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3rd International Conference on Assured Autonomy, ICAA 2024

作者： Niu, Luyao Zhang, Hongchao Sahabandu, Dinuka Ramasubramanian, Bhaskar Clark, Andrew Poovendran, Radha University of Washington Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering SeattleWA United States Washington University in St. Louis Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering St. LouisMO United States Western Washington University Electrical and Computer Engineering BellinghamWA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798331521011

Multi-agent cyber-physical systems are present in a variety of applications. Agent decision-making can be affected due to errors induced by uncertain, dynamic operating environments or due to incorrect actions taken by an agent. When an erroneous decision that leads to a violation of safety is identified, assigning responsibility to individual agents is a key step towards preventing future accidents. Current approaches to carrying out such investigations require human labor or high degree of familiarity with operating environments. Automated strategies to assign responsibility can achieve significant reduction in human effort and associated cognitive *** this paper, we develop an automated procedure to assign responsibility for safety violations to actions of any single agent in a principled manner. We ground our approach on reasoning about safety violations in road safety. When provided with an instance of a safety violation, we use counterfactual reasoning to create alternate scenarios that determine how different outcomes might have been achieved if a specific action or set of actions was replaced by another action or set of actions. We devise a metric called the degree of responsibility (DoR) for each agent. The DoR uses the Shapley value to quantify the relative contribution of each agent to the observed safety violation, thus serving as a basis to explain and justify future decisions. We devise both heuristic techniques and methods based on the structure of agent interactions to improve scalability of our solution as the number of agents increases. We consider three instances of safety violations from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). We carry out experiments using representations of the three scenarios using the CARLA urban driving simulator. Our results indicate that the DoR enhances explainability of decision-making and assigning accountability for actions of agents and their consequences. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Decision making

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Developments and trends in emergency lighting systems: from energy-efficiency to zero electrical power consumption

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Life Cycle Reliability and Safety engineering 2024年第2期13卷 129-145页

作者： Abdelmoumene, Abdelkader Bentarzi, Hamid Iqbal, Atif Krama, Abdelbasset Qatar Airways Group -HIA Doha Qatar Signals and Systems Research Laboratory IGEE Boumerdes University Boumerdes Algeria Department of Electrical Engineering Qatar University Doha Qatar Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A & amp

Emergency lighting systems are an essential component of building safety infrastructure and play a critical role in ensuring the safety of people during power outages or other emergencies. As energy efficiency and environmental sustainability continue to be a focus in building design and construction, there is a growing interest in developing emergency lighting systems that not only reduce energy consumption but also operate on zero electrical power. This paper presents a comprehensive review of emergency lighting systems, with a focus on energy efficiency and zero electrical power consumption. The study first examines traditional lighting systems such as incandescent bulbs and their limitations in terms of energy consumption and efficiency. Then discusses energy-efficient options (CFLs and LED lighting), which have significantly improved energy efficiency and reduced power consumption. It also explores the latest generation of emergency lighting systems (Tritium and Photoluminescent), which have zero electrical power consumption throughout their lifetime and provide long-lasting illumination without the need for external electrical sources. Additionally, the paper presents a detailed comparative study of the energetic, environmental, economic, and life cycle assessment of the different emergency lighting technologies. The results of the study revealed that the use of Power Free emergency lighting signs not only reduces the installation and maintenance cost but also eliminates utter energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Society for Reliability and Safety (SRESA) 2024.

关键词： Emergency lighting Energy efficiency Green building Life cycle assessment Smart design Zero electrical power

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A deep decentralized privacy-preservation framework for online social networks

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Blockchain(Research and Applications) 2024年第4期5卷 163-174页

作者： Samuel Akwasi Frimpong Mu Han Emmanuel Kwame Effah Joseph Kwame Adjei Isaac Hanson Percy Brown School of Computer Science and Communication Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang212013China Department of Computer Engineering Ghana Communication Technology UniversityAccraPMB 100Ghana Department of Electrical&Electronic Engineering Ghana Communication Technology UniversityAccraPMB 100Ghana Department of Computer Science and Information Systems Ashesi UniversityAccra3042Ghana Department of Telecommunication Engineering Ghana Communication Technology UniversityAccraPMB 100Ghana

This paper addresses the critical challenge of privacy in Online Social Networks(OSNs),where centralized designs compromise user *** propose a novel privacy-preservation framework that integrates blockchain technology with deep learning to overcome these *** methodology employs a two-tier architecture:the first tier uses an elitism-enhanced Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm(ePSOGSA)for optimizing feature selection,while the second tier employs an enhanced Non-symmetric Deep Autoencoder(e-NDAE)for anomaly ***,a blockchain network secures users’data via smart contracts,ensuring robust data *** tested on the NSL-KDD dataset,our framework achieves 98.79%accuracy,a 10%false alarm rate,and a 98.99%detection rate,surpassing existing *** integration of blockchain and deep learning not only enhances privacy protection in OSNs but also offers a scalable model for other applications requiring robust security measures.

