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23rd Wind and Solar Integration Workshop, WIW 2024

作者： Udawatte, Harith E. Ravanji, Mohammad H. Bahrani, Behrooz Department of Electrical & Computer Systems Engineering Monash University Melbourne Australia Department of Electrical Engineering Sharif University of Technology Tehran Iran

ISBN: (纸本)9781837242689

The global shift to renewable energy, especially wind power, is critical for achieving carbon-neutral power systems but poses challenges to grid stability due to reduced system inertia from inverter-based resources. Grid-forming (GFM) control modes are emerging as key solutions to these stability issues. Given the vast potential of wind energy, ensuring that wind turbine generators (WTGs) comply with GFM control standards is essential. This paper explores GFM capabilities in Type IV WTGs, focusing on the interactions between grid-side and machine-side control dynamics. A simplified small-signal model is developed to efficiently analyse the direct coupling between active power and DC-link control, highlighting how GFM parameters like droop and inertia, along with the DC controller bandwidth, affect system stability. Time-domain simulations validate the proposed tuning guidelines and reveal distinct WTG response characteristics at different wind speeds during grid contingencies. These insights lay the groundwork for robust GFM control designs, essential for a stable integration of wind turbines into high-renewable power systems. © Energynautics GmbH.

关键词： Windmill

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Semi‑supervised contour‑driven broad learning system for autonomous segmentation of concealed prohibited baggage items

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Visual Computing for Industry,Biomedicine,and Art 2024年第1期7卷 1-18页

作者： Divya Velayudhan Abdelfatah Ahmed Taimur Hassan Muhammad Owais Neha Gour Mohammed Bennamoun Ernesto Damiani Naoufel Werghi Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences Center for Cyber‑Physical SystemsKhalifa University of Science and TechnologyAbu Dhabi 127788United Arab Emirates Department of Electrical Computer and Biomedical EngineeringAbu Dhabi UniversityAbu Dhabi 59911United Arab Emirates Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering the University of Western AustraliaPerthWA 6009Australia

With the exponential rise in global air traffic,ensuring swift passenger processing while countering potential security threats has become a paramount concern for aviation *** X-ray baggage monitoring is now standard,manual screening has several limitations,including the propensity for errors,and raises concerns about passenger *** address these drawbacks,researchers have leveraged recent advances in deep learning to design threatsegmentation ***,these models require extensive training data and labour-intensive dense pixelwise annotations and are finetuned separately for each dataset to account for inter-dataset ***,this study proposes a semi-supervised contour-driven broad learning system(BLS)for X-ray baggage security threat instance segmentation referred to as *** research methodology involved enhancing representation learning and achieving faster training capability to tackle severe occlusion and class imbalance using a single training routine with limited baggage *** proposed framework was trained with minimal supervision using resource-efficient image-level labels to localize illegal items in multi-vendor baggage *** specifically,the framework generated candidate region segments from the input X-ray scans based on local intensity transition cues,effectively identifying concealed prohibited items without entire baggage *** multi-convolutional BLS exploits the rich complementary features extracted from these region segments to predict object categories,including threat and benign *** contours corresponding to the region segments predicted as threats were then utilized to yield the segmentation *** proposed C-BLX system was thoroughly evaluated on three highly imbalanced public datasets and surpassed other competitive approaches in baggage-threat segmentation,yielding 90.04%,78.92%,and 59.44%in terms of mIoU on GDXray,SIXray,and Compass-XP,***,the lim

关键词： Baggage X-ray imagery Broad learning systems Threat detection Threat segmentation

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ELCD-NSC2: a novel early lung cancer detection and non-small cell classification framework

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Neural Computing and Applications 2024年第24期36卷 15149-15164页

作者： Helaly, Hadeer A. Badawy, Mahmoud El-Gendy, Eman M. Haikal, Amira Y. Electrical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Damietta University Damietta Egypt Computers and Control Systems Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt Department of Computer Science and Informatics Taibah University Medina Saudi Arabia

