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International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing (IPDPS)

作者： Yuichi Asahiro Jesper Jansson Eiji Miyano Hirotaka Ono Department of Social Information Systems Kyushu Sangyo University Fukuoka Japan Ochanomizu University Bunkyo Tokyo Japan Department of Systems Design and Informatics Kyushu Institute of Technology Fukuoka Japan Department of Computer Science and Communication Engineering Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan

We study a new variant of the graph orientation problem called MAXMINO where the input is an undirected, edge-weighted graph and the objective is to assign a direction to each edge so that the minimum weighted outdegree (taken over all vertices in the resulting directed graph) is maximized. All edge weights are assumed to be positive integers. This problem is closely related to the job scheduling on parallel machines, called the machine covering problem, where its goal is to assign jobs to parallel machines such that each machine is covered as much as possible. First, we prove that MAXMINO is strongly NP-hard and cannot be approximated within a ratio of 2 = ¿ for constant ¿ > 0 in polynomial time unless P = NP, even if all edge weights belong to {2}, every vertex has degree at most three, and the input graph is bipartite or planar. Next, we show how to solve MAXMINO exactly in polynomial time for the special case in which all edge weights are equal to 1. This technique gives us a simple polynomial-time w max /w min - approximation algorithm for MAXMINO where w max and w min denote the maximum and minimum weights among all the input edges. Furthermore we also observe that this approach yields an exact algorithm for the general case of MAXMINO whose running time is polynomial whenever the number of edges having weight larger than w min is at most logarithmic in the number of vertices. Finally, we, show that MAXMINO is solvable in polynomial time if the input is a cactus graph.

关键词： Polynomials Parallel machines Approximation algorithms

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Common and distinct neural substrates of forward-chaining and backward-chaining syllogistic reasoning

Common and distinct neural substrates of forward-chaining an...

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IEEE/ICME International Conference on Complex Medical Engineering, CME

作者： Xiuqin Jia Shengfu Lu Ning Zhong Yiyu Yao Kuncheng Li Yanhui Yang International WIC Institute Beijing University of Technology Beijing China International WIC Institute School of Electronics Information and Control Engineering Beijing University of Technology Beijing China Department of Life Science and Informatics Maebashi Institute of Technology Maebashi Japan Department of Computer Science University of Regina Regina Canada Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China

Syllogistic reasoning is a form of deductive reasoning in which a logical conclusion is drawn from premises. Forward-chaining syllogistic reasoning refers to response pattern of figure 1 syllogism (M-P, S-M, S-P with response chain of S-M-P) and backward-chaining syllogistic reasoning refers to response pattern of figure 4 syllogism (P-M, S-M, S-P with response chain of P-M-S). Previous psychological studies show that forward-chaining is significantly higher accuracy and less response time, and backward-chaining is significantly lower accuracy and more response time. However, little is known about the underlying neural mechanisms. We carried out a study using event-related fMRI to clarify their neural substrates. Conjunction analysis showed common areas of activations were the bilateral caudate, the left ventral lateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC), the left superior parietal lobule, and the right lingual gyrus. Direct comparisons showed distinct area of activation for forward-chaining in contrast to backward-chaining involved more activation in the left inferior parietal lobule, whereas backward-chaining in contrast to forward-chaining recruited the left dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), the left medial frontal gyrus, and the right cerebellum. The results suggested that forward-chaining and backward-chaining syllogistic reasoning engaged distinct neural substrates based on common brain areas.

关键词： Delay Educational technology Hospitals Statistics Psychology Recruitment Brain Laboratories Control engineering informatics

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Estimation of oxygen tension in retinal capillaries from phosphorescence lifetime images

Estimation of oxygen tension in retinal capillaries from pho...

