATURE 2023年第7978期621卷 E33-E33页

作者： Wang, Hanchen Fu, Tianfan Du, Yuanqi Gao, Wenhao Huang, Kexin Liu, Ziming Chandak, Payal Liu, Shengchao Van Katwyk, Peter Deac, Andreea Anandkumar, Anima Bergen, Karianne Gomes, Carla P. Ho, Shirley Kohli, Pushmeet Lasenby, Joan Leskovec, Jure Liu, Tie-Yan Manrai, Arjun Marks, Debora Ramsundar, Bharath Song, Le Sun, Jimeng Tang, Jian Velickovic, Petar Welling, Max Zhang, Linfeng Coley, Connor W. Bengio, Yoshua Zitnik, Marinka Department of Engineering University of Cambridge Cambridge UK Department of Computing and Mathematical Sciences California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA USA NVIDIA Santa Clara CA USA Department of Computational Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA Department of Computer Science Cornell University Ithaca NY USA Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA Department of Computer Science Stanford University Stanford CA USA Department of Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology Cambridge MA USA Mila – Quebec AI Institute Montreal Quebec Canada Université de Montréal Montreal Quebec Canada HEC Montréal Montreal Quebec Canada CIFAR AI Chair Toronto Ontario Canada Department of Earth Environmental and Planetary Sciences Brown University Providence RI USA Data Science Institute Brown University Providence RI USA Center for Computational Astrophysics Flatiron Institute New York NY USA Department of Astrophysical Sciences Princeton University Princeton NJ USA Department of Physics Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA USA Department of Physics and Center for Data Science New York University New York NY USA Google DeepMind London UK Department of Computer Science and Technology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK Microsoft Research Beijing China Department of Biomedical Informatics Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA Harvard Data Science Initiative Cambridge MA USA Kempner Institute for the Study of Natural and Artificial Intelligence Harvard University Cambridge MA USA Department of Systems Biology Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Deep Forest Sciences Palo Alto CA USA BioMap Beijing China Mo

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Large language models for diabetes training:a prospective study

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Science Bulletin 2025年第6期70卷 934-942页

作者： Haoxuan Li Zehua Jiang Zhouyu Guan Yuqian Bao Yuexing Liu Tingting Hu Jiajia Li Ruhan Liu Liang Wu Di Cheng Hongwei Ji Yong Wang Ya-Xing Wang Carol Y.Cheung Yingfeng Zheng Jihong Wang Zhen Li Weibing Wu Cynthia Ciwei Lim Yong Mong Bee Hong Chang Tan Elif I.Ekinci David C.Klonoff Justin B.Echouffo-Tcheugui Nestoras Mathioudakis Leonor Corsino Rafael Simó Charumathi Sabanayagam Gavin Siew Wei Tan Ching-Yu Cheng Tien Yin Wong Huating Li Chun Cai Lijuan Mao Lee-Ling Lim Yih-Chung Tham Bin Sheng Weiping Jia Shanghai University of Sport Shanghai 200438China School of Clinical Medicine Beijing Tsinghua Changgung HospitalTsinghua MedicineTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Beijing Visual Science and Translational Eye Research Institute(BERI) Tsinghua MedicineTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory of Intelligent Prevention and Treatment for Metabolic Diseases Department of Computer Science and EngineeringSchool of ElectronicInformationand Electrical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityDepartment of Endocrinology and MetabolismShanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai Diabetes InstituteShanghai Clinical Center for DiabetesShanghai 200240China MoE Key Lab of Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence InstituteShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Department of Cardiology the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266011China CEMS NCMISHCMSMADISAcademy of Mathematics and Systems ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Mathematics University of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province School of Life ScienceHangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhou 310024China Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology Beijing Tongren HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key LaboratoryBeijing 100730China k.Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceGuangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesGuangzhou 510060China Department of Renal Medicine Singapore General HospitalSingHealth-Duke Academic Medical CentreSingapore169