The survival rate of lung cancer relies significantly on how far the disease has spread when it is detected, how it reacts to the treatment, the patient’s overall health, and other factors. Therefore, the earlier the lung cancer diagnosis, the higher the survival rate. For radiologists, recognizing malignant lung nodules from computed tomography (CT) scans is a challenging and time-consuming process. As a result, computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems have been suggested to alleviate these burdens. Deep-learning approaches have demonstrated remarkable results in recent years, surpassing traditional methods in different fields. Researchers are currently experimenting with several deep-learning strategies to increase the effectiveness of CAD systems in lung cancer detection with CT. This work proposes a deep-learning framework for detecting and diagnosing lung cancer. The proposed framework used recent deep-learning techniques in all its layers. The autoencoder technique structure is tuned and used in the preprocessing stage to denoise and reconstruct the medical lung cancer dataset. Besides, it depends on the transfer learning pre-trained models to make multi-classification among different lung cancer cases such as benign, adenocarcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. The proposed model provides high performance while recognizing and differentiating between two types of datasets, including biopsy and CT scans. The Cancer Imaging Archive and Kaggle datasets are utilized to train and test the proposed model. The empirical results show that the proposed framework performs well according to various performance metrics. According to accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and AUC metrics, it achieves 99.60, 99.61, 99.62, 99.70, and 99.75%, respectively. Also, it depicts 0.0028, 0.0026, and 0.0507 in mean absolute error, mean squared error, and root mean square error metrics. Furthermore, it helps physicians effectively diagnose lung cancer in its early stages and allows spe

关键词： Image classification

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Social NSTransformers: Low-Quality Pedestrian Trajectory Prediction

IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence

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IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2024年第11期5卷 5575-5588页

作者： Jiang, Zihan Ma, Yiqun Shi, Bingyu Lu, Xin Xing, Jian Goncalves, Nuno Jin, Bo Suzhou215000 China Northeast Forestry University College of Computer and Control Engineering Harbin150000 China University of Coimbra Institute of Systems and Robotics Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Coimbra3030-290 Portugal

This article introduces a novel model for low-quality pedestrian trajectory prediction, the social nonstationary transformers (NSTransformers), that merges the strengths of NSTransformers and spatiotemporal graph transformer (STAR). The model can capture social interaction cues among pedestrians and integrate features across spatial and temporal dimensions to enhance the precision and resilience of trajectory predictions. We also propose an enhanced loss function that combines diversity loss with logarithmic root mean squared error (log-RMSE) to guarantee the reasonableness and diversity of the generated trajectories. This design adapts well to complex pedestrian interaction scenarios, thereby improving the reliability and accuracy of trajectory prediction. Furthermore, we integrate a generative adversarial network (GAN) to model the randomness inherent in pedestrian trajectories. Compared to the conventional standard Gaussian distribution, our GAN approach better simulates the intricate distribution found in pedestrian trajectories, enhancing the trajectory prediction's diversity and robustness. Experimental results reveal that our model outperforms several state-of-the-art methods. This research opens the avenue for future exploration in low-quality pedestrian trajectory prediction. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Stars

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Methods for class-imbalanced learning with support vector machines: a review and an empirical evaluation

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Soft Computing 2024年第20期28卷 11873-11894页

作者： Rezvani, Salim Pourpanah, Farhad Lim, Chee Peng Wu, Q. M. Jonathan Department of Computer Science Ryerson University TorontoON Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Windsor WindsorON Canada Institute for Intelligent Systems Research and Innovation Deakin University GeelongVIC Australia

This paper presents a review on methods for class-imbalanced learning with the Support Vector Machine (SVM) and its variants. We first explain the structure of SVM and its variants and discuss their inefficiency in learning with class-imbalanced data sets. We introduce a hierarchical categorization of SVM-based models with respect to class-imbalanced learning. Specifically, we categorize SVM-based models into re-sampling, algorithmic, and fusion methods, and discuss the principles of the representative models in each category. In addition, we conduct a series of empirical evaluations to compare the performances of various representative SVM-based models in each category using benchmark imbalanced data sets, ranging from low to high imbalanced ratios. Our findings reveal that while algorithmic methods are less time-consuming owing to no data pre-processing requirements, fusion methods, which combine both re-sampling and algorithmic approaches, generally perform the best, but with a higher computational load. A discussion on research gaps and future research directions is provided. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Support vector machines

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Metasurfaces for next-generation wireless communication systems

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National Science Review 2023年第8期10卷 17-19页

作者： Younes Ra'di Nikita Nefedkin Petar Popovski Andrea Alù Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Syracuse University Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York Department of Electronic Systems Aalborg University Physics Program Graduate Center City University of New York

The pace of development in the world of 5G communication systems has proven to be much more demanding than previous generations, with 5G-Advanced seemingly around the corner [1]. Extensive research is already underway to structure the next generation of wireless systems(i.e. 6G), which may potentially enable an unprecedented level of human–machine interaction [2].