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IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging

作者： Isa Yildirim Rashid Ansari Justin Wanek I. Samil Yetik Mahnaz Shahidi The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois Chicago USA The Informatics Institute of Istanbul Technical University Istanbul TR Turkey The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois Chicago IL The Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Illinois Chicago IL USA The Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Illinois Chicago IL Medical Imaging Research Center Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago IL

ISBN: (纸本)9781424439317

Investigating the effect of retinal oxygenation abnormalities in the development of common eye diseases requires accurate assessment of oxygen tension in retinal vasculatures. Estimation of oxygen tension in retinal capillaries using phosphorescence lifetime imaging is addressed in this paper. Separation from tissue and oxygen tension estimation is a more challenging task for capillaries when compared with large retinal vessels due to the finer structure and noise predominance in capillaries. An automated segmentation procedure is applied using the EM algorithm and noise contamination is reduced using a regularization method unlike previous approaches to capillary analysis where segmentation was done manually and noise contamination was ignored. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method by applying it to the retinal image data acquired from rat eyes, and we show that the oxygen tension estimate of retinal capillaries falls in the physiologically expected range.

关键词： Life estimation Lifetime estimation Retina Phosphorescence Image segmentation Noise reduction Contamination Diseases Retinal vessels Algorithm design and analysis

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A deadline-based task scheduling with minimized makespan

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International Journal of Innovative Computing, Information and Control 2009年第6期5卷 1665-1679页

作者： Tseng, Li-Ya Chin, Yeh-Hao Wang, Shu-Ching Department of Computer Science National Tsing Hua University 101 Kuang-Fu Road Hsinchu City 30013 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Informatics Chaoyang University of Technology 168 Jifong E. Rd. Wufong Township Taichung County 41349 Taiwan

Many scheduling heuristics have been dedicated to either HC (Heterogeneous Computing) or Grid computing for the purpose of minimizing makespan. However, both the number and the heterogeneities of computers found in Grid computing are more complex than in HC. Two additional scenarios are included in this study to enhance the completeness of the experiment and to more closely approach real Grid computing situations. This study simulates experiments in a dynamic environment since the nature of Grid computing is dynamic. Min-min heuristic is the benchmark of such kinds of task and computer scheduling problems. In this study, the Min-minll dynamic scheduling heuristic is proposed that utilizes task deadline and task assignment time to testify that Min-minll can outperform Min-min makespan. © 2009 ISSN.

关键词： Grid computing

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Naturally occurring data as research instrument: Analyzing examination responses to study the novice programmer

SIGCSE Bulletin Inroads

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SIGCSE Bulletin Inroads 2009年第4期41卷

作者： Clear, Tony Bouvier, Dennis J. Jacková, Jana Robbins, Phil Lister, Raymond Carter, Paul Lopez, Mike Seppälä, Otto Simon Eckerdal, Anna McCartney, Robert Thompson, Errol School of Comp. and Math. Sciences AUT University New Zealand Department of Computer Science Southern Illinois Univ. Edwardsville United States Faculty of Manag. Sci. and Informatics University of Zilina Slovakia Department of Computer Science University of British Columbia Canada Manukau Institute of Technology New Zealand Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Helsinki University of Technology Finland Faculty of Science and IT University of Newcastle Australia Dept of Information Technology Uppsala University Sweden Dept Comp. Sci. and Engineering University of Connecticut United States United Kingdom

In New Zealand and Australia, the BRACElet project has been investigating students' acquisition of programming skills in introductory programming courses. The project has explored students' skills in basic syntax, tracing code, understanding code, and writing code, seeking to establish the relationships between these skills. This ITiCSE working group report presents the most recent step in the BRACElet project, which includes replication of earlier analysis using a far broader pool of naturally occurring data, refinement of the SOLO taxonomy in code-explaining questions, extension of the taxonomy to code-writing questions, extension of some earlier studies on students' 'doodling' while answering exam questions, and exploration of a further theoretical basis for work that until now has been primarily empirical.