Diabetes poses a considerable global health challenge,with varying levels of diabetes knowledge among healthcare professionals,highlighting the importance of diabetes *** Language Models(LLMs)provide new insights into diabetes training,but their performance in diabetes-related queries remains uncertain,especially outside the English language like *** first evaluated the performance of ten LLMs:ChatGPT-3.5,ChatGPT-4.0,Google Bard,LlaMA-7B,LlaMA2-7B,Baidu ERNIE Bot,Ali Tongyi Qianwen,MedGPT,HuatuoGPT,and Chinese LlaMA2-7B on diabetes-related queries,based on the Chinese National Certificate Examination for Primary Diabetes Care in China(NCE-CPDC)and the English Specialty Certificate Examination in Endocrinology and Diabetes of Membership of the Royal College of Physicians of the United ***,we assessed the training of primary care physicians(PCPs)without and with the assistance of ChatGPT-4.0 in the NCE-CPDC examination to ascertain the reliability of LLMs as medical *** found that ChatGPT-4.0 outperformed other LLMs in the English examination,achieving a passing accuracy of 62.50%,which was significantly higher than that of Google Bard,LlaMA-7B,and *** the NCE-CPFC examination,ChatGPT-4.0,Ali Tongyi Qianwen,Baidu ERNIE Bot,Google Bard,MedGPT,and ChatGPT-3.5 successfully passed,whereas LlaMA2-7B,HuatuoGPT,Chinese LLaMA2-7B,and LlaMA-7B ***-4.0(84.82%)surpassed all PCPs and assisted most PCPs in the NCE-CPDC examination(improving by 1%–6.13%).In summary,LLMs demonstrated outstanding competence for diabetes-related questions in both the Chinese and English language,and hold great potential to assist future diabetes training for physicians globally.

关键词： Diabetes Diabetestraining Largelanguagemodels Primarydiabetescare Prospectivestudy

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Data-Driven Two-Stage Framework for Identification and Characterization of Different Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolates Based on Mass Spectrometry Data

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Microbiology spectrum 2023年第3期11卷 e0347922页

作者： Chia-Ru Chung Hsin-Yao Wang Chun-Han Yao Li-Ching Wu Jang-Jih Lu Jorng-Tzong Horng Tzong-Yi Lee Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Central University Taoyuan Taiwan. Department of Laboratory Medicine Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou Taoyuan Taiwan. Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering Chang Gung University Taoyuan Taiwan. Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering National Central University Taoyuan Taiwan. College of Medicine Chang Gung University Taoyuan Taiwan. Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science Chang Gung University Taoyuan Taiwan. Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering Asia University Taichung Taiwan. Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan.

In clinical microbiology, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is frequently employed for rapid microbial identification. However, rapid identification of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Escherichia coli based on a large amount of MALDI-TOF MS data has not yet been reported. This may be because building a prediction model to cover all E. coli isolates would be challenging given the high diversity of the E. coli population. This study aimed to develop a MALDI-TOF MS-based, data-driven, two-stage framework for characterizing different AMRs in E. coli. Specifically, amoxicillin (AMC), ceftazidime (CAZ), ciprofloxacin (CIP), ceftriaxone (CRO), and cefuroxime (CXM) were used. In the first stage, we split the data into two groups based on informative peaks according to the importance of the random forest. In the second stage, prediction models were constructed using four different machine learning algorithms-logistic regression, support vector machine, random forest, and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost). The findings demonstrate that XGBoost outperformed the other four machine learning models. The values of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve were 0.62, 0.72, 0.87, 0.72, and 0.72 for AMC, CAZ, CIP, CRO, and CXM, respectively. This implies that a data-driven, two-stage framework could improve accuracy by approximately 2.8%. As a result, we developed AMR prediction models for E. coli using a data-driven two-stage framework, which is promising for assisting physicians in making decisions. Further, the analysis of informative peaks in future studies could potentially reveal new insights. Based on a large amount of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) clinical data, comprising 37,918 Escherichia coli isolates, a data-driven two-stage framework was established to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance of E. coli. Five antibiotics, including a

关键词： MALDI-TOF MS antimicrobial resistance cephalosporin cephalosporins fluoroquinolones machine learning matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry penicillin penicillins

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Airr Community Curation and Standardised Representation for Immunoglobulin and T Cell Receptor Germline Sets

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Lees, William D. Christley, Scott Peres, Ayelet Kos, Justin T. Corrie, Brian Ralph, Duncan Breden, Felix Cowell, Lindsay G. Yaari, Gur Corcoran, Martin Karlsson Hedestam, Gunilla B. Ohlin, Mats Collins, Andrew M. Watson, Corey T. Busse, Christian E. Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology Birkbeck College London United Kingdom Human-Centered Computing and Information Science Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering Technology and Science Porto Portugal Peter O’Donnell Jr School of Public Health Department of Immunology UT Southwestern Medical Center Texas United States Bioengineering Program Faculty of Engineering Bar-Ilan University Ramat Gan Israel Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics School of Medicine University of Louisville Kentucky United States Department of Biological Sciences Simon Fraser University BurnabyBC Canada Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center SeattleWA United States Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden Department of Immunotechnology Lund University Lund Sweden School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences University of New South Wales SydneyNSW Australia Division of B Cell Immunology German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg Germany

