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Uncertain decision-making schemes for knowledge based anatomical landmark localization (K-BALL)

Uncertain decision-making schemes for knowledge based anatom...

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Conference of the North American Fuzzy Information Processing Society - NAFIPS

作者： M.R. Siadat H. Soltanian-Zadeh K. Elisevich Radiology Image Analysis Laboratory Henry Ford Health System Detroit MI USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Tehran Tehran Iran

We have proposed a method for localization of anatomical landmarks comprised of two steps: 1) information extraction, and 2) information analysis. The focus of this paper is on the second step during which a set of points, found in the first step, is evaluated. This step utilizes a set of rules and eventually generates a confidence factor (CNF) for each set of points that indicates as to what degree they are good representatives of the "landmarks of interest". We also propose two alternative decision-making schemes: 1) Bayesian networks, and 2) possibilistic inference methods. The latter design is expected to outperform the other two as it utilizes both desired and undesired information. Our simulation study resulted in very similar performance for the rule-based and Bayesian schemes. The overall success rate (average of sensitivity and specificity) of the entire proposed method in localization of the hippocampus on MRI images was 83.3% with an accuracy of 99.2% (using rule-based decision-making scheme).

关键词： Decision making Data mining Information analysis Bayesian methods Hippocampus Sensitivity and specificity Brain modeling Deformable models Anatomical structure image analysis

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Optical flow-based tracking of deformable objects using a non-prior training active feature model 5th

Optical flow-based tracking of deformable objects using a no...

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5th Pacific Rim Conference on Multimedia, PCM 2004

作者： Kim, Sangjin Kang, Jinyoung Shin, Jeongho Lee, Seongwon Paik, Joonki Kang, Sangkyu Abidi, Besma Abidi, Mongi Image Processing and Intelligent Systems Laboratory Department of Image Engineering Graduate School of Advanced Imaging Science Multimedia and Film Chung-Ang University 221 Huksuk-Dong Tongjak-Ku Seoul156-756 Korea Republic of Imaging Robotics and Intelligent Systems Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Tennessee KnoxvilleTN37996-2100 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783540239857

This paper presents a feature point tracking algorithm using optical flow under the non-prior training active feature model (NPT-AFM) framework. The proposed algorithm mainly focuses on analysis of deformable objects, and provides real-time, robust tracking. The proposed object tracking procedure can be divided into two steps: (i) optical flow-based tracking of feature points and (ii) NPT-AFM for robust tracking. In order to handle occlusion problems in object tracking, feature points inside an object are estimated instead of its shape boundary of the conventional active contour model (ACM) or active shape model (ASM), and are updated as an element of the training set for the AFM. The proposed NPT-AFM framework enables the tracking of occluded objects in complicated background. Experimental results show that the proposed NPT-AFM-based algorithm can track deformable objects in real-time. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2004.

关键词： Optical flows

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Approximation of a linear shift-variant system by a set of linear shift-invariant systems

Approximation of a linear shift-variant system by a set of l...

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International Symposium on Signals, Circuits and Systems (ISSCS)

作者： V. Buzuloiu M. Malciu S.K. Mitra Image Processing and Analysis Laboratory University “Politehnica” of Bucharest Bucharest Romania CERN Geneva Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California at Santa Barbara USA

This paper describes a method to approximate the impulse response of a linear shift-variant system by the impulse responses of a set of linear shift-invariant systems which process in parallel on various windowed versions of the input signal. The method is outlined for one-dimensional systems but the extension to multidimensional case is straightforward.

关键词： Linear approximation Large scale integration image processing image analysis Laboratories Multidimensional systems Linearity image restoration Signal restoration Transfer functions

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Multiperspective Thermal IR and Video Arrays for 3D Body Tracking and Driver Activity analysis

Multiperspective Thermal IR and Video Arrays for 3D Body Tra...

