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Remote Aerial Vehicle Solutions for Weed Detection in Precision Agriculture

IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 101440-101454页

作者： Shekhar S. Borah Aryan Anand Prabha Sundaravadivel Reginald Fletcher Krishna N. Reddy Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Center for Robotics and Intelligent Systems The University of Texas at Tyler Tyler TX USA Crop Production Systems Research Unit USDA-Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Stoneville MS USA

This study presents a novel Remote Aerial Vehicle-based approach for detecting pigweeds in soybean (Glycine max) fields using a combination of deep learning and advanced image processing techniques. A custom, high-resolution dataset comprising RGB (red, green, and blue) and multispectral images was collected from USDA operated fields and manually annotated for target pigweed detection. Beyond incorporating YOLOv8 variants for real-time weed classification, this study integrates a comprehensive image processing pipeline, incorporating global thresholding, k-means clustering, 3D surface mapping, and spectral signature analysis to enhance interpretability and detection accuracy. A comparative evaluation of YOLOv8 nano, small, medium, and large models, along with Faster R-CNN, confirmed YOLOv8’s balance between detection accuracy and real-time performance for deployment in precision agriculture. The YOLOv8 nano model emerged as the most balanced in terms of precision (75.6%), recall (81.7%), and mAP@0.5 (81.5%), demonstrating effective weed detection performance under real field conditions. In addition, quadrant-level weed coverage and spatial heatmaps were generated to support targeted interventions. This study advances the current state of RAV based weed detection by providing a field-ready, explainable, and resource-efficient solution, contributing to sustainable farming and data-driven weed management practices.

关键词： Crops Deep learning Accuracy Autonomous aerial vehicles Agriculture Real-time systems Feature extraction Soil Precision agriculture Drones

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Single-Phase and Two-Phase Liquid Immersion Cooling of Data Center Power Supply Units for Heat Capture 23

Single-Phase and Two-Phase Liquid Immersion Cooling of Data ...

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23rd IEEE Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic systems, ITherm 2024

作者： Qiu, Haoyun Kabirzadeh, Pouya Garimella, Vivek S. Bali, Arjit Gurusami, Keerthivasan Lee, Kang Joon Stillwell, Andrew Salamon, Todd Miljkovic, Nenad University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering UrbanaIL United States University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering UrbanaIL United States Optical Systems and Device Research Laboratory Nokia Bell Labs Murray HillNJ United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350364330

Data center power supply units (PSU) have high power density due to the increasing power demand and their low profiles. Air cooling proves to be increasingly difficult in mitigating the hot spots, and it also consumes extra energy in fluid delivery, air conditioning, and rejection to the ambience. In this work, we redesign and modify the PSU cooling infrastructure and adopt quiescent immersion cooling. This design removes all active air-cooling elements and enables heat capture. The PSU used in the experiments is a 2 kW 80 Plus Platinum commercial unit (Bel PET2000-12-074RA). The cooling performance was characterized by tracking the steady-state case temperatures of the switching semiconductors. Flutec PP1 was used to study the cooling performance variations with respect to PSU load and capture temperature. Conventional fan-cooled PSU with heat sinks served as the benchmark. Experiments show that two-phase immersion cooling grants an overall enhancement of 4.4× over the original air-cooling approach at 40 °C heat capture. The results suggest that heat rejection from the dielectric fluid to the riding heatsink is the main bottleneck, and further reduction of the thermal resistance would allow heat capture at a temperature closer to the liquid boiling point. The PSU thermal management approach studied here can help lower data center power usage effectiveness (PUE) while increasing PSU power delivery density. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Dielectric liquids

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Transformative effects of ChatGPT on modern education: Emerging Era of AI Chatbots

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Internet of Things and Cyber-Physical systems 2024年第1期4卷 19-23页

