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International Conference on Vacuum Nanoelectronics (IVNC)

作者： Stewart A. Koppell John W. Simonaitis Maurice A.R. Krielaart Omer E. Ates William P. Putnam Karl K. Berggren Phillip. D. Keathley Research Laboratory for Electronics Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Davis CA USA

We describe the design for a heralded electron source made from a standard electron gun, a weak photonic coupler, an electron energy filter, and a single photon detector. We define a figure of merit for the heralding efficiency which describes the sub-Poissonian statistics of the source and can be written in terms of the traditional Klyshko heralding efficiency. Using this figure of merit, we discuss the engineering requirements for efficient heralding. Finally, we discuss potential applications: dose reduction in quantitative bright field STEM and error reduction in electron lithography.

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Creating Virtual Fear to Control the Locomotion Behavior of Pigeon Robots Using Micro-Stimulation

Creating Virtual Fear to Control the Locomotion Behavior of ...

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IEEE International Conference on Cyborg and Bionic Systems (CBS)

作者： Long Yang Zuohao Ma Mengmeng Li Lifang Yang Zhigang Shang School of Electrical Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Brain-Computer Interface Technology Zhengzhou China

Unlike the flight control of UAVs, the motion control of the pigeon robot needs to consider biological perceptions and decisions. Since it was impossible to perceive the state of the pigeon in the wild environment in real-time, this paper proposed whether instinctive fear emotions can be used to intervene in the movement intention of the pigeon to achieve control of its flight direction by autonomous avoidance. In this paper, we demonstrated that the neural activity of the substantia grisea et fibrosa periventricularis (SGP) nucleus in the pigeon was related to their fearful emotions through tonic immobility (TI) experiments and looming visual stimulation experiments. To verify that the SGP nucleus can modify the motor intention of the pigeon, we conducted electrical stimulation experiments on the SGP nucleus. We found that all pigeons’ SGP nuclei showed avoidance behavior on the same side of the stimulated brain area after stimulation. Thus, using the avoidance behavior produced by micro-stimulation of the SGP nucleus, we achieved control of the flight direction of the free-flying pigeon robot outdoors. This kind of locomotion control utilizing fear emotion can exert the biological intelligence to make the most adaptive behavior and provide technical reference for the outdoor long-distance control of bird robots.

关键词： Visualization Neural activity electrical stimulation Birds Biology Real-time systems Behavioral sciences

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A Reinforcement Learning Approach for Performance-aware Reduction in Power Consumption of Data Center Compute Nodes

A Reinforcement Learning Approach for Performance-aware Redu...

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IEEE International Conference on Cloud engineering (IC2E)

作者： Akhilesh Raj Swann Perarnau Aniruddha Gokhale Department of Electrical Engineering Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee USA Mathematics and Computer Science Division Argonne National Laboratory Lemont Illinois USA Department of Computer Science Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee USA

As Exascale computing becomes a reality, the energy needs of compute nodes in cloud data centers will continue to grow. A common approach to reducing this energy demand is to limit the power consumption of hardware components when workloads are experiencing bottlenecks elsewhere in the system. However, designing a resource controller capable of detecting and limiting power consumption on-the-fly is a complex issue and can also adversely impact application performance. In this paper, we explore the use of Reinforcement Learning (RL) to design a power capping policy on cloud compute nodes using observations on current power consumption and instantaneous application performance (heartbeats). By leveraging the Argo Node Resource Management (NRM) software stack in conjunction with the Intel Running Average Power Limit (RAPL) hardware control mechanism, we design an agent to control the maximum supplied power to processors without compromising on application performance. Employing a Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) agent to learn an optimal policy on a mathematical model of the compute nodes, we demonstrate and evaluate using the STREAM benchmark how a trained agent running on actual hardware can take actions by balancing power consumption and application performance.

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Distributionally Robust Mining for Proof-of-Work Blockchain under Resource Uncertainties

Distributionally Robust Mining for Proof-of-Work Blockchain ...