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IEEE computer Society Conference on computer vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW)

作者： Shinko Y. Cheng Sangho Park M.M. Trivedi Computer Vision and Robotics Research Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA

This paper presents a multi-perspective (i.e., four camera views) multi-modal (i.e., thermal infrared and color) video based system for robust and real-time 3D tracking of important body *** multi-perspective characteristics of the system provides 3Dtrajectory of the body parts, while the multi-modal characteristics of the system provides robustness and reliability of feature detection and tracking. The application context for this research is that of intelligent vehicles and driver assistance systems. Experimental results demonstrate effectiveness of the proposed system.

关键词： Cameras computer vision Infrared detectors Humans Head Robustness Robot vision systems image color analysis Real time systems Intelligent vehicles

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3D ROC analysis for medical imaging diagnosis

3D ROC analysis for medical imaging diagnosis

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2005 27th Annual International Conference of the engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE-EMBS 2005

作者： Wang, Su Chang, Chein-I Yang, Sheng-Chih Hsu, Giu-Cheng Hsu, Hsian-He Chung, Pau-Choo Guo, Shu-Mei Lee, San-Kan Remote Sensing Signal and Image Processing Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering University of Maryland Baltimore County Baltimore MD 21250 Department of Electrical Engineering National Cheng Kung University Taiwan Department of Radiology Tri-Service General Hospital National Defense Medical Center Taipei 114 Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Cheng Kung University Taiwan Administrative Office Suao Veterans Hospital Yuan County 270 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)0780387406

Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) has been widely used as a performance evaluation tool to measure effectiveness of medical modalities. It is derived from a standard detection theory with false alarm and detection power interpreted as false positive (FP) and true positive (TP) respectively in terms of medical diagnosis. The ROC curve is plotted based on TP versus FP via hard decisions. This paper presents a three dimensional (3D) ROC analysis which extends the traditional two-dimensional (2D) ROC analysis by including a threshold parameter in a third dimension resulting from soft decisions, (SD). As a result, a 3D ROC curve can be plotted based on three parameters, TP, FP and SD. By virtue of such a 3D ROC curve three two-dimensional (2D) ROC curves can be derived, one of which is the traditional 2D ROC curve of TP versus FP with SD reduced to hard decision. In order to illustrate its utility in medical diagnosis, its application to magnetic resonance (MR) image classification is demonstrated. © 2005 IEEE.

关键词： Medical imaging

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On using an associative memory for improving digital color images: color characterization, enhancement, and color balancing

On using an associative memory for improving digital color i...

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International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)

作者： Ming-Jung Seow V.K. Asari Computational Intelligence & Machine Vision Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Old Dominion University Norfolk VA USA

Actual observed scenes usually produce a wide dynamic range. Currently available visual systems use low dynamic range light detector that provide only 8 bits of brightness information at each pixel. This greatly limits what visual systems can do for surveillance applications such as face detection and face recognition. A color image enhancement procedure based on the concept of color characterization, enhancement, and color balancing is proposed in this paper. The enhancement technique directly operates on pixels using a hyperbolic tangent function to increase the dynamic range of the pixel. The global and local statistics of the image is used to control the curvature of the hyperbolic tangent function. The color characterization and color balancing processes are based on a new nonlinear line attractor network to create a color manifold to restore the relationship of red, green, and blue components of the pixels. The proposed enhancement approach greatly improves the dynamic range compression and color rendition of an image.

关键词： Associative memory Color Dynamic range Visual system Layout Brightness Surveillance Face detection Face recognition Statistics

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A multisensor image fusion and enhancement system for assisting drivers in poor lighting conditions

A multisensor image fusion and enhancement system for assist...

