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IEEE Pacific Rim Conference on Communications, computers and Signal Processing

作者： D.D. Haule A.S. Malowany Computer Vision and Robotics Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering McGill University Montreal QUE Canada

A fast adaptive Hough transform (FAHT) approach is developed for detecting shapes which can be characterized by two parameters. This class of shapes includes both linear and circular image features. The method is based on identifying linear and circular segments in images by searching for clusters of evidence in two-dimensional parameter spaces. The FAHT differs from HT in the degree of freedom allowed in the placement and choice of shape of the window which defines the range of parameters under study at each resolution. This method is superior to that of HT implementation in both storage and computational requirements. The ideas of the FAHT are illustrated by tackling the problem of identifying linear segments in images by searching for clusters of evidence in two-dimensional parameter spaces. It is shown that the method is robust to the addition of extraneous noise and can be used to analyze complex images containing more than one shape.< >

关键词： Object recognition Shape image analysis image segmentation Equations computer vision Noise robustness Noise shaping image edge detection Robot vision systems

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High-speed 2-D hardware convolution architecture based on VLSI systolic arrays

High-speed 2-D hardware convolution architecture based on VL...

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IEEE Pacific Rim Conference on Communications, computers and Signal Processing

作者： D.D. Haule A.S. Malowany Computer Vision and Robotics Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering McGill University Montreal QUE Canada

The design of a special-purpose systolic image convolution processor for use in a robot vision system is described. It presents a high-speed two-dimensional hardware convolution architecture based on VSLI systolic arrays for image processing applications. An architecture for the parallel processing of the generalized two-dimensional convolution is summarized. A VLSI convolution chip was designed to accommodate various convolution window sizes. The number of coefficients being handled is directly proportional to the number of systolic computing elements (processors) used. In the present design three such processors are configured on one VLSI chip. Signed coefficients and unsigned data of eight bits are supported. All processing and interprocessor communications are performed bit-serially. The chip design incorporates error detection during convolution, and overflow avoidance techniques are possible for maximum system autonomy. The chip is estimated to operate at a maximum frequency of 16 MHz.< >

关键词： Hardware Convolution Very large scale integration computer architecture Frequency estimation Robot vision systems Systolic arrays image processing Parallel processing Process design

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Numerical analysis of visual patterns

Numerical analysis of visual patterns

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Multidimensional Signal Processing Workshop

作者： A.C. Bovik N. Gopal T. Emmoth Laboratory for Vision Systems Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Texas Austin Austin TX USA

Summary form only given, as follows. Similarities are found between spatial pattern analysis and other low-level cooperative image analysis tasks. Visual pattern analysis proceeds analogously via estimation of emergent 2D image frequencies. Unlike shape-from-X or optical flow paradigms, constraints are derived from the responses of multiple oriented spatial frequency channels rather than directly from the image irradiance measurements. By selecting channel filters that are sufficiently concentrated in both space and frequency, highly accurate spatial frequency estimates are computed on a local basis. Two related methods are proposed. In the first, a constrained estimate of the emergent image frequencies is obtained by resolving the responses of multiple channel filters in a process similar to photometric stereo. The second approach formulates the estimation of frequencies as an extremum problem regularized by a smoothing term. An iterative constraint propagation algorithm is developed analogous to those used in variational/relaxational approaches to shape-from-X (shading, texture) and optical flow. Examples illustrate both approaches using synthetic and natural images.

关键词： Numerical analysis Frequency estimation Optical filters Pattern analysis Optical variables control image motion analysis image texture analysis Frequency measurement Fluid flow measurement Shape measurement

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Mean field theory and MT neurons

Mean field theory and MT neurons

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IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics

作者： A. Dobbins S.W. Zucker Computer Vision and Robotics Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering McGill University Montreal QUE Canada Canadian Institute for Advanced Research Montreal QUE Canada

The problem of obtaining reliable estimates of the optic flow field and its variation is discussed. It is argued that circuitry in the middle temporal (MT) visual area is arranged to provide mean field approximations of the optical flow field, that is, the maximal neighborhood over which the local field can be well-approximated as uniform, parallel translation. In addition, the way the mean field approximation varies with neighborhood size and position is informative about the variation of the flow field. It is shown how receptive fields can be synthesized to represent the first-order differential information about the flow field. The same ideas are applicable to the binocular disparity vector field, and lead one to predict the existence of extrastriate neurons that are specialized for the local shear and stretch of the disparity and motion vector fields.< >

关键词： Neurons image motion analysis Circuits computer architecture computer vision Robot vision systems Laboratories Shape Optical devices Retina

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CONTROL POINT TRANSFORMS FOR SHAPE REPRESENTATION AND MEASUREMENT

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computer vision GRAPHICS AND image PROCESSING 1988年第1期42卷 87-111页

作者： PAGLIERONI, DW JAIN, AK Computer Vision Research Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Davis California 95616 USA

A new fast transform from curve samples to least-squares normalized B-spline control points is developed and their relation to Fourier descriptors is established. Contour control point sequence scale, translation, and rotation are known to produce identical shape model variations. It is shown that under the conditions of our transform, such sequences are also directly applicable to efficient computation of many useful shape features or characteristics. First, methods for computing boundary curvature and mean contour sample from control points are presented. Then, transforms from contour control points to shape moments and projections are developed and tested.