作者： Gill, Sukhpal Singh Xu, Minxian Patros, Panos Wu, Huaming Kaur, Rupinder Kaur, Kamalpreet Fuller, Stephanie Singh, Manmeet Arora, Priyansh Parlikad, Ajith Kumar Stankovski, Vlado Abraham, Ajith Ghosh, Soumya K. Lutfiyya, Hanan Kanhere, Salil S. Bahsoon, Rami Rana, Omer Dustdar, Schahram Sakellariou, Rizos Uhlig, Steve Buyya, Rajkumar School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China Raygun Performance Monitoring Wellington New Zealand Center for Applied Mathematics Tianjin University Tianjin China Department of Science Kings Education London United Kingdom Cymax Group Technologies BC Canada QM Academy Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom Jackson School of Geosciences University of Texas at Austin AustinTX United States Centre for Climate Change Research Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology Pune India Microsoft Hyderabad India Institute for Manufacturing Department of Engineering University of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom Faculty of Computer and Information Science University of Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia Machine Intelligence Research Labs AuburnWA United States Faculty of Computing and Data Science FLAME University Maharashtra Pune India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur India Department of Computer Science University of Western Ontario London Canada Sydney Australia School of Computer Science University of Birmingham United Kingdom School of Computer Science and Informatics Cardiff University Cardiff United Kingdom Distributed Systems Group Vienna University of Technology Vienna Austria Department of Computer Science University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester United Kingdom Laboratory School of Computing and Information Systems The University of Melbourne Australia

ChatGPT, an AI-based chatbot, offers coherent and useful replies based on analysis of large volumes of data. In this article, leading academics, scientists, distinguish researchers and engineers discuss the transformative effects of ChatGPT on modern education. This research discusses ChatGPT capabilities and its use in the education sector, identifies potential concerns and challenges. Our preliminary evaluation shows that ChatGPT perform differently in different subject areas including finance, coding, maths, and general public queries. While ChatGPT has the ability to help educators by creating instructional content, offering suggestions and acting as an online educator to learners by answering questions, transforming education through smartphones and IoT gadgets, and promoting group work, there are clear drawbacks in its use, such as the possibility of producing inaccurate or false data and circumventing duplicate content (plagiarism) detectors where originality is essential. The often reported "hallucinations" within GenerativeAI in general, and also relevant for ChatGPT, can render its use of limited benefit where accuracy is essential. What ChatGPT lacks is a stochastic measure to help provide sincere and sensitive communication with its users. Academic regulations and evaluation practices used in educational institutions need to be updated, should ChatGPT be used as a tool in education. To address the transformative effects of ChatGPT on the learning environment, educating teachers and students alike about its capabilities and limitations will be crucial. © 2023 The Authors

关键词： Machine learning

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Risk-Aware Real-Time Task Allocation for Stochastic Multi-Agent systems under STL Specifications

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Engelaar, Maico H.W. Zhang, Zengjie Vlahakis, Eleftherios E. Dimarogonas, Dimos V. Lazar, Mircea Haesaert, Sofie Department of Electrical Engineering Control Systems Group Eindhoven University of Technology Netherlands Division of Decision and Control Systems School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science KTH Royal Institute of Technology Sweden

This paper addresses the control synthesis of heterogeneous stochastic linear multi-agent systems with real-time allocation of signal temporal logic (STL) specifications. Based on previous work, we decompose specifications into sub-specifications on the individual agent level. To leverage the efficiency of task allocation, a heuristic filter evaluates potential task allocation based on STL robustness, and subsequently, an auctioning algorithm determines the definitive allocation of specifications. Finally, a control strategy is synthesized for each agent-specification pair using tube-based model predictive control (MPC), ensuring provable probabilistic satisfaction. We demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed methods using a multi-shuttle scenario that highlights a promising extension to automated driving applications like vehicle routing. © 2024, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Stochastic systems

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Scaling Distributed Collaboration in Mixed Reality

Scaling Distributed Collaboration in Mixed Reality

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2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing systems, CHI EA 2025

作者： Genay, Adélaïde Syiem, Brandon Victor Wong, Emily Feuchtner, Tiare Knibbe, Jarrod Grønbæk, Jens Emil Sloth Velloso, Eduardo School of Computer Science University of Sydney SydneyNSW Australia School of Computing and Information Systems The University of Melbourne MelbourneVIC Australia HCI Group University of Konstanz Konstanz Germany Department of Computer Science Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science The University of Queensland St. LuciaQLD Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9798400713958