关键词： Students

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Interpolation based fuzzy automaton for human-robot interaction 9th

Interpolation based fuzzy automaton for human-robot interact...

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9th IFAC Symposium on Robot Control, SYROCO 2009

作者： Kovács, Szilveszter Vincze, Dávid Gácsi, Márta Miklósi, Ádám Korondi, Péter Department of Automation University of Miskolc Miskolc-Egyetemváros MiskolcH-3515 Hungary Department of Cybernetics and AI Technical University of Kosice Letná 9/B Košice04120 Slovakia Department of Information Technology University of Miskolc Miskolc-Egyetemváros MiskolcH-3515 Hungary Department of Ethology Eötvös University Pázmány P. 1/c BudapestH-1117 Hungary Computer and Automation Research Institute Hungarian Academy of Sciences Department of Mechatronics Optics and Applied Informatics Budapest University of Technology and Economics Po.Box. 91 BudapestH-1521 Hungary

ISBN: (纸本)9781617825583

One way of handling Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) is based on the concept, that the robot acts like an animal companion to human. According to this paradigm the Robot should not be molded to mimic the human being, and form human-to-human like communication, but to follow the existing biological examples and form inter-species interaction. The 20.000 year old human-dog relationship is a good example for this paradigm of the HRI, as interaction of different species. One good reason of this approach in HRI is the lack of the "uncanny valley" effect i.e. increasing similarity of robots to humans will actually increase the chances that humans refuse interaction (will be frightened). In this paper, for ethologically inspired HRI model implementation, a fuzzy model structure built upon the framework of low computational demand Fuzzy Rule Interpolation (FRI) methods and fuzzy automaton is suggested. The application of FRI methods fits well the conceptually "spare rule-based" structure of the existing descriptive verbal ethological models. (In case of the descriptive verbal ethological models, the "completeness" of the rule-base is not required). The main benefit of the FRI method adaptation in ethological model implementation is the fact, that it has a simple rule-based knowledge representation format. Because of this, even after numerical optimization of the model, the rules are still "human readable", and helps the formal validation of the model by the ethological experts. On the other side due to the FRI base, the model has still low computational demand and fits directly the requirements of the embedded implementations. For demonstrating the applicability of the proposed structure, some components of a human-dog interaction FRI model, which also suitable for HRI, will be briefly introduced in this paper.

关键词： Human robot interaction

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Vibro-tactile feedback for VR systems

Vibro-tactile feedback for VR systems

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Conference on Human System Interactions, HSI

作者： Gabor Sziebig Bjorn Solvang Csaba Kiss Peter Korondi Department of Industrial Engineering Narvik University College Narvik Norway Department of Automation and Applied Informatics Budapest University슠of슠Technology슠and슠Economics Budapest Hungary Computer and Automation Research Institute Hungarian Academy of Sciences (ATOMKI) Budapest Hungary

Today, in production engineering we have already taken into usage complex virtual representations of the manufacturing environment were we can program, simulate, analyse and optimise key performances. Such systems are mainly working through keyboard/ mouse input while user feedback normally are direct visual through computer screen and text files. Such communication only relays on a limited spectre of our senses and the keyboard/mouse/screen systems cannot be said to be very human friendly, especially when the operator is expected to operate ldquoout of officerdquo in a unstructured, maybe dangerous or dirty, environment. In the near future we expect to see more advanced input/output devices like motion capturing and speech input systems while feedback will not be visual alone but include several other human senses. Combinatorial sensory information, interpreted by the human brain, becomes very handy when a stand alone sense is not enough to interpret the actual situation. Imitation of senses and feedback from virtual reality environments always meant a great problem. Realization of two (sight and hearing) out of the five human senses is indispensable. Simulation of these two senses is not complex issue; on the contrary the other three are quite challenging. This paper describes the development of a vibro-tactile glove which can provide sensory feedback from a virtual environment, either as a stand alone system but most important in combination with sight and audio feedback systems. Instead of implementing real force feedback, the focus is on tactile sensing, as an alternative way of achieving the same feedback. The glove contains six vibration motors on different locations on the hand. These locations include all five fingers, and the palm. Communication with the glove is wireless, enabling free movement for the user. The system is low cost and very small sized which allows for combining it with advanced input devices like a motion capturing suit.

