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Unsupervised Object Detection using Patch Based Image Classifier and Gradient Importance Map

International Journal of Information Technology (Singapore) 2025年第4期17卷 2407-2416页

作者： Jain, Vanita Pillai, Manu S. Jain, Achin Dubey, Arun Kumar Department of Electronic Science University of Delhi Delhi India Center for Research in Computer Vision University of Central Florida Orlando United States Bharati Vidyapeeth’s College of Engineering New Delhi India

Image classification in computer vision has seen tremendous amount of success in recent years. Deep learning has played a pivotal role in achieving human level performance in many image recognition challenges and benchmarks. Even though, image classification has been so successful, no other closely related domains have taken advantage from the efforts put into development of image classification methods. One such closely related field is of Object Detection. Object detection or localisation is a computer vision problem whose solutions have not been victorious enough to human level performance. Many challenges arise when developing object detection models for newly generated domains, one of which is labelling of datasets. Preparation of dataset is one of the most cumbersome and expensive task to accomplish while developing an object detection model. Although, image classifiers are used as a feature extractor in object detection training regimes, their localisation abilities are barely studied. In this paper, we propose an object detection training regime, that does not rely on bounding box labelled datasets, hence unsupervised in nature, and is solely based on trained image classifiers. We build up on our hypothesis, that, "if an image classifier is able to predict what object is in the input image, then it must have information about where the object is, we just need a mechanism to extract that information from it". Precisely, we divide the input image into patches of same size and employ a parameter restricted convolutional classifier on each patches to predict whether it contains the object or not, we call this our patch-based image classifier (the object here is the prediction of the trained image classifier). The training of the patch-based classifier is not straightforward as there is no true labels for each patches on which we can reduce the binary cross-entropy. Therefore, we propose a loss function weighted by the importance map, which we generate using Grad

关键词： Deep learning Grad-CAM Image classification Object detection

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computer Graphics in Teaching Mathematics 15

Computer Graphics in Teaching Mathematics

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15th International Conference on eLearning, eLearning 2024

作者： Papadopoulos, Evanthios Kougias, Ioannis Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Semantic Interconnected Symbiotic Education Environments Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering University of Peloponnese Patras Greece

computer Graphics is the scientific field of computer-aided visualization. It is based on a specific mathematical background and is an ever-exploring area of today's applications, which are everywhere in our daily lives. computer graphics can be a powerful tool to enhance the teaching and learning of mathematics. In this short article we explore and present ways in which computer graphics are a powerful tool in enhancing the teaching and learning of mathematics in elementary and secondary education. © 2024 Copyright for this paper by its authors.

关键词： Digital elevation model

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A 2D Geometry Based Grasping Pose Generation Algorithm for a Two-Finger Robot Hand 31

A 2D Geometry Based Grasping Pose Generation Algorithm for a...

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31st International Conference on Electrical engineering, ICEE 2023

作者： Akbari, Arash Akbari, Arman Masouleh, Mehdi Tale University of Tehran Department of Computer Science Tehran Iran School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Human and Robot Interaction Laboratory Tehran Iran

ISBN: (纸本)9798350312560

Robot grasping is of paramount importance in industrial and service robotics. In recent years, various data-driven algorithms have been proposed to solve the problem of grasp detection and a part of them are based on reinforcement learning (RL) approaches. In a variety of proposed algorithms, random key points are being employed which will make the learning process inefficient and time-consuming. In this paper, a geometry-based algorithm is presented which can find grasp poses based on the geometry of the unknown object and propose the ones which may lead to successful grasping. For the grasp contacts computation part, the presented algorithm produces a finite number of key points based on the 2D shape of the object from a specific point of view. Afterward, it will narrow down the candidate points and output a finite number of successful grasp poses based on three grasp quality metrics for various unknown objects. Three approaches are proposed in order to achieve center points which can describe different parts of a 2D shape. Then, the obtained points are used as the center of circles which are tangent to the 2D shape contour. Also, a new grasp quality metric is proposed. The time of the grasp and the amount of object disorientation after grasping are considered as a metric to evaluate the successfulness of the grasp. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm for unknown object grasping can find a finite number of successful grasp poses for different seen or unseen objects without using any random point © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Geometry

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Enhanced scattering from an almost-periodic optical temporal slab

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Physical Review A 2024年第4期110卷 L041501页

作者： Stefanos Fr. Koufidis Theodoros T. Koutserimpas Francesco Monticone Martin W. McCall Blackett Laboratory Department of Physics School of Electrical and Computer Engineering

We showcase the impact of almost-periodicity on the parametric amplification associated with the first-order momentum gap in photonic time-crystals with time-varying permittivity. Utilizing a vectorial coupled-wave theory approach, we rigorously analyze the scattering by a temporal slab of the considered medium. We pinpoint a critical regime wherein flaws in material tuning paradoxically enhance amplification due to the coupling of fewer, broader modes, resulting in a higher and broader pulselike amplification envelope. Additionally, we demonstrate that the intensity reflectances of time-reversed waves corresponding to secondary “Bragg” resonances achieve remarkably high levels of subharmonic parametric amplification, with the epsilon-near-zero regime serving as a preferred candidate for experimental implementation. Our counterintuitive findings highlight the potential of intentionally leveraging modulation desynchronization and impurities in the temporal unit cell of photonic time-crystals to enhance both the level and the bandwidth of amplification.

