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An Interpretable CNN for the Segmentation of the Left Ventricle in Cardiac MRI by Real-Time Visualization

computer Modeling in engineering & Sciences 2023年第5期135卷 1571-1587页

作者： Jun Liu Geng Yuan Changdi Yang Houbing Song Liang Luo Robotics Institute School of Computer ScienceCarnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghPA15217USA Department of Electrical&Computer Engineering College of EngineeringNortheastern UniversityBostonMA02115USA Security and Optimization for Networked Globe Laboratory(SONG Lab) Embry-Riddle Aeronautical UniversityDaytona BeachFL32114USA School of Computer Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054China

The interpretability of deep learning models has emerged as a compelling area in artificial intelligence *** safety criteria for medical imaging are highly stringent,and models are required for an ***,existing convolutional neural network solutions for left ventricular segmentation are viewed in terms of inputs and ***,the interpretability of CNNs has come into the *** medical imaging data are limited,many methods to fine-tune medical imaging models that are popular in transfer models have been built using massive public Image Net datasets by the transfer learning ***,this generates many unreliable parameters and makes it difficult to generate plausible explanations from these *** this study,we trained from scratch rather than relying on transfer learning,creating a novel interpretable approach for autonomously segmenting the left ventricle with a cardiac *** enhanced GPU training system implemented interpretable global average pooling for graphics using deep *** deep learning tasks were *** included data management,neural network architecture,and *** system monitored and analyzed the gradient changes of different layers with dynamic visualizations in real-time and selected the optimal deployment *** results demonstrated that the proposed method was feasible and efficient:the Dice coefficient reached 94.48%,and the accuracy reached 99.7%.It was found that no current transfer learning models could perform comparably to the ImageNet transfer learning *** model is lightweight and more convenient to deploy on mobile devices than transfer learning models.

关键词： Interpretable graphics training visualization image segmentation left ventricle CNNs global average pooling

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Semantic-Aware Pseudo-Labeling for Unsupervised Meta-Learning

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IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 2025年第7期47卷 5475-5488页

作者： Ouyang, Tianran Dong, Xingping Ye, Mang Du, Bo Shao, Ling Shen, Jianbing Wuhan University School of Computer Science National Engineering Research Center for Multimedia Software Institute of Artificial Intelligence Hubei Key Laboratory of Multimedia and Network Communication Engineering Wuhan430072 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences UCAS-Terminus AI Lab Beijing101408 China University of Macau State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City Department of Computer and Information Science 314100 China

In unsupervised meta-learning, the clustering-based pseudo-labeling approach is an attractive framework, since it is model-agnostic, allowing it to synergize with supervised algorithms to learn from unlabeled data. However, the pseudo-labels suffer from clustering noise and semantic chaos problems, further impacting the effectiveness of meta-learning. In this paper, we analyze and optimize the pseudo-labeling process, including encoding and clustering, aiming to generate semantic-like pseudo-labels to narrow the gap between unsupervised and supervised meta-learning. First, during the encoding, we observe that the embedding space of existing methods lacks clustering-friendly properties, which is the primary reason for clustering noise. To address this issue, we minimize the inter-to-intra-class similarity ratio to generate clustering-friendly embedding features and validate our approach through comprehensive experiments. Then, during the clustering, we find that the semantic quality of pseudo-labels is not adequately controlled, resulting in semantic chaos of pseudo-labels. We propose a semantic-stability index to measure the semantic quality of pseudo-labels quantitatively. Based on this index, we propose the Semantic-aware Pseudo-label Reassignment mechanism to generate semantic-like pseudo-labels for all samples. Our approach is model-agnostic and can easily be integrated into existing supervised methods. To demonstrate its generalization ability, we integrate it into two representative algorithms: MAML and EP. The results on three main few-shot benchmarks clearly show that the proposed method achieves significant improvement compared to state-of-the-art models. Notably, our approach also outperforms the corresponding supervised method in three tasks. © 1979-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Latent semantic analysis

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An Efficient Appraoch based Representation Learning and CRF Models for Unsupervised 3D Shape Co-segmentation 7

An Efficient Appraoch based Representation Learning and CRF ...