关键词： Virtual reality Humans Keyboards Mice Force feedback Production engineering Virtual manufacturing Computational modeling Analytical models Performance analysis

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Spectral effects of strong χ(2) nonlinearity for quantum processing

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Physical Review A 2009年第4期79卷 042307-042307页

作者： Patrick M. Leung William J. Munro Kae Nemoto Timothy C. Ralph Department of Physics Centre for Quantum Computer Technology University of Queensland Brisbane 4072 Australia Hewlett-Packard Laboratories Filton Road Stoke Giord Bristol BS34 8QZ United Kingdom National Institute of Informatics 2-1-2 Hitotsubashi Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101-8430 Japan

Optical χ(2) nonlinearity can be used for parametric amplification and producing down-converted entangled photon pairs that have broad applications. It is known that weak nonlinear media exhibit dispersion and produce a frequency response. It is therefore of interest to know how spectral effects of a strong χ(2) crystal affect the performance. Here we model the spectral effects of the dispersion of a strong χ(2) crystal and illustrate how this affects its ability to perform Bell measurements and influence the performance of a quantum gates that employ such a Bell measurement. We show that a Dyson series expansion of the unitary operator is necessary in general, leading to unwanted spectral entanglement. We identify a limiting situation employing periodic poling, in which a Taylor series expansion is a good approximation and this entanglement can be removed.

关键词： technology transfer

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Analysis of Autism Prevalence and Neurotoxins Using Combinatorial Fusion and Association Rule Mining

Analysis of Autism Prevalence and Neurotoxins Using Combinat...

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IEEE Symposium on Bioinformatics and Bioengineering (BIBE)

作者： Christina Schweikert Yanjun Li David Dayya David Yens Martin Torrents D. Frank Hsu Laboratory for Informatics and Data Mining Department of Computer & Information Science Fordham University Bronx NY USA Saint Barnabas Hospital Bronx NY USA New York College of Osteopathic Medicine New York Institute of Technology Old Westbury NY USA

The increase in autism prevalence has been the motivation for much research which has produced various theories for its causation. Genetic and environmental factors have been investigated. An area of focus is the affect of exposure to neurotoxins, such as mercury and lead, during critical stages in a childpsilas early development. In this study we apply Combinatorial Fusion Analysis (CFA) and Association Rule Mining (ARM) to autism prevalence, mercury, and lead data to generate hypotheses and explore possible associations.

关键词： Autism Association rules Data mining Genetics USA Councils Information analysis Environmental factors Pediatrics Variable speed drives Bioinformatics

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Polytopic model reconstruction of a pneumatic positioning system

Polytopic model reconstruction of a pneumatic positioning sy...

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International Symposium on Applied Computational Intelligence and informatics ( SACI)

作者： Patricia Grof Zoltan Petres Janos Gyeviki Department of Mechatronics Optics and Information Engineering Budapest University슠of슠Technology슠and슠Economics Budapest Hungary Cognitive Informatics Group Hungarian Academy of Sciences Computer and Automation Research Institute Budapest Hungary Department of Technical and Process Engineering University of Szeged Szeged Hungary

The main contribution of this paper to develop a mathematical model which describes the movement of a piston of pneumatic cylinder controlled by a proportional valve, keeping the non linear behavior of pneumatic system. The linear parameter varying (LPV) representations and linear matrix inequality (LMI) based analysis and system control design are in the focus of modern control theories.

关键词： Sliding mode control Engine cylinders Robust control Vectors Control systems Mathematical model Pistons Automatic control Valves Pneumatic systems

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