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Comparative analysis of text mining and clustering techniques for assessing functional dependency between manual test cases

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software Quality Journal 2025年第2期33卷 1-36页

作者： Tahvili, Sahar Hatvani, Leo Felderer, Michael de Oliveira Neto, Francisco Gomes Afzal, Wasif Feldt, Robert Compute Platforms Engineering Unit Ericsson AB Stockholm Sweden Department of Industrial AI Systems Mälardalen University Västerås Sweden Institute of Software Technology German Aerospace Center Cologne Germany Department of Mathematics and Computer Science University of Cologne Cologne Germany Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden Department of Computer Science and Engineering Blekinge Institute of Technology Karlskrona Sweden Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden

Text mining techniques, particularly those leveraging machine learning for natural language processing, have gained significant attention for qualitative data analysis in software testing. However, their complexity and lack of transparency can pose challenges, especially in safety-critical domains where simpler, interpretable solutions are often preferred unless accuracy is heavily compromised. This study investigates the trade-offs between complexity, effort, accuracy, and utility in text mining and clustering techniques, focusing on their application for detecting functional dependencies among manual integration test cases in safety-critical systems. Using empirical data from an industrial testing project at ALSTOM Sweden, we evaluate various string distance methods, NCD compressors, and machine learning approaches. The results highlight the impact of preprocessing techniques, such as tokenization, and intrinsic factors, such as text length, on algorithm performance. Findings demonstrate how text mining and clustering can be optimized for safety-critical contexts, offering actionable insights for researchers and practitioners aiming to balance simplicity and effectiveness in their testing workflows. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Clustering Natural language processing software testing Text mining

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MLPFormer: MLP-integrated transformer for colorectal histopathology whole slide image segmentation

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第6期37卷 4651-4661页

作者： Wang, Yuxuan Li, Dan Li, Xuechen Guo, Yan Zuo, Yanfei Shen, Linlin Department of Computer Science Wenzhou-Kean University Wenzhou China School of Electronics and Information Engineering Wuyi University Jiangmen China Department of Histo Pathology Shanghai Histo Pathology Diagnostic Center Shanghai China College of Computer Sicence and Software Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data System Computing Technology Shenzhen University Shenzhen China

Colorectal intraepithelial neoplasia is a precancerous lesion of colorectal cancer, which is mainly diagnosed using pathological images. According to the characteristics of lesions, precancerous lesions can be classified into four different grades, i.e., background, normal, low and high level. However, due to the continuity of lesion development, tissue in different stages has high similarity. Recently, visual transformers have achieved impressive results in different visual tasks, due to their capacity of capturing long-range dependencies. However, due to computational cost, transformer cannot well extract detailed feature, which is important for lesion grading. To accurately segment pathological tissues with high similarity, in this work, we embed the multi-head MLP mixer module in the transformer network to extract cell and edge information. Furthermore, we propose a hierarchical MLP decoder to facilitate multi-scale feature fusion. The proposed transformer, namely MLPFormer, achieves remarkable results against competitive baselines on the Histo-CRC Biopsy dataset. The experimental results demonstrate that MLPFormer significantly outperforms the competitive baselines, i.e., a 3% dice improvement is achieved over the SegFormer series. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Image segmentation

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When Crypto Fails: Demystifying Cryptographic Defects in Ethereum Smart Contracts

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IEEE Transactions on software engineering 2025年第5期51卷 1381-1398页

作者： Zhang, Jiashuo Chen, Jiachi Shen, Yiming Zhang, Tao Wang, Yanlin Chen, Ting Gao, Jianbo Chen, Zhong Peking University School of Computer Science Beijing100871 China Sun Yat-sen University School of Software Engineering Zhuhai510275 China Macau University of Science and Technology School of Computer Science and Engineering 999078 China University of Electronic Science and Technology of China School of Computer Science and Engineering Chengdu611731 China Kashi Institute of Electronics and Information Industry Kashi844000 China Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing Key Laboratory of Security and Privacy in Intelligent Transportation Beijing100044 China