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7th IEEE International Congress on Information Science and Technology, CiSt 2023

作者： Abouqora, Youness Benhaila, Zakaria Moumoun, Lahcen Hassan 1st University Laboratory of Mathematics Computer Science and Engineering Sciences Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Settat Morocco Hassan 1st University Laboratory of Mathematics Computer Science and Engineering Sciences Department of Computer Engineering and Mathematics Settat Morocco

ISBN: (纸本)9781665461337

We present in this article an outline approach for the unsupervised 3D shape co-segmentation based on local geometric features. The unsupervised 3D shape co-segmentation consists to divide a collection of unlabeled 3D shapes into distinct parts by finding the relationship between them. Typically, two main steps can be followed: finding correspondence and learning representation. In our contribution, we firstly propose to segment each shape into primitive patches and finding the correspondence between those from to the same class. Secondly, for the learning process we propose to extracts the latent features from the geometric information through the representation learning module combined to a second one that aggregates the generated features to assign consistent labels to each of the resulting clusters. However, the problem of miss-labeling on the occluded or adjacent regions of the shapes may persist in this process. To overcome this problem, the label of each patch is viewed as a sequence of random variables which are trained using Conditional Random Field (CRF) model. The experimental stage shows that the adopted approach generates better co-segmentation results. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Random processes

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Density estimation-based method to determine sample size for random sample partition of big data

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Frontiers of computer Science 2024年第5期18卷 57-70页

作者： Yulin HE Jiaqi CHEN Jiaxing SHEN Philippe FOURNIER-VIGER Joshua Zhexue HUANG Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy(SZ) Shenzhen 518107China College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Department of Computing and Decision Sciences Lingnan UniversityHong Kong 999077China

Random sample partition(RSP)is a newly developed big data representation and management model to deal with big data approximate computation *** research and practical applications have confirmed that RSP is an efficient solution for big data processing and ***,a challenge for implementing RSP is determining an appropriate sample size for RSP data *** a large sample size increases the burden of big data computation,a small size will lead to insufficient distribution information for RSP data *** address this problem,this paper presents a novel density estimation-based method(DEM)to determine the optimal sample size for RSP data ***,a theoretical sample size is calculated based on the multivariate Dvoretzky-Kiefer-Wolfowitz(DKW)inequality by using the fixed-point iteration(FPI)***,a practical sample size is determined by minimizing the validation error of a kernel density estimator(KDE)constructed on RSP data blocks for an increasing sample ***,a series of persuasive experiments are conducted to validate the feasibility,rationality,and effectiveness of *** results show that(1)the iteration function of the FPI method is convergent for calculating the theoretical sample size from the multivariate DKW inequality;(2)the KDE constructed on RSP data blocks with sample size determined by DEM can yield a good approximation of the probability density function(p.d.f);and(3)DEM provides more accurate sample sizes than the existing sample size determination methods from the perspective of *** demonstrates that DEM is a viable approach to deal with the sample size determination problem for big data RSP implementation.

关键词： random sample partition big data sample size Dvoretzky-Kiefer-Wolfowitz inequality kerneldensity estimator probability density function

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ADConv-Net: Advanced Deep Convolution Neural Network for COVID-19 Diagnostics Using Chest X-Ray and CT Images

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SN computer Science 2025年第5期6卷 1-22页

作者： Kumar, Sunil Bhowmik, Biswajit Maharshi Patanjali CPS Lab BRICS Laboratory Department of Computer Science Engineering National Institute of Technology Karnataka Surathkal Karnataka Mangalore 575025 India

The worldwide COVID-19 epidemic has emerged as a significant concern, affecting daily lives and underscoring the importance of early diagnosis for effective treatment in medical and healthcare settings. Current diagnostic testing for COVID-19 is sluggish, typically requiring hours to get results. Detection of COVID-19 from medical imaging presents a challenging task that has gained substantial interest from experts worldwide. Essential imaging modalities for diagnosing COVID-19 include chest X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans. By contrast, most of the chest radiography can be completed in within fifteen minutes. Thus, employing chest radiography gives a possibility for early and reliable diagnosis of COVID-19, intending to relieve therapeutic obstacles for patients and speed up the diagnostic process. Recently, deep learning (DL) techniques have been shown to be effective in image-based diagnostics. This paper proposed an advanced deep convolution neural network (ADConv-Net) for COVID-19 detection and categorization using chest X-ray and CT images. The proposed technique is not only capable of recognizing critical connections and similarities in image classification, but also leads to improved diagnostic accuracy. The proposed model undergoes thorough evaluation for standard performance metrics. After evaluation, the ADConv-Net model achieves high accuracies of 98.84% and 97.25% in training and testing for X-ray images and 99.41% and 98.87% in training and testing for CT images, respectively. Additionally, the proposed model demonstrates strong performance, with AUC values of 0.993 and 0.996 for X-ray and CT images, respectively. Further, the model also introduces a heatmap approach for displaying COVID-19 disease areas. Subsequently, radiologists can find COVID-19 disorders in chest X-ray and CT images with this approach. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Artificial Intelligence Classification COVID-19 CT Images Deep Learning X-Ray Images

