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A Hybrid Adaptive Filter for Head Tracking in Augmented Reality (AR)-based Flight Simulators

IEEE Transactions on computers 2025年

作者： Nwobodo, Onyeka J. Kuaban, Godlove Suila Nkemeni, Valery Wereszczynski, Kamil Cyran, Krzysztof A. Silesian University of Technology Department of Computer Graphics Vision and Digital Systems Faculty of Automatic Control Electronics and Computer Science Gliwice Poland Polish Academy of Sciences Institute of Theoretical and Applied Informatics Poland University of Buea Laboratory of Electrical Engineering and Computing Faculty of Engineering and Technology Buea Cameroon

This paper presents a novel approach for head tracking in augmented reality (AR) flight simulators using an adaptive fusion of Kalman and particle filters. This fusion dynamically balances the strengths of both algorithms, leveraging Kalman filters for computational efficiency and particle filters for handling non-linearities based on real-time factors such as sensor noise and head movement patterns. Our method demonstrates superior tracking precision and reduced latency, making it particularly effective for immersive pilot training in AR-based flight simulations. While focused on flight simulation, our approach holds high potential for broader applications in other AR and virtual reality (VR) environments where precise, real-time head tracking is crucial. These results provide actionable design guidance for developers optimizing tracking systems in environments that require fast response times and high accuracy. Future extensions of this research could explore the generalization of our approach across diverse AR applications, including human-computer interaction (HCI), medical simulations, and gaming. © 1968-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Flight simulators

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Multilingual Hate Speech Detection: Innovations in Optimized Deep Learning for English and Arabic Hate Speech Detection

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SN computer Science 2025年第3期6卷 1-16页

作者： AL-Sukhani, Hassan Bsoul, Qusay Elhawary, Abdelrahman H. Nasr, Ziad M. Mansour, Ahmed E. Batyha, Radwan M. Alqadi, Basma S. Alqurni, Jehad Saad Alfagham, Hayat Madbouly, Magda M. Cybersecurity Department Faculty of Science and Information Technology Jadara University Irbid Jordan Cybersecurity Department College of Computer Sciences and Informatics Amman Arab University Amman Jordan Faculty of Engineering Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt Faculty of Computer Science Misr International University Cairo Egypt Faculty of Information Technology Applied Science Private University Amman 11931 Jordan Computer Science Department College of Computer and Information Sciences Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University Riyadh Saudi Arabia Department of Educational Technologies College of Education Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University P.O. Box 1982 Dammam Saudi Arabia Department of MIS College of Applied Studies and Community Service Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University P.O. Box 1982 Dammam Saudi Arabia Institute of Graduate Studies & Research Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt Faculty of Computer and Data Science Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt

This paper presents the development of a multilingual hate speech detection model that effectively processes and classifies content in both Arabic and English. The study leverages both traditional machine learning models, such as K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Naive Bayes, and Support Vector Machines (SVM), as well as advanced deep learning models, specifically Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) networks. A key challenge addressed is the classification of mixed-language content, which is common on social media platforms in the MENA region. To enhance detection performance, preprocessing techniques were applied to the text data, and the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) was used to balance the dataset. The results show that the Bi-LSTM model outperformed traditional machine learning approaches, particularly in identifying hate speech across multiple languages. The proposed model demonstrates superior accuracy and robustness in handling mixed-language input, providing a more effective solution for real-world hate speech detection tasks. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Class imbalance Deep learning Hate speech detection Machine learning Mixed Arabic and English training Multilingual NLP Natural language processing (NLP) Sentiment analysis

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Joint System Latency and Data Freshness Optimization for Cache-enabled Mobile Crowdsensing Networks

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Shi, Kexin Fu, Yaru Guo, Yongna Wang, Fu Lee Zhang, Yan School of Science and Technology Hong Kong Metropolitan University Hong Kong Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science KTH Royal Institute of Technology Sweden Department of Informatics University of Oslo Norway