关键词： Light propagation, transmission & absorption Metamaterials Time crystals Bragg structures Optical parametric oscillators & amplifiers Perturbative methods Rigorous coupled-wave analysis

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An Immutable Framework for Smart Healthcare Using Blockchain Technology

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computer Systems Science & engineering 2023年第7期46卷 165-179页

作者： Faneela Muazzam A.Khan Suliman A.Alsuhibany Walid El-Shafai Mujeeb Ur Rehman Jawad Ahmad Department of Computer Science Quaid-i-Azam UniversityIslamabad45320Pakistan Department of Computer Science College of ComputerQassim UniversityBuraydah51452Saudi Arabia Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Faculty of Electronic EngineeringMenoufia UniversityMenouf32952Egypt Department of Computer Science Security Engineering LaboratoryPrince Sultan UniversityRiyadh11586Saudi Arabia James Watt School of Engineering University of GlasgowG128QQUK School of Computing Edinburgh Napier UniversityEdinburghEH105DTUK

The advancements in sensing technologies,information processing,and communication schemes have revolutionized the healthcare *** Healthcare Records(EHR)facilitate the patients,doctors,hospitals,and other stakeholders to maintain valuable data and medical *** traditional EHRs are based on cloud-based architectures and are susceptible to multiple cyberattacks.A single attempt of a successful Denial of Service(DoS)attack can compromise the complete healthcare *** article introduces a secure and immutable blockchain-based framework for the Internet of Medical Things(IoMT)to address the stated *** proposed architecture is on the idea of a lightweight private blockchain-based network that facilitates the users and hospitals to perform multiple healthcare-related operations in a secure and trustworthy *** efficacy of the proposed framework is evaluated in the context of service execution time and *** experimental outcomes indicate that the proposed design attained lower service execution time and higher throughput under different control parameters.

关键词： Blockchain technology healthcare applications cybersecurity services IoMT DoS EHR

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Hybrid of Distributed Cumulative Histograms and Classification Model for Attack Detection

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computer Systems Science & engineering 2023年第5期45卷 2235-2247页

作者： Mostafa Nassar Anas M.Ali Walid El-Shafai Adel Saleeb Fathi E.Abd El-Samie Naglaa F.Soliman Hussah Nasser AlEisa Hossam Eldin H.Ahmed Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Faculty of Electronic EngineeringMenoufia UniversityMenouf32952Egypt Alexandria Higher Institute of Engineering&Technology(AIET) AlexandriaEgypt Department of Computer Science Security Engineering LaboratoryPrince Sultan UniversityRiyadh11586Saudi Arabia Department of Information Technology College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O.Box 84428Riyadh11671Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Sciences College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia

Traditional security systems are exposed to many various attacks,which represents a major challenge for the spread of the Internet in the *** techniques have been suggested for detecting attacks using machine learning and deep *** significant advantage of deep learning is that it is highly efficient,but it needs a large training time with a lot of ***,in this paper,we present a new feature reduction strategy based on Distributed Cumulative Histograms(DCH)to distinguish between dataset features to locate the most effective *** histograms assess the dataset instance patterns of the applied features to identify the most effective attributes that can significantly impact the classification *** different models for detecting attacks using Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)and Long Short-Term Memory Network(LSTM)are also *** accuracy test of attack detection using the hybrid model was 98.96%on the UNSW-NP15 *** proposed model is compared with wrapper-based and filter-based Feature Selection(FS)*** proposed model reduced classification time and increased detection accuracy.

关键词： Feature selection DCH LSTM CNN security systems

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Accelerating multiscale electronic stopping power predictions with timedependent density functional theory and machine learning

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npj Computational Materials 2024年第1期10卷 993-1002页

作者： Logan Ward Ben Blaiszik Cheng-Wei Lee Troy Martin Ian Foster AndréSchleife Data Science and Learning Division Argonne National LaboratoryLemontIL60437USA Department of Computer Science The University of ChicagoChicagoIL60637USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaUrbanaIL61801USA

Knowing the rate at which particle radiation releases energy in a material,the“stopping power,”is key to designing nuclear reactors,medical treatments,semiconductor and quantum materials,and many other *** the nuclear contribution to stopping power,i.e.,elastic scattering between atoms,is well understood in the literature,the route for gathering data on the electronic contribution has for decades remained costly and reliant on many simplifying assumptions,including that materials are *** establish a method that combines time-dependent density functional theory(TDDFT)and machine learning to reduce the time to assess new materials to hours on a supercomputer and provide valuable data on how atomic details influence electronic *** approach uses TDDFT to compute the electronic stopping from first principles in several directions and then machine learning to interpolate to other directions at a cost of 10 million times fewer *** demonstrate the combined approach in a study of proton irradiation in aluminum and employ it to predict how the depth of maximum energy deposition,the“Bragg Peak,”varies depending on the incident angle—a quantity otherwise inaccessible to modelers and far outside the scales of quantum mechanical *** lack of any experimental information requirement makes our method applicable to most materials,and its speed makes it a prime candidate for enabling quantum-to-continuum models of radiation *** prospect of reusing valuable TDDFT data for training the model makes our approach appealing for applications in the age of materials data science.