Analysis of an individual’s immunoglobulin or T cell receptor gene repertoire can provide important insights into immune function. High-quality analysis of adaptive immune receptor repertoire sequencing data depends upon accurate and relatively complete germline sets, but current sets are known to be incomplete. Established processes for the review and systematic naming of receptor germline genes and alleles require specific evidence and data types, but the discovery landscape is rapidly changing. To exploit the potential of emerging data, and to provide the field with improved state-of-the-art germline sets, an intermediate approach is needed that will allow the rapid publication of consolidated sets derived from these emerging sources. These sets must use a consistent naming scheme and allow refinement and consolidation into genes as new information emerges. Name changes should be minimised, but, where changes occur, the naming history of a sequence must be traceable. Here we outline the current issues and opportunities for the curation of germline IG/TR genes and present a forward-looking data model for building out more robust germline sets that can dovetail with current established processes and provides transparency based on principles of findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability. We describe results obtained by applying the data model and associated principles within the AIRR Community, including supporting software and databases. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Genes

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Impact of Intention to Use to a Document Management System (Case Study Approach) 3

Impact of Intention to Use to a Document Management System (...

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3rd International Conference on Information Management and Technology, ICIMTech 2018

作者： Hartono, Sugiarto Kosala, Raymondus Raymond Supangkat, Suhono Harso Ranti, Benny Information Systems Department Computer Science Department BINUS Graduate Program-Doctor of Computer Science Jakarta11480 Indonesia Computer Science Department Bina Nusantara University BINUS Graduate Program-Doctor of Computer Science Jakarta11480 Indonesia Bandung Institute of Technology School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Bandung Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9781538658215

Document management system makes user to access information anytime and anywhere. The purpose of this research is to analyze what variables have impact on the intention to use of document management system. To achieve the objectives conducted by identification problem on the research model developed from the model of Technology Acceptance Model and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology to the use of document management system. Furthermore, the data obtained from the respondents tested outer model, inner model test, hypothesis test and to produce a comprehensive analysis will be conducted Importance Performance Analysis. This research will result in a comprehensive analysis and able to provide recommendations and solutions for improvement from the implementation DMS has been done earlier. © 2018 IEEE.

关键词： Information services

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Cost analysis of thin film tandem solar cells using real world energy yield modelling

Cost analysis of thin film tandem solar cells using real wor...

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IEEE Conference on Photovoltaic Specialists

作者： Ramez Hosseinian Ahangharnejhad Adam B Phillips Ilke Celik Zhaoning Song Yanfa Yan Michael J Heben Wright center for photovoltaic innovation and commercialization University of Toledo Toledo OH Sustainability and Renewable Energy Systems Program Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Wisconsin – Platteville Platteville WI USA

Tandem photovoltaic (PV) cells with higher efficiency limits than current market dominated crystalline silicon PV devices are poised to be the next generation of solar cells. In this study we focus on analysis of perovskite/Cu(In x Ga 1-x )Se 2 tandem solar cells in the context of real-world conditions. Using material properties and the most recently updated atmospheric data we simulate the device energy yield for locations with different climate conditions. We use the resultant data in calculating module levelized cost and analyze the conditions under which using different forms of tracking become the cost-effective approach at each location.

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A Novel Ensemble XGBoost and Deep Q-Network for Pregnancy Risk Prediction on Multi-Class Imbalanced Datasets

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ICT Express 2025年

作者： Kurnianingsih Sou Nobukawa Melyana Nurul Widyawati Cipta Pramana Nurseno Bayu Aji Afandi Nur Aziz Thohari Dwiana Hendrawati Eri Sato-Shimokawara Naoyuki Kubota Department of Electrical Engineering Politeknik Negeri Semarang H. Soedarto Tembalang Semarang 50275 Central Java Indonesia Department of Computer Science Chiba Institute of Technology 2-17-1 Tsudanuma Narashino 275-0016 Chiba Japan Department of Postgraduate Program Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang Jl. Tirto Agung Pedalangan Kecamatan Banyumanik Semarang 50268 Central Java Indonesia Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology KRMT Wongsonegoro Hospital Jl. Tembalang Semarang 50272 Central Java Indonesia Department of Mechanical Engineering Politeknik Negeri Semarang H. Soedarto Tembalang Semarang 50275 Central Java Indonesia Faculty of Systems Design Tokyo Metropolitan University Tokyo 1910065 Japan

Addressing imbalanced data is essential for accurate prediction. We propose a novel ensemble method of XGBoost and deep Q-learning networks (DQN) for pregnancy risk prediction. First, we train the majority class utilizing XGBoost. We subsequently utilize DQN to train the minority class into binary classifications. Finally, we use the trained models from DQN and XGBoost in ensemble learning to generate the final classification results. The XGBoost-DQN model achieves high performance with 0.9819 in precision, recall, F1-score, and accuracy, outperforming several baseline classifiers on private data from 5,313 pregnant women in Indonesia and showing superior results on public datasets.