Mobile crowdsensing (MCS) networks enable large-scale data collection by leveraging the ubiquity of mobile devices. However, frequent sensing and data transmission can lead to significant resource consumption. To mitigate this issue, edge caching has been proposed as a solution for storing recently collected data. Nonetheless, this approach may compromise data freshness. In this paper, we investigate the trade-off between re-using cached task results and re-sensing tasks in cache-enabled MCS networks, aiming to minimize system latency while maintaining information freshness. To this end, we formulate a weighted delay and age of information (AoI) minimization problem, jointly optimizing sensing decisions, user selection, channel selection, task allocation, and caching strategies. The problem is a mixed-integer non-convex programming problem which is intractable. Therefore, we decompose the long-term problem into sequential one-shot sub-problems and design a framework that optimizes system latency, task sensing decision, and caching strategy subproblems. When one task is re-sensing, the one-shot problem simplifies to the system latency minimization problem, which can be solved optimally. The task sensing decision is then made by comparing the system latency and AoI. Additionally, a Bayesian update strategy is developed to manage the cached task results. Building upon this framework, we propose a lightweight and time-efficient algorithm that makes real-time decisions for the long-term optimization problem. Extensive simulation results validate the effectiveness of our approach. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Integer programming

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Med-R1: Reinforcement Learning for Generalizable Medical Reasoning in Vision-Language Models

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Lai, Yuxiang Zhong, Jike Li, Ming Zhao, Shitian Yang, Xiaofeng Department of Computer Science and Informatics Emory University United States Department of Computer Science University of Southern California United States Department of Computer Science University of Tokyo Japan Department of Computer Science Johns Hopkins University United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Emory University United States Department of Radiation Oncology Winship Cancer Institute Emory University United States

Vision-language models (VLMs) have made significant progress in reasoning within natural scenes, yet their potential in medical imaging remains largely underexplored. Medical reasoning tasks, which require robust image analysis and the generation of well-justified answers, present unique challenges due to the inherent complexity of medical images. Transparency and trustworthiness are critical not only for gaining clinicians’ confidence but also for meeting stringent regulatory requirements. To address these challenges, we propose Med-R1, a novel framework that investigates whether reinforcement learning (RL) can enhance the generalizability and trustworthiness of VLMs in medical reasoning. Building on the recently introduced DeepSeek strategy, we adopt Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) for RL, which encourages models to explore reasoning paths guided by reward signals. Unlike supervised fine-tuning (SFT), which often overfits to training data and struggles with generalization, RL enables models to develop more robust and diverse reasoning capabilities. We comprehensively evaluate Med-R1 across eight distinct medical imaging modalities: Computed Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Ultrasound, Dermoscopy, Fundus Photography, Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), Microscopy Images, and X-ray Imaging. Compared to the base model, Qwen2-VL-2B, Med-R1 achieves a 29.94% improvement in average accuracy across these modalities and even outperforms Qwen2-VL-72B—a model with 36 times more parameters. To assess model’s generalization abilities, we further test on five different question types: modality recognition, anatomy identification, disease diagnosis, lesion grading, and biological attribute analysis. Med-R1 also demonstrates superior cross-task generalization, outperforming Qwen2-VL-2B by 32.06% and Qwen2-VL-72B in question-type generalization accuracy. These results highlight that RL not only enhances medical reasoning capabilities but also enables p

关键词： Visual languages

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Metaverse for Education: Developments, Challenges, and Future Direction

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computer Applications in engineering Education 2025年第3期33卷

作者： Chamola, Vinay Peelam, Mritunjay Shall Mittal, Uday Hassija, Vikas Singh, Anushka Pareek, Ritawari Mangal, Poorvi Sangwan, Devika de Albuquerque, Victor Hugo C. Mahmud, Mufti Brown, David J. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Internet of Things Research Group APPCAIR BITS-Pilani Rajasthan Pilani India Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering BITS-Pilani Rajasthan Pilani India School of Computer Engineering Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology Odisha Bhubaneswar India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Jaypee Institute of Information Technology Uttar Pradesh Noida India Department of Humanities and Social Sciences BITS-Pilani Rajasthan Pilani India Fortaleza Brazil Department of Computer Science Computing and Informatics Research Centre Medical Technologies Innovation Facility at Nottingham Trent University Clifton Lane Nottingham United Kingdom Department of Computer Science Computing and Informatics Research Centre at Nottingham Trent University Clifton Lane Nottingham United Kingdom