关键词： MATHEMATICAL TRANSFORMATIONS

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MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD image-RESTORATION ADAPTED FOR NONCOHERENT OPTICAL IMAGING

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JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS image SCIENCE AND vision 1988年第5期5卷 666-673页

作者： HOLMES, TJ Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Computer-Vision Laboratory University of Missouri-Columbia Columbia Missouri 65211 USA

Noncoherent optical-imaging systems are identified as potential applications for the maximum-likelihood image-restoration methods that are currently being studied for various modalities of nuclear-medicine imaging. An analogy between the quantum-photon measurements of such an optical system and that of a gamma camera allow for this new application. Results of a computer simulation are presented that support its feasibility. One important property revealed by this simulation is that the maximum-likelihood method demonstrates the ability to extrapolate the Fourier spectrum of a band-limited signal. This ability can be partially understood in that this algorithm, similar to some of the other spectral-extrapolation algorithms, constrains the solution to nonnegative values. This observation has implications on the potential of superresolution, the restoration of images from a defocused optical system, and three-dimensional imaging with a microscope.

关键词： computer simulation Fourier transforms image restoration Optical imaging Optical measurement Three dimensional microscopy

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A fast algorithm for the morphological coding of binary images

A fast algorithm for the morphological coding of binary imag...

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Visual Communications and image Processing III 1988

作者： Schonfeld, Dan Goutsias, John Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Image Analysis and Communications Laboratory Johns Hopkins University BaltimoreMD21218 United States

In this paper we investigate the computational performance of a number of morphological skeletons. We also develop the reduced-cardinality geometric-step morphological skeleton which is shown to achieve logarithmic computational complexity, compared to the linear computational complexity of the uniform-step morphological skeleton, when implemented on a large neighborhood pipelined morphological processor. Furthermore, an upper bound on the skeleton cardinality is derived. © 1988 SPIE. All rights reserved.

关键词： Computational complexity

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Pyramidal edge detection and image representation 3

Pyramidal edge detection and image representation

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Visual Communications and image Processing III 1988

作者： Schrift, A. Zeevi, Y.Y. Porat, M. Department of Electrical Engineering Computer Vision Laboratory Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa32000 Israel

We present a scheme of extracting edge information from parallel spatial frequency bands. From these we create an integrated image of most significant edges of different scales. The frequency bands are realized using the formalism of a Gaussian pyramid in which the levels represent a bank of spatial lowpass filters. The integrated edge image is created in a top-down algorithm, starting from the smallest version of the image. The sequential algorithm uses mutual edge information of two consecutive levels to control the processing in the lower one. This edge detection algorithm constitutes an image-dependent nonuniform processing scheme. Computational results show that only 20%-50% of the operations are needed to create an edge pyramid, compared to the number required in the regular scheme. The proposed generic scheme of image-dependent processing can be also implemented with operators other than edge detectors to exploit the advantages inherent in biological processing of images. © 1988 SPIE. All rights reserved.

关键词： Edge detection

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Making curvature estimates of range data amenable to a VLSI implementation

Making curvature estimates of range data amenable to a VLSI ...

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Visual Communications and image Processing III 1988

作者： Malowany, M.E. Malowany, A.S. Computer Vision and Robotics Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering McGill University MontréalQC Canada

This paper describes a method for computing Gaussian and mean curvature maps from range data and a modification to this method aimed at facilitating its implementation as a VLSI circuit. The curvature computations constitute a surface characterization step in range-data processing. A comparison of the performance of the original and modified algorithms on artificial range images is presented. Results of applying the modified algorithm to real range data is also presented. © 1988 SPIE. All rights reserved.

关键词： VLSI circuits

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A high performance convolution processor 3

A high performance convolution processor

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Visual Communications and image Processing III 1988

作者： Côté, J.F. Collet, C. Haule, D.D. Malowany, A.S. Computer Vision and Robotics Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering McGill University 3480 University Street MontrealQC Canada

This paper summarizes the design of a convolution processor card that is very low in cost, easy to use and most importantly, performs a 9 × 9 convolution in less than a second. Its high-performance is attributed to a VLSI systolic convolution cell which has been designed in our laboratories and to an efficient supporting data path architecture. The new Intel 82258 Advanced DMA Controller is used to perform each pixel transfer to and from the host computer's memory. Due to the DMA's software programmability, pictures of any size can be processed. The circuit is assembled on a 36 column MULTIBUS bus card and is installed on an Intel System 310 running iRMX 286 real-time multitasking operating system. © 1988 SPIE. All rights reserved.

关键词： Convolution

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