关键词： Preprocessing Privacy-preservation Blockchain Deep learning Online social network

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Inverse Design Method of Hyperuniform Materials Using System Factorization 16

Inverse Design Method of Hyperuniform Materials Using System...

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16th Pacific Rim Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO-PR 2024

作者： Park, Kunwoo Lee, Ikbeom Yu, Sunk Seoul National University Intelligent Wave Systems Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Seoul08826 Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9798350372076

关键词： Factorization

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Design of Wave Scattering from Gain and Loss Disordered Materials 16

Design of Wave Scattering from Gain and Loss Disordered Mate...

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16th Pacific Rim Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO-PR 2024

作者： Lee, Ikbeom Park, Kunwoo Yu, Sunkyu Seoul National University Intelligent Wave Systems Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Seoul08826 Korea Republic of

We propose the design of scattering from gain and loss materials using the structure factor. Increased degrees of freedom in the structure factor allow the suppression across the target momentum space. © 2024 IEEE.

ISBN: (纸本)9798350372076

关键词： Degrees of freedom (mechanics)

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Machine Learning Techniques for Detecting Fraud in Credit Card Transactions 31

Machine Learning Techniques for Detecting Fraud in Credit Ca...

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31st Symposium of Advanced Database systems, SEBD 2023

作者： Mahmood, Tariq Hashemi, Seyedeh Khadijeh Mirtaheri, Seyedeh Leili Greco, Sergio Department of Computer Science Modeling Electronics and Systems Engineering University of Calabria Italy Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering Kharazmi University Tehran Iran

Credit cards became one of the most popular payment methods as technology advanced and e-commerce services expanded, resulting in an increase in the volume of banking transactions. Furthermore, the significant increase in the number of frauds necessitates high banking transaction costs. As a result, detecting fraudulent activities has become an intriguing topic, attracting a large number of researchers. We consider the use of class weight-tuning hyperparameters to control the weight of fraudulent and legitimate transactions in this study. We use Bayesian optimization, in particular, to optimize the hyperparameters while taking into account practical issues such as unbalanced data. We propose weight-tuning as a pre-process for unbalanced data, as well as using CatBoost and XGBoost to improve the performance of the LightGBM method by taking the voting mechanism into account. Finally, we use deep learning to fine-tune the hyperparameters, particularly our proposed weight-tuning one, in order to improve performance even further. We conducted some experiments to evaluate the proposed methods on real-world data. We use recall-precision metrics in addition to the common ROC-AUC to better cover unbalanced datasets. We use a 5-fold cross-validation method to test CatBoost, LightGBM, and XGBoost separately. Furthermore, the performance of the combined algorithms is evaluated using the majority voting ensemble learning method. According to the results, LightGBM and XGBoost achieve the best level criteria of ROC-AUC = 0.95, precision 0.79, recall 0.80, F1 score 0.79, and MCC 0.79. Also, by using deep learning and the Bayesian optimization method to tune the hyperparameters, we meet the following criteria: ROC-AUC = 0.94, precision = 0.80, recall = 0.82, F1 score = 0.81, and MCC = 0.81. This is a big improvement over the state-of-the-art methods we compared it to. © 2023 CEUR-WS. All rights reserved.

关键词： Learning systems

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Sampling and Quantization-Aware Control Barrier Functions for Safety-Critical Control of Cyber-Physical systems 63

Sampling and Quantization-Aware Control Barrier Functions fo...

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63rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, CDC 2024

作者： Niu, Luyao Ramasubramanian, Bhaskar Clark, Andrew Poovendran, Radha University of Washington Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering SeattleWA United States Western Washington University Electrical and Computer Engineering BellinghamWA United States Washington University in St. Louis Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering St. LouisMO United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350316339

Safety is critical to a wide range of cyber-physical systems (CPS). Safety violations may damage CPS and cause harm to humans that co-exist in the operating environment. However, it is nontrivial to guarantee safety of complex CPS whose computation and control workload are shifted to the cloud. The reason is that the system states which evolve continuously are sampled periodically and quantized before being sent to the controller to compute control inputs. Moreover, the controller may operate with finite precision, making the coefficients involved in computation different from those of the actual system. Consequently, the synthesized control inputs to the system may lead to safety violations. In this paper, we study the co-design of quantizer and control inputs for such CPS. We construct a control barrier function (CBF) constraint for the digital controller and analyze how it differs from the CBF constraint formulated using the actual system states and dynamics. We observe that this difference is dependent on the sampling error, quantization error, and error induced by finite precision of the controller. We derive upper bounds of these errors and use the bounds to design a state quantizer. We show that the problem of designing a quantizer can be converted to a facility location problem. We prove the submodularity of the quantizer design problem, and leverage the submodularity property to develop an efficient greedy algorithm to construct the quantizer. Given the quantized states calculated by the quantizer, we modify the CBF constraint used by the controller to synthesize control inputs for the system at each sampling interval. We show that the synthesized inputs guarantee the system safety. We demonstrate the proposed approach using a numerical case study on a batch reactor system. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Control system synthesis

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A High-Efficiency, Indirectly-Fed, Dual Moon-Shaped Printed Antenna for Measuring Sand Gradation 7

A High-Efficiency, Indirectly-Fed, Dual Moon-Shaped Printed ...