The rapid advancements in digital technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), mixed reality (MR), extended reality (XR), and the internet of things (IoT) have revolutionized various sectors, including education. Metaverse, a convergence of these transformative technologies, offers immersive, personalized, and interactive experiences, making it a powerful tool in modern education. This paper explores the Metaverse's role in enhancing education by examining its architecture, types, and components while addressing practical implementation challenges, and follows a structured review protocol to ensure a comprehensive analysis, including systematic research, paper selection, and a critical examination of relevant studies from reputable databases such as Google Scholar, IEEE Xplore, ACM, and Springer. The research objectives focus on evaluating the Metaverse's applications in education, ethical challenges, technological limitations, and potential strategies for sustainable integration. Key research questions address the need for Metaverse adoption in education, its benefits, challenges, and future directions. The Metaverse cultivates essential skills such as empathy, ethical reasoning, and effective communication by providing students with customized, immersive learning environments. However, ethical concerns, technical barriers, and infrastructural costs pose significant obstacles to its widespread adoption. It discusses strategies to solve these barriers, explores applications in distance learning, and proposes future research directions to create scalable and sustainable educational models in the Metaverse. Through this structured inquiry, the paper establishes the Metaverse as a transformative force in education, blending technological innovation with instructional advancement. © 2025 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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Designing Quantum-Safe Lattice-Based Multi-Authority CP-ABE Scheme for Blockchain-Enabled IoT-Based Consumer Healthcare Electronics

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IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 2025年

作者： Bagchi, Prithwi Bisht, Abhishek Das, Ashok Kumar Saxena, Neetesh Hossain, M. Shamim International Institute of Information Technology Center for Security Theory and Algorithmic Research Hyderabad500 032 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering College of Informatics Korea University 145 Anam-ro Seongbuk-gu Seoul02841 Korea Republic of Cardiff University School of Computer Science and Informatics CardiffCF24 4AG United Kingdom King Saud University College of Computer and Information Sciences Department of Software Engineering Riyadh13273 Saudi Arabia

Despite edge computing reducing communication delays associated with cloud computing, privacy concerns remain a significant challenge when sharing data from edge-based consumer electronics (CE) or Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices. Ciphertext policy attribute-based encryption (CP-ABE) is a cryptographic tool that facilitates intricate and refined access control. It can deliver more flexible, secure, compact, and effective access control policies for the cloud data. In the case of a conventional CP-ABE scheme, the keys can only be issued and disseminated by a trusted central authority (CA). However, if the CA is compromised, the entire system becomes more susceptible to assaults or failures, which leads to a single-point failure. In this article, we propose a Ring-Learning with Errors (Ring-LWE)-based MA-CP-ABE scheme that is effectively resolved by the multi-authority CP-ABE (MA-CP-ABE), and it ensures the security against quantum attacks. The threshold secret sharing by Shamir and the Lagrange interpolation formula are applied in the key-generation and decryption procedures of the proposed scheme, which make it easier to segment and restore the private keys. The proposed scheme is implemented in the CE-enabled IoT-based smart healthcare applications using the blockchain technology as a secure storage. A detailed comparative study, security analysis and experimental results with the existing relevant schemes shows that the proposed scheme exhibits superior security and better efficiency as compared to other schemes, demonstrating its feasibility in practical IoT-based healthcare applications. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Quantum cryptography

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OBoctNet: Enhancing Ophthalmic Biomarker Detection Through Active Learning and Explainable AI in Radiological Analysis

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Cognitive Computation 2025年第3期17卷 1-18页

作者： Acharja, Samya Hasan, Md. Zahid Chamok, Farjana Haque Fahim, Kayes Uddin Shuva, Taslima Ferdaus Bulbul, Abdullah Al-Mamun Khan, Risala Tasin Rahman, Md. Tanvir Kaiser, M. Shamim Mahmud, Mufti Moni, Mohammad Ali Health Informatics Research Lab Department of Computer Science and Engineering Daffodil International University Daffodil Smart City Savar Dhaka1341 Bangladesh School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences The University of Queensland St Lucia BrisbaneQLD4072 Australia Electronics and Communication Engineering Discipline Khulna University Khulna9208 Bangladesh Institute of Information Technology Jahangirnagar University Savar Dhaka1342 Bangladesh Department of Information and Communication Technology Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University Tangail1902 Bangladesh Information and Computer Science Department King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Dhahran31261 Saudi Arabia SDAIA-KFUPM Joint Research Center for AI King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Dhahran31261 Saudi Arabia Interdisciplinary Research Center for Bio Systems and Machines King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Dhahran31261 Saudi Arabia AI and Cyber Futures Institute Charles Sturt University BathurstNSW2795 Australia Rural Health Research Institute Charles Sturt University OrangeNSW2800 Australia School of Information Technology Washington University of Science and Technology AlexandriaVA22314 United States