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Applied imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop (AIPR)

作者： Li Tao Hau Ngo Ming Zhang A. Livingston V. Asari Computational Intelligence and Machine Vision Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Old Dominion University Norfolk VA USA

A system of multisensor image fusion and enhancement for visibility improvement is proposed in this paper for helping drivers driving at night or under bad weather conditions. Video stream captured by a CCD camera is enhanced, then aligned and fused with another stream captured by a thermal camera to improve the visibility of roads in extremely low lighting conditions. A nonlinear image enhancement technique capable of dynamic range compression and contrast enhancement is developed to enhance the visible images prior to fusion. The thermal image and the enhanced visible image are then aligned based on prior information obtained on image registration process. Pixel-level multiresolution based image fusion method is applied to merge source images. After image fusion, a color restoration is performed on fused images with the chromatic information of visible images. The entire image processing and analysis system is being installed in an FPGA environment. Preliminary results obtained in various experiments conducted with the proposed system are encouraging

关键词： image fusion Streaming media Charge-coupled image sensors Video compression Charge coupled devices Roads image enhancement Dynamic range image coding image registration

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A Visibility Improvement System for Low vision Drivers by Nonlinear Enhancement of Fused Visible and Infrared Video

A Visibility Improvement System for Low Vision Drivers by No...

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IEEE computer Society Conference on computer vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW)

作者： Hau Ngo Li Tao Ming Zhang A. Livingston V. Asari Computational Intelligence and Machine Vision Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Old Dominion University Norfolk VA USA

Development of a visibility improvement system for helping drivers with poor vision during night and bad weather conditions is proposed in this paper. Video streams captured by a CCD camera and an infrared camera are registered and fused to obtain image details in extremely low lighting conditions. A novel image enhancement technique employing a nonlinear expansion function is developed for enhancing the fused images. The slope characteristics of the expansion function at an individual pixel location is based on the statistical properties of its neighborhood pixels. The expansion function is also capable of reducing the intensity of the overly bright image regions due to the presence of head lights from vehicles in opposite direction. The enhanced video stream is then subjected to a color restoration process to introduce natural color using the color information gathered from the CCD camera image. The entire image processing and analysis system is being installed in an FPGA environment for performing the processing in real-time. The processed video stream is displayed on a Head-Up Display located directly in front of the driver to assist him/her to drive safely in poor visibility environments. Preliminary results obtained in various experiments conducted with the proposed system are encouraging.

关键词： Machine vision Streaming media Charge-coupled image sensors Color Charge coupled devices Infrared imaging image enhancement Head Vehicles image restoration

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Tight lower bounds on the symbol error rate of uncoded nonuniform signaling over AWGN channel

Tight lower bounds on the symbol error rate of uncoded nonun...

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International Conference on Wireless Networks, Communications and Mobile Computing

作者： S. Yousefi B. Holmes Signal Design and Analysis Laboratory (SDAL) Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Queen's University Kingston ONT Canada

Using a recent Bonferroni-type inequality proposed by Cohen and Merhav, we develop new tight lower bounds on the word error probability of uncoded systems with optimal maximum a posteriori (MAP) coherent detection for nonuniform signaling over additive white Gaussian noise channels. Our results are compared to the state-of-the-art KAT lower bounds and it is shown that the superiority of one bound to another is dependent on the signal constellation, the amount of nonuniformity of the Bernoulli source to be communicated, and the SNR range of interest. For instance, for smaller deviations from the uniform case, which are in fact more plausible, and at low SNRs, the new bounds are tighter than KAT lower bounds for all the constellations studied.

关键词： Error analysis AWGN channels Error probability Decoding Upper bound Quadrature amplitude modulation Phase shift keying image coding Signal design Signal analysis

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Denoising of images with multiplicative noise corruption

Denoising of images with multiplicative noise corruption

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European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO)

作者： Zhiling Long Nicolas H. Younan Diagnostic Instrumentation and Analysis Laboratory Mississippi State University Starkville MS USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Mississippi State University

Multiplicative noise is signal dependent and is difficult to be removed without impairing image details. It causes difficulties for many real world imaging applications. Previously, a hypothesis test based wavelet denoising algorithm had been proposed with promising results. In this paper, the algorithm has been further studied by fitting it into the framework of contourlet transform, an emerging two-dimensional technique for image processing and analysis. The developed contourlet denoising algorithm has been evaluated with standard test images, yielding successful results. It has also been demonstrated that the proposed algorithm outperformed the original wavelet based approach.

关键词： Noise reduction Algorithm design and analysis Filter banks PSNR Wavelet transforms

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