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A Study on Magnetic Field under Unconventional Lines with Increased Power Delivery

IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 2025年第3期61卷 5128-5134页

作者： Arafat, Easir Porkar, Babak Ghassemi, Mona Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering RichardsonTX75080 United States

To achieve net-zero emission in America by 2050, high voltage transmission capacity must expand approximately 60% by 2030 and triple by 2050 to connect further renewable (wind and solar) facilities to increased power delivery. Addressing this challenge requires not only conventional transmission lines (TLs) but also innovative, unconventional designs that modify phase configurations and subconductor arrangements in geometrically optimized ways. Different line design aspects need to be studied to realize these unconventional lines. This paper calculates and studies the magnetic field under the two unconventional lines we proposed in our previous work. The magnetic field was analyzed across the entire Right of Way (ROW) using validated simulation models. The quantitative analysis reveals that while the conventional 500 kV line generates a ground-level magnetic field of 5 μT, the unconventional designs - TL-1 and TL-2 - achieve significantly lower values of less than 0.5 μT and 3 μT, respectively. Furthermore, these designs comply with ICNIRP and WHO safety standards across the entire ROW, highlighting their potential to enhance system capacity while maintaining public health and safety. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Power transmission lines

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Secure signal and image transmissions using chaotic synchronization scheme under cyber-attack in the communication channel

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Soft Computing 2025年第1期29卷 339-353页

作者： Nobakht, Shaghayegh Ahmadi, Ali-Akbar Industrial Automation Laboratory Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Kharazmi University Tehran Iran

In this paper, problem of secure message (signal and image) transmission is studied. The message is encrypted by masking it with a chaotic system state and then transmitted to receiver-side via a communication channel. It is assumed that the communication channel may be prone to a cyber-attack. The transmission system dynamics in presence of the cyber-attack in the communication channel is modeled by a singular dynamical system. Then, at the receiver-side, a novel observer is designed to recover the message together with the cyber-attack signal. Estimation of the cyber-attack is crucial for monitoring the communication channel and enable a network supervisor to mitigate the adverse consequences and make an appropriate strategy. It is assumed neither restrictions on the message nor on the cyber-attack signals. This makes the proposed scheme, the best solution in the real applications. Moreover, comparing to the existing methods which two public and private channels are required, only one communication channel is used in this paper for transmission the encrypted signal which results in a cheaper solution. Solving the optimization problem can be easily performed with the help of the existing toolboxes such as YALMIP and CVX software in MATLAB. Finally, numerical simulations for signal and image transmission are presented to justify the applicability and superior performance of the proposed scheme. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Cyber attacks

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Cross-subcarrier precoder design for massive MIMO-OFDM downlink with symplectic optimization

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年第2期68卷 216-229页

作者： Yuxuan ZHANG An-An LU Xiang-Gen XIA Xiqi GAO National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Southeast University Purple Mountain Laboratories Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Delaware

We propose a cross-subcarrier precoder design(CSPD) for massive multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM) downlink. This work aims to significantly improve the channel estimation and signal detection performance by enhancing the smoothness of the frequency domain effective channel. This is accomplished by designing a few vectors known as the transform domain precoding vectors(TDPVs), which are then transformed into the frequency domain to generate the precoders for a set of subcarriers. To combat the effect of channel aging, the TDPVs are optimized under imperfect channel state information(CSI). The optimal precoder structure is derived by maximizing an upper bound of the ergodic weighted sum-rate(WSR) and utilizing the a posteriori beam-based statistical channel model(BSCM). To avoid the large-dimensional matrix inversion, we propose an algorithm with symplectic optimization. Simulation results indicate that the proposed cross-subcarrier precoder design significantly outperforms conventional methods.

关键词： massive MIMO-OFDM cross subcarrier precoder design transform domain precoding vectors effective channel symplectic optimization

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Distributionally Robust Chance-Constrained Optimization for Soft Open Points Operation in Active Distribution Networks

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2025年第2期11卷 637-648页

作者： Qilin Hou Ge Chen Ningyi Dai Hongcai Zhang Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart CityUniversity of MacaoMacao 999078China

The escalating installation of distributed generation (DG) within active distribution networks (ADNs) diminishes the reliance on fossil fuels, yet it intensifies the disparity between demand and generation across various regions. Moreover, due to the intermittent and stochastic characteristics, DG also introduces uncertain forecasting errors, which further increase difficulties for power dispatch. To overcome these challenges, an emerging flexible interconnection device, soft open point (SOP), is introduced. A distributionally robust chance-constrained optimization (DRCCO) model is also proposed to effectively exploit the benefits of SOPs in ADNs under uncertainties. Compared with conventional robust, stochastic and chance-constrained models, the DRCCO model can better balance reliability and economic profits without the exact distribution of uncertainties. More-over, unlike most published works that employ two individual chance constraints to approximate the upper and lower bound constraints (e.g, bus voltage and branch current limitations), joint two-sided chance constraints are introduced and exactly reformulated into conic forms to avoid redundant conservativeness. Based on numerical experiments, we validate that SOPs' employment can significantly enhance the energy efficiency of ADNs by alleviating DG curtailment and load shedding problems. Simulation results also confirm that the proposed joint two-sided DRCCO method can achieve good balance between economic efficiency and reliability while reducing the conservativeness of conventional DRCCO methods.