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VDL-Surrogate: A View-Dependent Latent-based Model for Parameter Space Exploration of Ensemble Simulations

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IEEE Transactions on Visualization and computer Graphics 2023年第1期29卷 820-830页

作者： Shi, Neng Xu, Jiayi Li, Haoyu Guo, Hanqi Woodring, Jonathan Shen, Han-Wei Department of Computer Science and Engineering The Ohio State University ColumbusOH43210 United States Mathematics and Computer Science Division Argonne National Laboratory LemontIL60439 United States Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNM87544 United States

We propose VDL-Surrogate, a view-dependent neural-network-latent-based surrogate model for parameter space exploration of ensemble simulations that allows high-resolution visualizations and user-specified visual mappings. Surrogate-enabled parameter space exploration allows domain scientists to preview simulation results without having to run a large number of computationally costly simulations. Limited by computational resources, however, existing surrogate models may not produce previews with sufficient resolution for visualization and analysis. To improve the efficient use of computational resources and support high-resolution exploration, we perform ray casting from different viewpoints to collect samples and produce compact latent representations. This latent encoding process reduces the cost of surrogate model training while maintaining the output quality. In the model training stage, we select viewpoints to cover the whole viewing sphere and train corresponding VDL-Surrogate models for the selected viewpoints. In the model inference stage, we predict the latent representations at previously selected viewpoints and decode the latent representations to data space. For any given viewpoint, we make interpolations over decoded data at selected viewpoints and generate visualizations with user-specified visual mappings. We show the effectiveness and efficiency of VDL-Surrogate in cosmological and ocean simulations with quantitative and qualitative evaluations. Source code is publicly available at https://***/trainsn/VDL-Surrogate. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Data visualization

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Matching Gains with Pays: Effective and Fair Learning in Multi-Agent Public Goods Dilemmas 27

Matching Gains with Pays: Effective and Fair Learning in Mul...

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27th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence, ECAI 2024

作者： Chen, Yitian Liu, Xuan Zhang, Shigeng Chen, Xinning Guo, Song School of Computer Science and Engineering Central South University China College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering Hunan University China The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of "Fusion Computing of Supercomputing and Artificial Intelligence" China Department of Computer Science and Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology China

ISBN: (纸本)9781643685489

The training of multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) tasks with the public goods dilemma (PGD) is difficult because the selfish actions of individual agents for high personal rewards may reduce the collective utility of the whole group. Existing solutions to this problem, e.g., reward gifting or intrinsic rewards, although inducing cooperation among agents in small groups, cannot guarantee fairness among agents’ policies and fail to achieve optimal group utility in large-scale systems. In this paper, we propose F4PGD, an effective method to train large-scale MARL tasks with PGD in a decentralized manner, which is inspired by Adam’s equity theory that the match between a person’s payoff and his contribution is the key incentive for people to contribute to the common good. In F4PGD, a mechanism is designed to match an agent’s reward with its contribution, which suppresses agents from taking a free ride and meanwhile encourages well-learned agents to contribute to public goods. Experimental results show that F4PGD effectively learns optimal policies for the whole group and guarantees fairness among agents in several typical MARL tasks with PGD. © 2024 The Authors.

关键词： Adversarial machine learning

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A Machine Learning-Based Attack Detection and Prevention System in Vehicular Named Data Networking

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computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第11期77卷 1445-1465页

作者： Arif Hussain Magsi Ali Ghulam Saifullah Memon Khalid Javeed Musaed Alhussein Imad Rida State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology Beijing University of Post and TelecommunicationBeijing100876China Information Technology Center Sindh Agriculture UniversityTandojam70050Pakistan Department of Computer Engineering College of Computing and InformaticsUniversity of SharjahSharjah27272United Arab Emirate Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 51178Riyadh11543Saudi Arabia Laboratory Biomechanics and Bioengineering University of Technology of CompiegneCompiegne60200France