关键词： Imbalanced dataset ensemble learning XGBoost Tree Deep Q-Network pregnancy risk

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Author Correction: The high-dimensional space of human diseases built from diagnosis records and mapped to genetic loci

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Nature computational science 2023年第7期3卷 658页

作者： Gengjie Jia Yu Li Xue Zhong Kanix Wang Milton Pividori Rabab Alomairy Aniello Esposito Hatem Ltaief Chikashi Terao Masato Akiyama Koichi Matsuda David E Keyes Hae Kyung Im Takashi Gojobori Yoichiro Kamatani Michiaki Kubo Nancy J Cox James Evans Xin Gao Andrey Rzhetsky Shenzhen Branch Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Shenzhen China. jiagengjie@***. Computational Bioscience Research Center King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia. Computer Science Program Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia. Department of Computer Science and Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong People's Republic of China. Department of Medicine and Vanderbilt Genetics Institute Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN US. Department of Medicine Institute of Genomics and Systems Biology Committee on Genomics Genetics and Systems Biology University of Chicago Chicago IL US. Department of Operations Business Analytics and Information Systems University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH US. Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA US. Extreme Computing Research Center Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia. College of Computer Science and Engineering University of Jeddah Jeddah Saudi Arabia. HPE HPC/AI EMEA Research Laboratory Bristol UK. RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences Yokohama Japan. Clinical Research Center Shizuoka General Hospital Shizuoka Japan. Department of Applied Genetics The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Shizuoka Shizuoka Japan. Department of Ophthalmology Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan. Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences Graduate School of Frontier Sciences The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan. Biological and Environmenta

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Warding off the plagiarism with the applications (Case study at Bina Nusantara University student and faculty member) 1

Warding off the plagiarism with the applications (Case study...

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1st International Conference on Information and Communications Technology, ICOIACT 2018

作者： Surjandy Suparta, Wayan Trisetyarso, Agung Kang, Chul Ho Abbas, Bahtiar Saleh Computer Science Department BINUS Graduate Program - Doctor of Computer Science Bina Nusantara University Jakarta11480 Indonesia Information Systems Audit Program Information Systems Department School of Information Systems Bina Nusantara University Jakarta11480 Indonesia Civil Engineering Department University of Technology Yogyakarta Yogyakarta Indonesia Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Kwangwoon University Korea Republic of Department of Industrial Engineering Bina Nusantara University Jakarta11480 Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9781538609545

Plagiarism in the education sector is as serious issues. In 2015 Indonesia ministry of research, technology and higher education stated to eradicate the plagiarism, and after 2 years the similar statement by Indonesia ministry of research, technology, and higher education. The plagiarism becomes the serious program by the ministry. The plagiarism in higher education happened, the faculty member or even a professor found did the plagiarism. Therefore, this paper research conducted using descriptive analysis methodology to elaborate on deep the correlation plagiarism variables. Hence, warding off the plagiarism might possible to perform using the applications. The aim of this research to find the correlation variables that might use to ward off the plagiarism in the future. The very interesting result from 15 questioners and the report shows there are several significant correlation variables of the plagiarism. © 2018 IEEE.

关键词： Intellectual property

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The Online Test application uses Telegram Bots Version 1.0

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2020年第2期1569卷

作者： Rizky Parlika Arista Pratama Informatics Engineering Study Program Faculty of Computer Science Information Systems Study Program Faculty of Computer Science National Development University 'Veteran' East Java Raya Rungkut Madya Road Gunung Anyar Surabaya

The development of the smartphones that rapidly increasing, and high smartphone Users as a tool to make a lot of information, make emergence of instant messaging applications with a variety of options for use. Telegram, as one of the instant messaging application that is fairly new, offering in its various features compared to other instant messaging applications, so it can grow rapidly and much in demand in only 2 years. One of the interesting features is the Bot telegram, a special account without number that can handle Command from the User and gives answers appropriate to Command functionality. The account serves as the interface of the running system that communicate via Telegram Bot API. This study seeks to build a Bot telegram with database to built The Online Test application uses Telegram Bots Version 1.0. In each lecture meeting, a Lecturer can make a short test in the form of multiple choices to review the material at the previous meeting and get information about what percentage of students understand the material that has been taught before. We can use the application to send realtime messages to facilitate the test. Of course, which supports the creation of bots easily to add features that did not yet exist. Of the many we chose Telegram to be an online test environment by utilizing the Bot creation facilities provided by Telegram. This article will be a guide that makes it easier for lecturers to give a simple test at the beginning of the meeting, so that they can attract students' daily grades. And in order to be more interactive there are features of student value progress reports that can also be accessed individually so that students can know the progress of their learning outcomes.

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