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A deep learning based misbehavior classification scheme for intrusion detection in cooperative intelligent transportation systems

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Digital Communications and Networks 2023年第5期9卷 1113-1122页

作者： Tejasvi Alladi Varun Kohli Vinay Chamola F.Richard Yu Department of Computer Science and Information Systems BITS-PilaniPilani Campus333031India Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering&APPCAIR BITS-PilaniPilani Campus333031India Department of Systems and Computer Engineering Carleton UniversityOttawaONK1S 5B6Canada

With the rise of the Internet of Vehicles(IoV)and the number of connected vehicles increasing on the roads,Cooperative Intelligent Transportation systems(C-ITSs)have become an important area of *** the number of Vehicle to Vehicle(V2V)and Vehicle to Interface(V2I)communication links increases,the amount of data received and processed in the network also *** addition,networking interfaces need to be made more secure for which existing cryptography-based security schemes may not be ***,there is a need to augment them with intelligent network intrusion detection *** machine learning-based intrusion detection and anomaly detection techniques for vehicular networks have been proposed in recent ***,given the expected large network size,there is a necessity for extensive data processing for use in such anomaly detection *** learning solutions are lucrative options as they remove the necessity for feature ***,with the amount of vehicular network traffic increasing at an unprecedented rate in the C-ITS scenario,the need for deep learning-based techniques is all the more *** work presents three deep learning-based misbehavior classification schemes for intrusion detection in IoV networks using Long Short Term Memory(LSTM)and Convolutional Neural Networks(CNNs).The proposed Deep Learning Classification Engines(DCLE)comprise of single or multi-step classification done by deep learning models that are deployed on the vehicular edge *** data received by the Road Side Units(RSUs)is pre-processed and forwarded to the edge server for classifications following the three classification schemes proposed in this *** proposed classifiers identify 18 different vehicular behavior types,the F1-scores ranging from 95.58%to 96.75%,much higher than the existing *** running the classifiers on testbeds emulating edge servers,the prediction performance and prediction time comparison of

关键词： Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks(VANETs) Intelligent Transportation systems(ITS) Artificial Intelligence(AI) Deep Learning Internet of Things(IoT)

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Enhancing Renewable Energy Integration:A Gaussian-Bare-Bones Levy Cheetah Optimization Approach to Optimal Power Flow in electrical Networks

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computer Modeling in engineering & Sciences 2024年第8期140卷 1339-1370页

作者： Ali S.Alghamdi Mohamed A.Zohdy Saad Aldoihi Department of Electrical Engineering College of EngineeringMajmaah UniversityAl-Majmaah11952Saudi Arabia Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Oakland UniversityRochesterMI48309USA Institute of Earth and Space Science King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology(KACST)Riyadh11442Saudi Arabia Computer Science and Systems Engineering Institute Polytechnique de ParisPalaiseau CedexFrance

In the contemporary era,the global expansion of electrical grids is propelled by various renewable energy sources(RESs).Efficient integration of stochastic RESs and optimal power flow(OPF)management are critical for network *** study introduces an innovative solution,the Gaussian Bare-Bones Levy Cheetah Optimizer(GBBLCO),addressing OPF challenges in power generation systems with stochastic *** primary objective is to minimize the total operating costs of RESs,considering four functions:overall operating costs,voltage deviation management,emissions reduction,voltage stability index(VSI)and power loss ***,a carbon tax is included in the objective function to reduce carbon *** scrutiny,using modified IEEE 30-bus and IEEE 118-bus systems,validates GBBLCO’s superior performance in achieving optimal *** results demonstrate GBBLCO’s efficacy in six optimization scenarios:total cost with valve point effects,total cost with emission and carbon tax,total cost with prohibited operating zones,active power loss optimization,voltage deviation optimization and enhancing voltage stability index(VSI).GBBLCO outperforms conventional techniques in each scenario,showcasing rapid convergence and superior solution ***,GBBLCO navigates complexities introduced by valve point effects,adapts to environmental constraints,optimizes costs while considering prohibited operating zones,minimizes active power losses,and optimizes voltage deviation by enhancing the voltage stability index(VSI)*** research significantly contributes to advancing OPF,emphasizing GBBLCO’s improved global search capabilities and ability to address challenges related to local *** emerges as a versatile and robust optimization tool for diverse challenges in power systems,offering a promising solution for the evolving needs of renewable energy-integrated power grids.