关键词： electronic quantum directions

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Digital Twin Empowered PV Power Prediction

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第5期12卷 1472-1483页

作者： Xiaoyu Zhang Yushuai Li Tianyi Li Yonghao Gui Qiuye Sun David Wenzhong Gao the School of Information Science and Engi neering Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110004China the Department of Informatics Universi ty of OsloOslo 0316mNorway the Department of Computer Science Aalborg UniversityAal borg 9220Denmark the Electrification and Energy Infrastructures Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37830USA the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of DenverDenverCO 80208USA

The accurate prediction of photovoltaic(PV)power generation is significant to ensure the economic and safe operation of power *** this end,the paper establishes a new digital twin(DT)empowered PV power prediction framework that is capable of ensuring reliable data transmission and employing the DT to achieve high accuracy of power *** this framework,considering potential data contamination in the collected PV data,a generative adversarial network is employed to restore the historical dataset,which offers a prerequisite to ensure accurate mapping from the physical space to the digital ***,a new DT-empowered PV power prediction method is ***,we model a DT that encompasses a digital physical model for reflecting the physical operation mechanism and a neural network model(i.e.,a parallel network of convolution and bidirectional long short-term memory model)for capturing the hidden spatiotemporal *** proposed method enables the use of the DT to take advantages of the digital physical model and the neural network model,resulting in enhanced prediction ***,a real dataset is conducted to assess the effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： Photovoltaic power prediction digital twin hybrid prediction data recovery

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JoTyMo: Joint Type and Movement Detection from RGB Images of before and after Interacting with Articulated Objects 11

JoTyMo: Joint Type and Movement Detection from RGB Images of...

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11th RSI International Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics, ICRoM 2023

作者： Forootan, Ehsan Ghasemi, Hamed Masouleh, Mehdi Tale Kalhor, Ahmad Moshiri, Behzad University of Tehran Human and Robot Interaction Laboratory Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Iran

ISBN: (纸本)9798350308105

This paper presents a CNN-based network architecture aimed to classify and detect joint types within Articulated objects, specifically the Push-P joints, P-joints, R-joints and objects lacking joints. The movement modeling of the detected objects is explored by processing pre and post interaction RGB images within the SAPIEN PartNet-Mobility dataset. In order to achieve this, an architecture is proposed to leverage consecutive CNN encoders based on the VGG architecture, in order to classify joints based on pre and post-interaction images. Additionally, in order to detect the effect-point and movement vector, a convolutional encoder is applied for each joint type. Moreover, extensive evaluation is made to showcase the results, achieving 96% accuracy in joint classification and 94% accuracy in regression on the considered dataset. Elaborate details regarding network architectures, training procedures, and testing methodologies are available at source code repository. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Network architecture

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StackAMP: Stacking-Based Ensemble Classifier for Antimicrobial Peptide Identification

IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence

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IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2024年第11期5卷 5666-5675页

作者： Karim, Tasmin Shaon, Md. Shazzad Hossain Ali, Md. Mamun Ahmed, Kawsar Bui, Francis M. Chen, Li Department of Computer Science and Engineering Birulia Dhaka Savar1216 Bangladesh University of Saskatchewan Division of Biomedical Engineering SaskatoonSKS7N 5A9 Canada University of Saskatchewan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering SaskatoonSKS7N 5A9 Canada Health Informatics Research Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Engineering Birulia Dhaka Savar1216 Bangladesh Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University Group of Bio-photomati Information and Communication Technology Tangail Santosh1902 Bangladesh

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) play a vital role in the immune defence systems of various organisms and have garnered significant attention for their potential applications in biotechnology and medicine. There are several approaches to identifying AMPs including clinical isolation and characterization, functional genomics, microbiology techniques, and others. However, these methods are mostly expensive, time-consuming, and require well-equipped labs. To overcome these challenges, machine learning models are a potential solution due to their robustness and high predictive capability with less time and cost. In this study, we explored the efficacy of stacking-based ensemble machine-learning techniques to identify AMPs with higher accuracy and precision. Five distinct feature extraction methods, namely amino acid composition, dipeptide composition, moran autocorrelation, geary autocorrelation, and pseudoamino acid composition, were employed to represent the sequence characteristics of peptides. To build robust predictive models, different traditional machine learning algorithms were applied. Additionally, we developed a novel stacking classifier, aptly named StackAMP, to harness the collective power of these algorithms. Our results demonstrated the exceptional performance of the proposed StackAMP ensemble method in AMP identification, achieving an accuracy of 99.97%, 99.93% specificity, and 100% sensitivity. This high accuracy underscores the effectiveness of our approach, which has promising outcomes for the rapid and accurate identification of AMPs in various biological contexts. This study not only contributes to the growing body of knowledge in the field of AMP recognition but also offers a practical tool with potential applications in drug discovery, biotechnology, and disease prevention. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Amino acids

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