Ethereum has officially provided a set of system-level cryptographic APIs to enhance smart contracts with cryptographic capabilities. These APIs have been utilized in over 13.8% of Ethereum transactions, motivating developers to implement various on-chain cryptographic tasks, such as digital signatures. However, since developers may not always be cryptographic experts, their ad-hoc and potentially defective implementations could compromise the theoretical guarantees of cryptography, leading to real-world security issues. To mitigate this threat, we conducted a comprehensive study aimed at demystifying and detecting cryptographic defects in smart contracts. Through the analysis of 3,762 real-world security reports, we defined 12 types of cryptographic defects in smart contracts with detailed descriptions and practical detection patterns. Based on this categorization, we proposed CryptoScan, the first static analyzer to automate the pre-deployment detection of cryptographic defects in smart contracts. CryptoScan utilizes cross-contract and inter-procedure static analysis to identify crypto-related execution paths and employs taint analysis to extract fine-grained crypto-specific semantics for defect detection. Furthermore, we collected a large-scale dataset containing 79,598 real-world crypto-related smart contracts and evaluated CryptoScan's effectiveness on it. The results demonstrated that CryptoScan achieves an overall precision of 96.1% and a recall of 93.3%. Notably, CryptoScan revealed that 19,707 (24.8%) out of 79,598 smart contracts contain at least one cryptographic defect. Although not all defects directly cause financial losses, they indicate prevalent non-standard cryptographic implementations that should be addressed in real-world practices. © 1976-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Smart contract

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FDM-RTDETR: A Multi-Scale Small Target Detection Algorithm

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 88747-88761页

作者： Hongya Wang Yongtao Yu Zhaoxia Tang Faculty of Computer and Software Engineering Huaiyin Institute of Technology Huaian Jiangsu China

To address challenges in uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAV) object detection including complex backgrounds, severe occlusion, dense small objects, and varying lighting conditions, we propose FDM-DETR, a novel detection algorithm specifically designed for small objects in UAV imagery. This method effectively captures global image information by fusing multi-scale spatial features and performing feature extraction in the frequency domain within the backbone network. We design a Dynamic Feature Interaction (DIFI) module with position-based biases in the encoder, enhancing the model’s perception of local features for small objects. In the neck network, we introduce a Multi-Scale Feature Enhancement Pyramid (MSFEP) module to improve feature extraction capabilities for small object detection. Compared to RT-DETR, our improved model achieves performance gains of 2.5% and 2.7% in AP on the Vis-Drone2019 validation and test sets, respectively. While maintaining low computational complexity and parameter count, the method demonstrates significant improvements in detection performance. FDM-DETR exhibits robust practicality and reliability in UAV-based small object detection tasks.

关键词： Feature extraction Object detection Attention mechanisms Autonomous aerial vehicles Transformers Real-time systems Convolutional neural networks Detectors YOLO Lighting

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AI-Enhanced Secure Data Aggregation for Smart Grids with Privacy Preservation

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第1期82卷 799-816页

作者： Congcong Wang Chen Wang Wenying Zheng Wei Gu School of Software Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China School of Information Science and Engineering Zhejiang Sci-Tech UniversityHangzhou310018China State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data Guizhou UniversityGuiyang550025China School of Computer Science and Technology(School of Artificial Intelligence) Zhejiang Sci-Tech UniversityHangzhou310018China School of Computer Science(School of Cyber Science and Engineering) Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China

As smart grid technology rapidly advances,the vast amount of user data collected by smart meter presents significant challenges in data security and privacy *** research emphasizes data security and user privacy concerns within smart ***,existing methods struggle with efficiency and security when processing large-scale *** efficient data processing with stringent privacy protection during data aggregation in smart grids remains an urgent *** paper proposes an AI-based multi-type data aggregation method designed to enhance aggregation efficiency and security by standardizing and normalizing various data *** approach optimizes data preprocessing,integrates Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)networks for handling time-series data,and employs homomorphic encryption to safeguard user *** also explores the application of Boneh Lynn Shacham(BLS)signatures for user *** proposed scheme’s efficiency,security,and privacy protection capabilities are validated through rigorous security proofs and experimental analysis.