Distributed collaboration in Mixed Reality (MR) promises to revolutionise how people connect across different physical environments, offering experiences akin to face-to-face interactions. However, previous work has mostly focused on enabling this vision in overly simplified settings such as with only two users interacting in identical distributed environments. Scaling current systems to work with large groups and for common real-life scenarios is a persistent challenge that requires addressing multiple tensions. We identified six challenges: 1) supporting locally congruent actions from heterogeneous remote spaces, 2) communicating accurate user behaviours through virtual representation instead of physical bodies, 3) facilitating organic group interactions within limited physical space, 4) maintaining conversational dynamics even in asynchronous exchanges, 5) providing equal access to physical objects for all participants, and 6) enabling efficient task switching within a complex ecology of applications, devices, and accessibility needs. This workshop aims to gather researchers and practitioners to explore actionable strategies for resolving these challenges. Through a mix of presentations, hands-on activities, and group discussions, participants will generate new ideas and develop a research agenda to articulate the future of MR collaboration systems. The workshop outcomes will include a list of concrete next steps for the community to bring distributed MR collaboration at scale. © 2025 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).

关键词： Grid computing

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Risk-Aware Real-Time Task Allocation for Stochastic Multi-Agent systems under STL Specifications

Risk-Aware Real-Time Task Allocation for Stochastic Multi-Ag...

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IEEE Conference on Decision and Control

作者： M. H. W. Engelaar Z. Zhang E. E. Vlahakis D.V. Dimarogonas M. Lazar S. Haesaert Department of Electrical Engineering (Control Systems Group) Eindhoven University of Technology The Netherlands Division of Decision and Control Systems School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science KTH Royal Institute of Technology Sweden

ISBN: (数字)9798350316339

ISBN: (纸本)9798350316346

This paper addresses the control synthesis of heterogeneous stochastic linear multi-agent systems with realtime allocation of signal temporal logic (STL) specifications. Based on previous work, we decompose specifications into subspecifications on the individual agent level. To leverage the efficiency of task allocation, a heuristic filter evaluates potential task allocation based on STL robustness, and subsequently, an auctioning algorithm determines the definitive allocation of specifications. Finally, a control strategy is synthesized for each agent-specification pair using tube-based model predictive control (MPC), ensuring provable probabilistic satisfaction. We demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed methods using a multi-shuttle scenario that highlights a promising extension to automated driving applications like vehicle routing.

关键词： Vehicle routing Stochastic processes Probabilistic logic Prediction algorithms Real-time systems Robustness Resource management Vehicle dynamics Multi-agent systems Predictive control

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Communication Network Layer State Estimation Measurement Model for a Cyber-Secure Smart Grid

Communication Network Layer State Estimation Measurement Mod...

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2024 IEEE Power and Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference, ISGT 2024

作者： Mathieu, Reynold Boamah, Sharon Cooper, Austin Agnew, Dennis McNair, Janise Bretas, Arturo University of Florida Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering GainesvilleFL United States Distributed Systems Group Pacific Northwest National Laboratory RichlandWA United States G2Elab Grenoble INP CNRS Universite Grenoble Alpes Grenoble38000 France

ISBN: (纸本)9798350313604

Network communication has been proven to be a very important tool and a key factor in the recent development and progress of the power grid operation. It is also considered as the foundation for the smart grid because information and communication are integrated into electricity distribution to achieve reliable and accurate knowledge of the power grid. In previous years, absorbing energy from substations and delivering it to customers was the only type of interaction we knew between utility companies and customers. Presently, the growing connections of small distributed generation units caused by the cost reduction of most of the technologies used in the generation and storage of electrical energy, along with the potential benefits of renewable energy have pushed many researchers to look into the improvement of information and communication technologies (ICT) in order to ensure a bidirectional flow of power and data. Moreover, the evolution of information and communication technologies and its applications to smart grid have converted the smart grid into a cyber-physical system where vulnerabilities and additional security challenges such as cyber-threats and cyber-attacks have emerged. Previously, we have demonstrated that using machine learning-based processing on data gathered from communication networks and the power grid was a promising solution for detecting cyber threats by implementing a co-simulation of cyber-security for cross-layer strategy. Since the majority of the challenges observed can only be solved in the network communication layer, we present in this work a physics-based state estimation model of the communication network system towards enhanced cyber-physical security of the smart grid. Information integration with the previously developed machine learning model is developed, providing an enhanced cyber-physical security application for the smart grid. Easy-to-implement model, without hard-to-derive parameters, highlights potential aspects of th

关键词： Smart power grids

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Distributed consensus-based voltage and frequency control for isolated microgrids with fault-induced delayed voltage recovery mitigation