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7th IEEE International Symposium on Telecommunication Technologies, ISTT 2024

作者： Abbas, Mohammed K. Hammed, Raaed T. Salim, Ali J. Sali, Aduwati University of Technology Department of Electrical Engineering Baghdad Iraq University of Technology Department of Communication Engineering Baghdad Iraq Department of Computer and Communication Systems Engineering Selangor Serdang43400 Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350392074

In this paper, an enhanced bandwidth antenna featuring a dual moon-shaped patch design is presented. The antenna occupies an area of 153 mm by 130 mm and operates within the frequency band of 0.69 to 1.19 GHz. The structure is printed on an FR4 substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.3 and a substrate thickness of 1.5 mm. It achieves a bandwidth of 0.5 GHz (50%) and a minimum return loss of-47 dB at the resonant frequency of 1.00 GHz, with a gain of 4.02 dB. The proposed antenna consists of a dual moon-shaped patch positioned on the top of the dielectric substrate. It utilizes an indirect feeding method via a transmission line with two arms to enhance bandwidth. The ground plane is partially reduced, which allows the antenna to resonate at a lower frequency. Additionally, a triangular slot on the backside improves impedance matching from-15dB to-47dB, thus optimizing the electric size. Experimental results confirm the antenna's performance, showing excellent agreement with the predicted parameters. The antenna demonstrates robust performance with effective gain and high bandwidth, making it suitable for practical applications in infrastructure monitoring. An innovative method for measuring sand gradation on-site is being developed by voltage network analyzer Device, eliminating the need for traditional sieve analysis in the laboratory. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Microstrip antennas

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Guest Editorial Special Issue on Self-Powered Sensors and Wearable Electronic systems

IEEE Journal on Flexible Electronics

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IEEE Journal on Flexible Electronics 2024年第4期3卷 118-119页

作者： Nag, Anindya Ozioko, Oliver Kim, Woo Soo Andrews, Joseph Technische Universität Dresden Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering Dresden01062 Germany Dresden01069 Germany University of Derby Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering DerbyDE22 1GB United Kingdom Simon Fraser University School of Mechatronic Systems Engineering BurnabyBCV5A 1S6 Canada University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Mechanical Engineering and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering MadisonWI53706 United States

Wearable sensing has recently been highly preferred due to its quick and accurate measurement of physiological parameters. These sensors have been devised using various polymers [1], [2] and nanomaterials [3], [4] suited for the chosen application. With the exponential growth of wearable electronics [5], [6], [7], there is a need to broaden their capabilities in terms of functionality and availability. Commercializing these wearable electronics needs further encouragement to use these sensors as point-of-care devices. Self-powered sensors [8], [9] are one of the growing aspects in the sector of wearable sensing. With the growing requirement for energy usage, self-powered sensing systems need to be developed to generate and harvest energy ubiquitously [10], [11]. This Special Issue highlights some of the published papers that work on using smart textiles and self-powered devices for efficient and sustainable sensing applications. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Wearable sensors

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Control of Grid-Connected Inverters Using PLL for Synchronization and Harmonic Mitigation

Control of Grid-Connected Inverters Using PLL for Synchroniz...

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2025 IEEE Texas Power and Energy Conference, TPEC 2025

作者： Yousefpour, Kamran Yousefpour, Mohammad Molla, Seyyed Javad Hosseini Andani, Mansour Taheri Varnousdaderani, Sepideh Alaei Andani, Hamid Taheri Mississippi State University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering United States Azad University Iran Babol Noshirvani University of Technology Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Iran School of Manufacturing Systems and Networks Arizona State University United States Azad University Department of Computer Engineeering Iran Isfahan University of Technology Department of Electronic Engineering Iran

ISBN: (纸本)9798331541125

This paper presents the design and simulation of a single-phase grid-connected inverter control system, focusing on enhancing power quality and dynamic performance. The control system comprises a resonant controller for real and reactive power regulation, ensuring sinusoidal current injection into the grid. Additionally, a Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) is incorporated to improve synchronization with the grid voltage, generating accurate reference signals for current control and mitigating harmonic disturbances. The PLL design leverages specific gain parameters, μ1,μ2, and μ3, optimized for a critically damped response. A comprehensive simulation study evaluates the system's performance under different conditions, including soft-start operation, transient power commands, and grid voltage distortion with low-order harmonics (Sth, 7th, LIth, and 13th). Results highlight the system's robust dynamic response, low total harmonic distortion (THD), and effective harmonic attenuation, demonstrating its suitability for grid-connected distributed energy resource (DER) applications. This work provides a scalable and reliable control framework for next-generation inverter systems operating in modern, complex grid environments. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Harmonic distortion

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