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IEEE Conference on Wireless Communications and Networking

作者： Xunqiang Lan Xiao Tang Ruonan Zhang Bin Li Daosen Zhai Wensheng Lin Zhu Han School of Electronics and Information Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Southeast University Nanjing China National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications Chengdu China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Houston Houston TX USA Department of Computer Science and Engineering Kyung Hee University Seoul South Korea

ISBN: (数字)9798350303582

ISBN: (纸本)9798350303599

In blockchain systems characterized by computation competition, allocating computation resources is of paramount significance for the economic benefits of nodes. Besides, uncer-tainties of computation resources also affect the node's profits. In this paper, we address the computation resource allocation issue within a proof-of-work (PoW) blockchain system without exact information on the available resources, which impedes the direct investigation of the maximum mining profit. Correspondingly, we establish the chance-constrained threshold for maximum achievable profit through the blockchain in an uncertain environment and maximize this threshold under a given outage probability. Particularly, the uncertain computation resource is modeled only with its first and second statistics, which lack the exact distribution information. In this respect, we propose the distributionally robust approach to tackle the chance-constrained resource allocation strategy, which guarantees the intended profit threshold regardless of the actual distribution. We show that the considered problem admits a conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) approximation reformulation, which can be handled by alternately optimizing the resource allocation strategy and the profit threshold. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed design is robust against the uncertainty distribution, and effectively guarantees the profits of miners.

关键词： Economics Uncertainty Simulation Computational modeling Proof of Work Robustness Blockchains

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Analysis of Waves and Human Interaction Using Beach Webcams

Analysis of Waves and Human Interaction Using Beach Webcams

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OCEANS

作者： Harel Mendelman Tomer Masssas Yair Moshe Signal and Image Processing Laboratory (SIPL) Andrew and Erna Viterbi Faculty of Electrical & Computer Engineering Technion – Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel

Automatic monitoring of beach video streams is important for improving safety, environmental monitoring, research, and education related to beach activities. This paper introduces a novel approach for monitoring water bodies by analyzing beach video streams. In contrast to earlier works, in the proposed approach we analyze not only the behavior of water bodies, or of humans on beach videos, but also the interactions between them. By integrating human activity and water behavior analysis, the approach provides new insights that are unattainable by analyzing each separately. To accomplish this objective, deep neural networks are utilized to analyze video streams from existing beach webcams. The analysis includes the detection and tracking of people and waves, as well as higher level analysis. We use the task of characterizing surfing conditions as a case study and demonstrate our ability to estimate the values of key parameters that can help determine the quality of a surf spot at a given time.

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Linear Quadratic Regulator-based Controller for Control Mode Switching Under Fault Operation of Grid-Connected PV with Supercapacitor System

Linear Quadratic Regulator-based Controller for Control Mode...

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IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE

作者： Paychuda Kritprajun Leon M. Tolbert Nattapat Praisuwanna Jingxin Wang Yunting Liu Maximiliano Ferrari Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science The University of Tennessee Knoxville TN USA Dept. of Electrical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University PA USA Grid Components and Control Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN USA

ISBN: (数字)9798350376067

ISBN: (纸本)9798350376074

This paper proposes a linear quadratic regulator (LQR)-based controller for a grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) with a supercapacitor (SC) system to ensure a smooth transition of control mode when the SC is unavailable (completely charged) during fault operations. The SC improves the low-voltage ride-through (LVRT) capability of the PV system by quickly balancing power between the PV system and the grid. When the SC reaches its full charge capacity, the DC-link voltage will be controlled by the inverter’s controller, and the PV system may need to curtail its power generation. During the transition, fluctuations in the DClink voltage can occur which can compromise the stability of the PV system, especially when the control mode switching happens during severe fault operations. The proposed LQR-based controller is validated on a hardware testbed platform to demonstrate its effectiveness in reducing DC-link overvoltage during the control mode transitions. As a result, the PV system can remain compliant with LVRT requirements while maintaining stability during fault operations.