关键词： Active distribution networks distributionally robust chance-constrained optimization soft open points

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Secure beamforming and deployment design for rate-splitting multiple access-based UAV communications

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年第1期68卷 342-356页

作者： Bing WANG Xiaofeng TAO Shujun HAN Huici WU Kai YANG Zhu HAN National Engineering Research Center of Mobile Network Technologies Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Peng Cheng Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Houston

Rate-splitting multiple access(RSMA) has recently gained attention as a potential robust multiple access(MA)scheme for upcoming wireless networks. Given its ability to efficiently utilize wireless resources and design interference management strategies, it can be applied to unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) networks to provide convenient services for large-scale access ground users. However, due to the line-of-sight(LoS) broadcast nature of UAV transmission, information is susceptible to eavesdropping in RSMA-based UAV networks. Moreover, the superposition of signals at the receiver in such networks becomes complicated. To cope with the challenge, we propose a two-user multi-input single-output(MISO) RSMA-based UAV secure transmission framework in downlink communication networks. In a passive eavesdropping scenario, our goal is to maximize the sum secrecy rate by optimizing the transmit beamforming and deployment location of the UAV-base station(UAV-BS),while considering quality-of-service(QoS) constraints, maximum transmit power, and flight space limitations. To address the non-convexity of the proposed problem, the optimization problem is first decoupled into two subproblems. Then, the successive convex approximation(SCA) method is employed to solve each subproblem using different propositions. In addition, an alternating optimization(AO)-based location RSMA(L-RSMA) beamforming algorithm is developed to implement joint optimization to obtain the suboptimal solution. Numerical results demonstrate that(1) the proposed L-RSMA scheme yields a28.97% higher sum secrecy rate than the baseline L-space division multiple access(SDMA) scheme;(2) the proposed L-RSMA scheme improves the security performance by 42.61% compared to the L-non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA) scheme.

关键词： rate-splitting multiple access UAV communication precoding optimization deployment location physical layer security

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Orbit-Orbit Interaction in Spatiotemporal Optical Vortex

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engineering 2025年第2期45卷 44-51页

作者： Jian Chen Jie Zhao Xi Shen Dewei Mo Cheng-Wei Qiu Qiwen Zhan School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 117583Singapore

While spin-orbit interaction has been extensively studied,few investigations have reported on the interaction between orbital angular momenta(OAMs).In this work,we study a new type of orbit-orbit coupling between the longitudinal OAM and the transverse OAM carried by a three-dimensional(3D)spatiotemporal optical vortex(STOV)in the process of tight *** 3D STOV possesses orthogonal OAMs in the x-y,t-x,and y-t planes,and is preconditioned to overcome the spatiotemporal astigmatism effect.x,y,and t are the axes in the spatiotemporal *** corresponding focused wavepacket is calculated by employing the Debye diffraction theory,showing that a phase singularity ring is generated by the interactions among the transverse and longitudinal vortices in the highly confined *** Fourier-transform decomposition of the Debye integral is employed to analyze the mechanism of the orbit-orbit *** is the first revelation of coupling between the longitudinal OAM and the transverse OAM,paving the way for potential applications in optical trapping,laser machining,nonlinear light-matter interactions,and more.

关键词： Spatiotemporal optical vortex Orbital angular momentum Momentum interaction Highly confined wavepacket Diffraction

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A survey on cross-user federated recommendation

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年第4期68卷 7-32页

作者： Enyue YANG Yudi XIONG Wei YUAN Weike PAN Qiang YANG Zhong MING College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science The University of Queensland WeBank AI Lab WeBank Department of Computer Science and Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology College of Big Data and Internet Shenzhen Technology University Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ)

Recommender systems are effective in mitigating information overload, yet the centralized storage of user data raises significant privacy concerns. Cross-user federated recommendation(CUFR) provides a promising distributed paradigm to address these concerns by enabling privacy-preserving recommendations directly on user devices. In this survey, we review and categorize current progress in CUFR, focusing on four key aspects: privacy, security, accuracy, and efficiency. Firstly,we conduct an in-depth privacy analysis, discuss various cases of privacy leakage, and then review recent methods for privacy protection. Secondly, we analyze security concerns and review recent methods for untargeted and targeted *** untargeted attack methods, we categorize them into data poisoning attack methods and parameter poisoning attack methods. For targeted attack methods, we categorize them into user-based methods and item-based methods. Thirdly,we provide an overview of the federated variants of some representative methods, and then review the recent methods for improving accuracy from two categories: data heterogeneity and high-order information. Fourthly, we review recent methods for improving training efficiency from two categories: client sampling and model compression. Finally, we conclude this survey and explore some potential future research topics in CUFR.