关键词： Renewable energy integration optimal power flow stochastic renewable energy sources gaussian-bare-bones levy cheetah optimizer electrical network optimization carbon tax optimization

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MIMO performance enhancement of MIMO arrays using PCS-based near-field optimization technique

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2023年第6期66卷 170-185页

作者： Yipeng WANG Xiaoming CHEN Huiling PEI Wei E.I.SHA Yi HUANG Ahmed A.KISHK School of Information and Communications Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Electronic Devices and Smart Systems of Zhejiang Province College of Information Science and Electronic EngineeringZhejiang University Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics University of Liverpool Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Concordia University

Extensive efforts have been made in designing large multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)arrays. Nevertheless, improvements in conventional antenna characteristics cannot ensure significant MIMO performance improvement in realistic multipath environments. Array decorrelation techniques have been proposed, achieving correlation reductions by either tilting the antenna beams or shifting the phase centers away from each other. Hence, these methods are mainly limited to MIMO terminals with small arrays. To avoid such problems, this work proposes a decorrelation optimization technique based on phase correcting surface(PCS)that can be applied to large MIMO arrays, enhancing their MIMO performances in a realistic(non-isotropic)multipath environment. First, by using a near-field channel model and an optimization algorithm, a near-field phase distribution improving the MIMO capacity is obtained. Then the PCS(consisting of square elements)is used to cover the array's aperture, achieving the desired near-field phase *** examples demonstrate the effectiveness of this PCS-based near-field optimization technique. One is a1 × 4 dual-polarized patch array(working at 2.4 GHz)covered by a 2 × 4 PCS with 0.6λ center-to-center distance. The other is a 2 × 8 dual-polarized dipole array, for which a 4 × 8 PCS with 0.4λ center-to-center distance is designed. Their MIMO capacities can be effectively enhanced by 8% and 10% in single-cell and multi-cell scenarios, respectively. The PCS has insignificant effects on mutual coupling, matching, and the average radiation efficiency of the patch array, and increases the antenna gain by about 2.5 dB while keeping broadside radiations to ensure good cellular coverage, which benefits the MIMO performance of the *** proposed technique offers a new perspective for improving large MIMO arrays in realistic multipath in a statistical sense.

关键词： antenna correlation array antenna multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) capacity

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A Wirelessly Powered, Battery-less, Miniaturized Microchip for Implantable Biopotential-Monitoring Applications

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IEEE Sensors Journal 2025年第11期25卷 19545-19554页

作者： Jang, Jaeeun Habibagahi, Iman Mathews, Roshan P. Gwak, Wonseop Rahmani, Hamed Babakhani, Aydin Kwangwoon University School of Semiconductor Systems Engineering Seoul Korea Republic of University of California at Los Angeles Department of Electrical Engineering Los AngelesCA90095 United States New York University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering BrooklynNY11201 United States

This paper presents a low-power, battery-less biopotential-recording integrated circuit (IC) designed for implantable leadless cardiac monitoring applications, addressing the full autonomy based on wireless energy harvesting and closed-loop control. A key technical feature is the closed-loop capability with integration of a dual-band radio frequency (RF) energy harvester and communication system utilizing industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) bands at 40.68 MHz for downlink and 915 MHz for uplink, ensuring efficient wireless power transfer and robust bi-directional data communication. The RF harvester achieves a peak conversion efficiency exceeding 40%, a critical design challenge in maintaining consistent performance under variable power conditions. Also, proposed IC overcomes the need for a local oscillator by utilizing an externally provided clock, reducing system complexity and power consumption. Operating with a clock frequency of 100 kHz, the IC consumes only 8.8 μW, a major achievement in energy efficiency for wireless, battery-less systems. Fabricated in a 180 nm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process, the IC successfully demonstrates cardiac signal measurement and heart rate extraction under a fully battery-less environment with air medium, providing a promising solution for next-generation leadless cardiac monitoring systems. © 2001-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Inductive power transmission

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