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) scanning is crucial for the diagnosis of widespread ophthalmic diseases. Traditionally, experts manually identify diseases and biomarkers from OCT scans. Recently, modern medical imaging practices have increasingly utilized deep learning techniques to speed up and improve diagnostic accuracy in ophthalmology. However, obtaining accurately labeled datasets is a significant challenge in medical imaging due to the expertise required for precise annotation by trained professionals. This article presents a novel method, named OBoctNet, with a new two-stage training strategy to improve the identification of ophthalmic biomarkers using OCT scans from the OLIVES dataset, which contains only 12% labeled data. This approach leverages a robust methodology that effectively uses labeled and unlabeled data to enhance biomarker identification accuracy, achieving a cumulative performance increase of 23% across 50% of the biomarkers when compared to the previous studies. To better identify biomarkers, the OBoctNet employs an active learning strategy that uses unlabeled data and dynamically ensembles models based on their performance within each experimental setup. Additionally, the usage of Gradient weighted Class Activation Mapping (GradCAM) helps identify regions of interest associated with relevant biomarkers, enhancing interpretability and transparency for potential clinical adoption. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Semi-supervised learning

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Probabilistic Health Monitoring and Maintenance Scheduling for Nuclear Power Systems

Probabilistic Health Monitoring and Maintenance Scheduling f...

引用

AIAA Science and technology Forum and Exposition, AIAA SciTech Forum 2025

作者： Amer, Ahmad Tsilifis, Panagiotis Saxena, Abhinav Baglietto, Emilio Khan, Genghis Probabilistic Design & Material Informatics GE Aerospace Research Niskayuna NY12309 United States Robotics AI & Computer Vision GE Vernova Advanced Research Niskayuna NY12309 United States AI & Computer Vision GE Aerospace Research San RamonCA94583 United States Department of Nuclear Science & Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Sustainable Systems GE Aerospace Research Niskayuna NY12309 United States

ISBN: (数字)9781624107238

ISBN: (纸本)9781624107238

Operations and Maintenance (O&M) cost optimization in the nuclear energy industry is an imperative task for developing sustainable systems and efficient renewable technologies. We present a modular probabilistic framework for addressing maintenance scheduling challenges for small modular nuclear reactors using a Dynamic Bayesian Network (DBN) approach that monitors fatigue and performance in multiple subsystems of the reactors and provides a probabilistic assessment for potential failure events. The DBN framework fuses information from potential digital twins that assimilate real time data from several sensors with different time granularities in order to monitor and update thecurrentstate of knowledge aboutthestatus of several fatigue or performance criteria. Comprised of multi-modal digital twins (empirical, data- and physics-based twins), this DBN serves as a predictive framework forecasting the future state of specific reactor subsystems and enhancing decision-making capabilities associated with preventing system failure and minimizing the time and cost of maintenance events. The work presented in this paper is a holistic approach for monitoring and safeguarding complex, multi-component engineering systems where maintenance scheduling is critical and does not restrict itself to nuclear environments. However, our goal is to illustrate how such a framework can be adjusted to small modular water reactors. © 2025, American institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc, AIAA. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nuclear energy

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Pose Estimation of Spacecraft Using Dual Transformers and Efficient Bayesian Hyperparameter Optimization

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International Journal of Advanced computer Science and Applications 2025年第4期16卷 629-644页