关键词： cross-user federated recommendation federated recommendation federated learning recommender systems user privacy

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Theoretical Analysis of Detection of Flying Vehicles Based on the Passive Radiometric Detection of Microwave-Millimeter-Terahertz Wavelength Electromagnetic Emissions from Exhaust Plasma Gases

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Progress in Electromagnetics Research C 2025年 154卷 267-275页

作者： Chatziathanasiou, Thomas N. Uzunoglu, Nikolaos Microwave Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Technical University of Athens Greece

The feasibility of using passive radiometric detection of chaotic electromagnetic signals emanating from low density plasma plumes of the jet exhaust gases to detect low radar cross section aircrafts is analyzed for the frequency band 3.108–3.1012 Hz. The aircraft exhaust plume gas formation is modelled with a number of discrete different dimensions ellipsoids, with each having different electron densities and temperatures. Electromagnetic radiation analysis of emitting signals is computed applying fluctuation-dissipation theorem and geometric considerations. The detection range of characteristic military jet aircraft is computed numerically for the whole frequency band, from UHF to 3 THz. It is shown that high range detection can be achieved at upper microwave frequencies. © 2025, Electromagnetics Academy. All rights reserved.

关键词： Terahertz waves

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Clustered Reinforcement Learning

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Frontiers of computer Science 2025年第4期19卷 43-57页

作者： Xiao MA Shen-Yi ZHAO Zhao-Heng YIN Wu-Jun LI National Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Department of Computer Science and TechnologyNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94720-1770USA

Exploration strategy design is a challenging problem in reinforcement learning(RL),especially when the environment contains a large state space or sparse *** exploration,the agent tries to discover unexplored(novel)areas or high reward(quality)*** existing methods perform exploration by only utilizing the novelty of *** novelty and quality in the neighboring area of the current state have not been well utilized to simultaneously guide the agent’s *** address this problem,this paper proposes a novel RL framework,called clustered reinforcement learning(CRL),for efficient exploration in *** adopts clustering to divide the collected states into several clusters,based on which a bonus reward reflecting both novelty and quality in the neighboring area(cluster)of the current state is given to the *** leverages these bonus rewards to guide the agent to perform efficient ***,CRL can be combined with existing exploration strategies to improve their performance,as the bonus rewards employed by these existing exploration strategies solely capture the novelty of *** on four continuous control tasks and six hard-exploration Atari-2600 games show that our method can outperform other state-of-the-art methods to achieve the best performance.

关键词： deep reinforcement learning exploration count-based method clustering K-means

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Real-Time Coordinated Operation of Electric Vehicle Fast Charging Stations With Energy Storage: An Efficient Spatiotemporal Decomposition Approach

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IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 2025年第3期16卷 2464-2477页

作者： Zhu, Zhen Zhang, Hongcai University of Macau State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering China

Fast charging stations (FCSs) have been widely adopted to meet the increasing charging demands of electric vehicles. The intermittent and impulsive nature of fast charging might significantly deteriorate the safe and efficient operation of the distribution power grid. Integrating battery energy storage systems (BES) in FCSs presents a promising option to mitigate these challenges. However, it is nontrivial to effectively coordinate multiple BES-equipped FCSs due to the highly stochastic charging demand and the spatio-temporal coupling nature of FCS operation. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a two-layer approach for real-time stochastic scheduling of multiple BES-equipped FCSs in a distribution grid. In the upper layer, we propose a computationally efficient dynamic programming method to determine the total power of all BESs at FCSs based on observed real-time fast charging loads and electricity price. Specifically, we derive analytical expressions for efficient offline training and online scheduling of the dynamic programming problem. This approach allows for direct training of value functions without iterative updating and obtaining scheduling decisions without redundant calculations. In the lower layer, we design a consensus-based power allocation strategy to coordinate power dispatch among individual FCSs following the reference power determined in the upper layer. In this way, real-time responses for each BES-equipped FCS can be given sequentially and distributedly. The superiority of the proposed method is validated via numerical simulations in comparison with state-of-the-art benchmarks. © 2010-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Charging stations

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