关键词： Smart grid data security privacy protection artificial intelligence data aggregation

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Cost-Optimized Task Offloading for Dependent Applications in Collaborative Edge and Cloud Computing

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第9期12卷 12975-12988页

作者： Yuan, Haitao Hu, Qinglong Wang, Shen Bi, Jing Buyya, Rajkumar Lu, Jinhu Yang, Jinhong Zhang, Jia Zhou, MengChu Beihang University School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering Beijing100191 China City University of Hong Kong Department of Computer Science Kowloon Tong Hong Kong Beijing University of Technology School of Software Engineering Faculty of Information Technology Beijing100124 China Laboratory School of Computing and Information Systems MelbourneVIC3010 Australia CSSC Systems Engineering Research Institute Beijing100036 China Southern Methodist University Lyle School of Engineering Department of Computer Science DallasTX75205 United States New Jersey Institute of Technology Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering NewarkNJ07102 United States

A collaborative system that includes mobile devices (MDs), edge nodes (ENs), and the cloud is needed where ENs at the network edge can run offloaded tasks of MDs with limited resources and energy for timely processing for latency-sensitive applications. Unlike existing studies, we formulate a total cost minimization problem for the system for applications, which can be divided into several interdependent subtasks. Each subtask can be executed in MDs, ENs, and the cloud. This work formulates a mixed-integer nonlinear program to minimize the total system cost. To address it, a novel meta-heuristic optimization algorithm called Genetic Simulated-annealing-based Particle swarm optimization with Auto-Encoder (GSPAE) is proposed, which innovatively combines feature extraction of deep learning and global search of meta-heuristic optimization. Genetic operations provide diverse solutions, the Metropolis acceptance of annealing offers a robust global search, and autoencoders (AEs) extract distribution characteristics of particles toward high-quality regions for fast convergence. Thus, GSPAE optimizes the associations between ENs and MDs and the scheduling of subtasks among MDs, ENs, and the cloud. Experiments with large-scale Google cluster datasets show that compared to state-of-the-art benchmark methods, GSPAE reduces the total cost by at least 17% while strictly meeting limits of application latency, available energy, computing, and communication resources of ENs and MDs. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Mobile edge computing

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Design and Modeling of a Photonic Crystal Multiplexer Using Artificial Intelligence

Advanced Electromagnetics

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Advanced Electromagnetics 2025年第1期14卷 59-64页

作者： Karami, Pouya Yahya, Salah I. Palash, Behnam Chaudhary, Muhammad Akmal Assaad, Maher Parandin, Fariborz Roshani, Saeed Hazzazi, Fawwaz Roshani, Sobhan Department of Electrical Engineering Kermanshah Branch Islamic Azad University Kermanshah Iran Department of Communication and Computer Engineering Cihan University-Erbil Erbil44001 Iraq Department of Software Engineering Faculty of Engineering Koya University KOY45 Koya Iraq Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of Engineering and Information Technology Ajman University 346 Ajman United Arab Emirates Department of Electrical Engineering College of Engineering Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University Al-Kharj11492 Saudi Arabia

In this paper, design and modeling of an all-optical 2×1 multiplexer based on 2D photonic crystals and artificial neural networks (ANNs) are presented. The proposed structure aims to maximize the difference between the output powers in logical states, which is critical for enhancing the system ability to distinguish between these states. In this study, an ANN model is employed to accurately predict the normalized output power of the designed photonic crystal multiplexer, providing a time-efficient alternative to conventional simulation methods for analyzing multiplexer behavior across various logical states. The results demonstrate significant improvements in signal separation and overall performance compared to previous works. Additionally, a detailed comparison of the normalized output power for different logic states is provided, highlighting the advantages of the proposed design. © 2025, Advanced Electromagnetics. All rights reserved.

关键词： Silicon photonics

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Zero Trust Networks: Evolution and Application from Concept to Practice

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第2期82卷 1593-1613页

作者： Yongjun Ren Zhiming Wang Pradip Kumar Sharma Fayez Alqahtani Amr Tolba Jin Wang School of Computer Science School of Cyber Science and EngineeringEngineering Research Center of Digital ForensicsMinistry of EducationNanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China Department of Computing Science University of AberdeenAberdeenAB243FXUK Software Engineering Department College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh12372Saudi Arabia Computer Science Department Community CollegeKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11437Saudi Arabia Sanya Institute of Hunan University of Science and Technology Sanya572024China