Named Data Networking(NDN)is gaining a significant attention in Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks(VANET)due to its in-network content caching,name-based routing,and mobility-supporting ***,existing NDN faces three significant challenges,including security,privacy,and *** particular,security attacks,such as Content Poisoning Attacks(CPA),can jeopardize legitimate vehicles with malicious *** instance,attacker host vehicles can serve consumers with invalid information,which has dire consequences,including road *** such a situation,trust in the content-providing vehicles brings a new *** the other hand,ensuring privacy and preventing unauthorized access in vehicular(VNDN)is another ***,NDN’s pull-based content retrieval mechanism is inefficient for delivering emergency messages in *** this connection,our contribution is *** existing rule-based reputation evaluation,we propose a Machine Learning(ML)-based reputation evaluation mechanism that identifies CPA attackers and legitimate *** on ML evaluation results,vehicles accept or discard served ***,we exploit a decentralized blockchain system to ensure vehicles’privacy by maintaining their information in a secure digital ***,we improve the default routing mechanism of VNDN from pull to a push-based content dissemination using Publish-Subscribe(Pub-Sub)*** implemented and evaluated our ML-based classification model on a publicly accessible BurST-Asutralian dataset for Misbehavior Detection(BurST-ADMA).We used five(05)hybrid ML classifiers,including Logistic Regression,Decision Tree,K-Nearest Neighbors,Random Forest,and Gaussian Naive *** qualitative results indicate that Random Forest has achieved the highest average accuracy rate of 100%.Our proposed research offers the most accurate solution to detect CPA in VNDN for safe,secure,and reliable vehicle communication.

关键词： Named data networking vehicular networks reputation caching machine-learning

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A machine learning-guided design and manufacturing of wearable nanofibrous acoustic energy harvesters

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Nano Research 2024年第10期17卷 9181-9192页

作者： Negar Hosseinzadeh Kouchehbaghi Maryam Yousefzadeh Aliakbar Gharehaghaji Safoora Khosravi Danial Khorsandi Reihaneh Haghniaz Ke Cao Mehmet R.Dokmeci Mohammad Rostami Ali Khademhosseini Yangzhi Zhu Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation Los AngelesCA 91367USA Department of Textile Engineering Amirkabir University of Technology(Tehran Polytechnic)Hafez Avenue*** TehranIran Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of British ColumbiaVancouverBC V6T1Z4Canada Chemical Sciences Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37831USA Department of Computer Science University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90007USA

Nanofibrous acoustic energy harvesters(NAEHs)have emerged as promising wearable platforms for efficient noise-to-electricity conversion in distributed power energy systems and wearable sound amplifiers for assistive listening ***,their reallife efficacy is hampered by low power output,particularly in the low-frequency range(<1 kHz).This study introduces a novel approach to enhance the performance of NAEHs by applying machine learning(ML)techniques to guide the synthesis of electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)/polyurethane(PU)nanofibers,optimizing their application in wearable *** use a feed-forward neural network along with solving an optimization problem to find the optimal input values of the electrospinning(applied voltage,nozzle-collector distance,electrospinning time,and drum rotation speed)to generate maximum output performance(acoustic-to-electricity conversion efficiency).We first prepared a dataset to train the network to predict the output power given the input variables with high *** introducing the neural network,we fix the network and then solve an optimization problem using a genetic algorithm to search for the input values that lead to the maximum energy harvesting *** ML-guided wearable PVDF/PU NAEH platform can deliver a maximal acoustoelectric power density output of 829μW/cm^(3) within the surrounding noise *** addition,our system can function stably in a broad frequency(0.1-2 kHz)with a high energy conversion efficiency of 66%.Sound recognition analysis reveals a robust correlation exceeding 0.85 among lexically akin terms with varying sound intensities,contrasting with a diminished correlation below 0.27 for words with disparate semantic ***,this work provides a previously unexplored route to utilize ML in advancing wearable NAEHs with excellent practicability.

关键词： wearable electronics acoustic energy harvester machine learning piezoelectric nanogenerator electrospun nanofiber

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Few-Shot Object Detection Based on the Transformer and High-Resolution Network

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computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第2期74卷 3439-3454页

作者： Dengyong Zhang Huaijian Pu Feng Li Xiangling Ding Victor S.Sheng Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Processing of Big Data on Transportation Changsha University of Science and TechnologyChangsha410114China School of Computer and Communication Engineering Changsha University of Science and TechnologyChangsha410114China School of Computer Science and Engineering Hunan University of Science and TechnologyXiangtan411004China Department of Computer Science Texas Tech UniversityLubbock79409TXUSA

Now object detection based on deep learning tries different *** uses fewer data training networks to achieve the effect of large dataset ***,the existing methods usually do not achieve the balance between network parameters and training *** makes the information provided by a small amount of picture data insufficient to optimize model parameters,resulting in unsatisfactory detection *** improve the accuracy of few shot object detection,this paper proposes a network based on the transformer and high-resolution feature extraction(THR).High-resolution feature extractionmaintains the resolution representation of the *** and spatial attention are used to make the network focus on features that are more useful to the *** addition,the recently popular transformer is used to fuse the features of the existing *** compensates for the previous network failure by making full use of existing object *** on the Pascal VOC and MS-COCO datasets prove that the THR network has achieved better results than previous mainstream few shot object detection.

关键词： Object detection few shot object detection transformer high-resolution

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