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Frontiers in Energy research 2024年 12卷

作者： Alghamdi, Baheej Smart Grids Research Group Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy and Power Systems King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia

This paper presents a distributed consensus-based voltage and frequency control (VFC) strategy for isolated microgrids with distributed energy resources (DERs) and induction motor loads. The proposed controller coordinates the DERs to regulate microgrid frequency and voltage while mitigating fault-induced delayed voltage recovery (FIDVR), a phenomenon where system voltage remains depressed for several seconds after fault clearance due to induction motor stalling. The VFC loop adjusts DER voltage setpoints based on frequency deviation and voltage level to regulate voltage and mitigate FIDVR events, while the active power control loop maintains frequency stability by coordinating active power sharing among DERs and compensating for the constant power load behavior of stalled induction motors. A proximity-based reactive power support prioritization and a distributed voltage estimator enhance the controller’s response to FIDVR events. Coordination between the VFC and active power control loops is achieved through adaptive gain adjustment and a voltage recovery coordination term. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller in maintaining microgrid stability, ensuring fast voltage recovery, and providing robust performance under various operating conditions, including communication delays and different fault durations. Copyright © 2025 Alghamdi.

关键词： Microgrids

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Microgrid Frequency Stability: A Proactive Scheme Based on Dynamic Predictions

Microgrid Frequency Stability: A Proactive Scheme Based on D...

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2024 IEEE Power and Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference, ISGT 2024

作者： Paramo, Gian Bretas, Arturo Meyn, Sean University of Florida Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering GainesvilleFl United States G2Elab Grenoble INP CNRS Université Grenoble Alpes Grenoble38000 France Distributed Systems Group Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland99354 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350313604

The dynamic nature of microgrids introduces challenges in the context of frequency stability. This work presents a framework where the future state of microgrid frequency is predicted and corrective actions are optimized. Predictions are generated through Bayesian filters leveraging synchronized data acquired via PMUs. Taking a proactive approach makes it possible to optimize corrective actions considering dynamic system conditions. Testing is conducted via Matlab simulations. The performance of the solution presented in this work is compared to traditional load-shedding schemes and to predictive solutions found in literature. The results indicate that the proposed framework outperforms both. Some of the advantages of this framework include a reduction in amount of load dropped during compensation, the use of adaptive parameters which eliminates the need to simulate contingency conditions, and dynamic uncertainty quantification provided the particle filter. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： MATLAB

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Assessing the Robustness of nnU-Net in the Detection of Prostate Lesions via Bi-Parametric MRI

Assessing the Robustness of nnU-Net in the Detection of Pros...

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2023 IEEE EMBS Special Topic Conference on Data Science and engineering in Healthcare, Medicine and Biology, IEEECONF 2023

作者： Zaridis, Dimitrios I. Mylona, Eugenia Tachos, Nikolaos Kalantzopoulos, Charalampos Pezoulas, Vasileios C. Koutsouris, Dimitrios D. Matsopoulos, George K. Marias, Kostas Tsiknakis, Manolis Fotiadis, Dimitrios I. National Technical University of Athens School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Biomedical Engineering Laboratory AthensGR15773 Greece Forth Biomedical Research Institute Ioannina Greece University of Ioannina Ioannina Greece Forth Institute of Computer Science Heraklion Greece Hellenic Mediterranean University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Crete Heraklion Greece FORTH-IMBB Ioannina Greece University of Ioannina Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems Materials Science and Engineering Department IoanninaGR 45110 Greece

ISBN: (纸本)9798350383386

Within the scope of prostate cancer diagnostic imaging, distinguishing lesions is challenging due to their subtle appearance and the prostate gland's complexity. This study employed the nnU-Net, a state-of-the-art medical image segmentation model, on a dataset of 301 patients from 2 openly available datasets to identify whether lesion sizes are affecting the model's performance. By applying t-SNE dimensionality reduction algorithm among dice score and respective lesion sizes, we found that nnU-Net behaves differently for lesions smaller than 9mm compared to lesions larger than 15mm. These insights can inform specialized training approaches for future deep learning models in prostate lesion *** Relevance: The main contributions of this study is, to investigate whether lesion sizes affects nnU-Net's deficiency leading to the development of more specialized models in respect to these factors. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Urology

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