In the context of an increasingly severe cybersecurity landscape and the growing complexity of offensive and defen-sive techniques,Zero Trust Networks(ZTN)have emerged as a widely recognized *** Trust not only addresses the shortcomings of traditional perimeter security models but also consistently follows the fundamental principle of“never trust,always verify.”Initially proposed by John Cortez in 2010 and subsequently promoted by Google,the Zero Trust model has become a key approach to addressing the ever-growing security threats in complex network *** paper systematically compares the current mainstream cybersecurity models,thoroughly explores the advantages and limitations of the Zero Trust model,and provides an in-depth review of its components and key ***,it analyzes the latest research achievements in the application of Zero Trust technology across various fields,including network security,6G networks,the Internet of Things(IoT),and cloud computing,in the context of specific use *** paper also discusses the innovative contributions of the Zero Trust model in these fields,the challenges it faces,and proposes corresponding solutions and future research directions.

关键词： Zero trust cybersecurity software-defined perimeter micro-segmentation internet of things

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Task Consistent Prototype Learning for Incremental Few-Shot Semantic Segmentation 27th

Task Consistent Prototype Learning for Incremental Few-Shot...

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27th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, ICPR 2024

作者： Xu, Wenbo Wu, Yanan Jiang, Haoran Wang, Yang Wu, Qiang Zhang, Jian Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology University of Technology Sydney Sydney2007 Australia School of Computer and Information Technology Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing100044 China Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Concordia University MontrealH3G2J1 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9783031783463

Incremental Few-Shot Semantic Segmentation (iFSS) tackles a task that requires a model to continually expand its segmentation capability on novel classes using only a few annotated examples. Typical incremental approaches encounter a challenge that the objective of the base training phase (fitting base classes with sufficient instances) does not align with the incremental learning phase (rapidly adapting to new classes with less forgetting). This disconnect can result in suboptimal performance in the incremental setting. This study introduces a meta-learning-based prototype approach that encourages the model to learn how to adapt quickly while preserving previous knowledge. Concretely, we mimic the incremental evaluation protocol during the base training session by sampling a sequence of pseudo-incremental tasks. Each task in the simulated sequence is trained using a meta-objective to enable rapid adaptation without forgetting. To enhance discrimination among class prototypes, we introduce prototype space redistribution learning, which dynamically updates class prototypes to establish optimal inter-prototype boundaries within the prototype space. Extensive experiments on iFSS datasets built upon PASCAL and COCO benchmarks show the advanced performance of the proposed approach, offering valuable insights for addressing iFSS challenges. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Semantic Segmentation

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ICCG:low-cost and efficient consistency with adaptive synchronization for metadata replication

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Frontiers of computer Science 2025年第1期19卷 53-70页

作者： Chenhao ZHANG Liang WANG Jing SHANG Zhiwen XIAO Limin XIAO Meng HAN Bing WEI Runnan SHEN Jinquan WANG State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China School of Computer Science and Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China School of Cyberspace Security Hainan UniversityHaikou 570228China China Mobile Information Technology Center Beijing 100033China

The rapid growth in the storage scale of wide-area distributed file systems (DFS) calls for fast and scalable metadata management. Metadata replication is the widely used technique for improving the performance and scalability of metadata management. Because of the POSIX requirement of file systems, many existing metadata management techniques utilize a costly design for the sake of metadata consistency, leading to unacceptable performance overhead. We propose a new metadata consistency maintenance method (ICCG), which includes an incremental consistency guaranteed directory tree synchronization (ICGDT) and a causal consistency guaranteed replica index synchronization (CCGRI), to ensure system performance without sacrificing metadata consistency. ICGDT uses a flexible consistency scheme based on the state of files and directories maintained through the conflict state tree to provide an incremental consistency for metadata, which satisfies both metadata consistency and performance requirements. CCGRI ensures low latency and consistent access to data by establishing a causal consistency for replica indexes through multi-version extent trees and logical time. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our methods. Compared with the strong consistency policies widely used in modern DFSes, our methods significantly improve the system performance. For example, in file creation, ICCG can improve the performance of directory tree operations by at least 36.4 times.

关键词： metadata management metadata replication consistency directory tree replica index

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