作者： Raja, N. Kannaiya Ramesh, Janjhyam Venkata Naga El-Ebiary, Yousef A. Baker Muniyandy, Elangovan Reddy, N. Konda Kumar, Vanipenta Ravi Devarasetty, Prasad School of Computing Science and Engineering VIT Bhopal University Madhya Pradesh Bhopal466114 India Department of CSE Graphic Era Hill University Dehradun248002 India Department of CSE Graphic Era Deemed To Be University Uttarakhand Dehradun248002 India Faculty of Informatics and Computing UniSZA University Malaysia Department of Biosciences Saveetha School of Engineering Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Chennai602 105 India Applied Science Research Center Applied Science Private University Amman Jordan Department of Engineering Mathematics K L University Greenfields Guntur Dist Andhra Pradesh Vaddeswaram522302 India Department of Mathematics Annamacharya University New Boyanapalli Rajampet India Department of Computer Science and Engineering DVR & Dr HS MIC College of Technology Andhra Pradesh Kanchikacherla India

Spacecraft pose estimation is an essential contribution to facilitating central space mission activities like autonomous navigation, rendezvous, docking, and on-orbit servicing. Nonetheless, methods like Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM), and Particle Filtering suffer significant drawbacks when implemented in space. Such techniques tend to have high computational complexity, low domain generalization capacity for varied or unknown conditions (domain generalization problem), and accuracy loss with noise from the space environment causes such as fluctuating lighting, sensor limitations, and background interference. In order to overcome these challenges, this study suggests a new solution through the combination of a Dual-Channel Transformer Network with Bayesian Optimization methods. The innovation is at the center with the utilization of EfficientNet, augmented with squeeze-and-excitation attention modules, to extract feature-rich representations without sacrificing computational efficiency. The dual-channel architecture dissects satellite pose estimation into two dedicated streams—translational data prediction and orientation estimation via quaternion-based activation functions for rotational precision. Activation maps are transformed into transformer-compatible sequences via 1×1 convolutions, allowing successful learning in the transformer's encoder-decoder system. To maximize model performance, Bayesian Optimization with Gaussian Process Regression and the Upper Confidence Bound (UCB) acquisition function makes the optimal hyperparameter selection with fewer queries, conserving time and resources. This entire framework, used here in Python and verified with the SLAB Satellite Pose Estimation Challenge dataset, had an outstanding Mean IOU of 0.9610, reflecting higher accuracy compared to standard models. In total, this research sets a new standard for spacecraft pose estimation, by marrying the versatility of deep le

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Generative AI-Enabled Quantum Encryption Algorithm for Securing IoT-Based Healthcare Application Using Blockchain

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年

作者： Prajapat, Sunil Kumar, Pankaj Das, Ashok Kumar Muhammad, Ghulam Central University of Himachal Pradesh Srinivasa Ramanujan Department of Mathematics Dharamshala176215 India International Institute of Information Technology Center for Security Theory and Algorithmic Research Hyderabad500 032 India Korea University College of Informatics Department of Computer Science and Engineering Anam-ro Seoul145 Korea Republic of King Saud University College of Computer and Information Sciences Department of Computer Engineering Riyadh11543 Saudi Arabia

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) with the Internet of Things (IoT) has transformed numerous domains through the AI of Things (AIoT). Nonetheless, AIoT encounters issues related to energy usage and carbon emissions as mobile technology continues to progress. Generative AI (GAI) possesses significant potential to mitigate carbon emissions associated with AIoT, owing to its higher reasoning and generative powers. Conventional security protocols frequently encounter issues with computational efficiency, latency, and overall security comprehensiveness. Blockchain technology, characterized by its decentralized and immutable properties, is a viable approach for improving electronic healthcare data transmission and node authentication in IoT networks. This research examines secure data transmission and node encryption in IoT systems, with a particular emphasis on data management. Conventional approaches encounter constraints in computational efficiency, latency, and comprehensive security. This study presents a novel protocol that combines GAI and blockchain technology with quantum encryption to enhance authentication and ensure secure data transmission. The algorithm comprises multiple consecutive processes, including the encoding and transmission of node requests, followed by the authentication process utilizing hash functions and digital signatures. The authentication approach utilizes a challenge-response technique, guaranteeing that only nodes with authentic credentials can advance. Thereafter, a dynamic key exchange protocol and quantum encryption method provide secure data delivery. The results indicate the procedure’s effectiveness in ensuring secure and regulated access to patient data, underscoring its significance in medical facilities. The system’s functionalities are augmented by a thorough evaluation employing machine learning. The findings indicate that the system exhibits an accuracy of 99.4%, precision of 99.10%, recall of 98.66%, F1-score of

关键词： Quantum computers

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