关键词： Voltage fluctuations Regulators Power quality Power control Switches Power system stability Supercapacitors Control systems Voltage control Transient analysis

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A Study of Kapton as a Flexible Substrate for Perovskite Solar Cells;Advantages and Disadvantages

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Madani, Mahdi Heydari, Zahra Poursafar, Jafar Sharifpour, Nafiseh Kolahdouz, Mohammadreza Asl-Soleimani, Ebrahim Aghababa, Hossein School of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of Engineering University of Tehran Tehran Iran Department of Engineering Loyola University Maryland BaltimoreMD21210 United States Founder of Quantum Computation and Communication Laboratory University of Tehran Iran

The increasing usage of perovskite solar cells is being driven by their high efficiency and cost-effective manufacture. Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) and Polyethylene Naphthalate (PEN) are flexible, transparent, and cost-effective. However, issues have been raised about their long-term stability, especially to the sensitivity of perovskite materials to environmental conditions like as moisture and heat, as well as the challenge of oxygen and moisture transmission across these substrates. Researchers are investigating Polyimide (PI), particularly colorless PI, for enhanced stability, but the techniques are costly. Kapton, a popular colored PI, provides excellent thermal and electrical insulation, but its reduced transparency provides optical issues. In this study, finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD) modeling and experimental analysis were utilized to investigate the optical properties and efficiency of perovskite solar cells on Kapton, PET, and glass substrates. According to the modeling, using Kapton instead of traditional substrates leads to a decrease of 16.6% in the solar cells short circuit current (JSC). In laboratory experiments, by adding lithium (Li) as the dopant in the electron transport layer (ETL), the sheet resistance of the ETL was reduced from 214 to 2.4 kΩ/. According to modeling, this enhancement resulted in a 3% increase in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the solar cell, increasing to 17.4% compared to 16.8% on a PET substrate. Furthermore, using a Kapton substrate improves critical performance parameters like open circuit voltage (VOC) and fill factor (FF). © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Perovskite solar cells

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Port-controllable routing of orbital angular momentum modes using a rotatable diffractive neural network

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第6期68卷 154-163页

作者： Junmin Liu Jiafu Chen Qingji Zeng Zemin Liang Xinping Wu Xin Zhao Jiangnan Xiao Huapeng Ye Ze Dong Dianyuan Fan Shuqing Chen Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China College of New Materials and New Energies Shenzhen Technology UniversityShenzhen 518118China Terahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical SystemTerahertz Science Cooperative Innovation CenterSchool of Optical-Electrical Computer EngineeringUniversity of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology&Institute of Electronic Paper Displays South China Academy of Advanced OptoelectronicsSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou 510006China School of Information and Electronics Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China

Orbital angular momentum(OAM)modes provide an additional orthogonal physical dimension,offering transformative potential for enhancing optical communication *** significant progress in mode multiplexing,the development of robust communication networks faces persistent challenges,particularly in effectively routing and controlling these multiplexed channels among network *** tackle these dilemmas,we propose a rotatable diffractive neural network(R-DNN)strategy and demonstrate its capability for port-controllable OAM mode *** leveraging the correlation between the orthogonal evolution of OAM modes in free space and phase modulations during propagation,the R-DNN precisely shapes the spatial evolution of mode fields through multiple rotatable phase layers,enabling efficient routing to specific output *** approach exploits the interaction of secondary wavelets with the relative states of the rotatable layers,allowing on-demand control of mode evolution paths and enhancing routing *** a proof of concept,we developed a tri-functional router that successfully directs three OAM modes to individually controllable output *** router achieves an average intermode crosstalk of less than−16.4 dB across three functional states,one-dimensional,two-dimensional,and cross-connected switching,while supporting the routing of 5.85 Tbit/s quadrature phase-shift keying *** results highlight the R-DNN’s effectiveness in achieving precise and controllable OAM mode manipulation,paving the way for advanced applications in mode-multiplexed communication networks and beyond.

关键词： orbital angular momentum mode mode routing diffractive neural network

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A New Unusual Bundle and Phase Arrangement For Transmission Line To Achieve Higher Natural Power

A New Unusual Bundle and Phase Arrangement For Transmission ...

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Annual North-American Power Symposium

作者： Mushfiqul Abedin Khan Mona Ghassemi Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Zero Emission Realization of Optimized Energy Systems (ZEROES) Laboratory The University of Texas at Dallas Richardson TX USA

In conventional lines, subconductors are located symmetrically on an identical circle in each phase. The number of subconductors in a bundle, the radius of the bundle circle, and the radius of each subconductor, are chosen so that the maximum electric field strength on the sub conductors, $E_{max}$ , is limited to the permissible field strength on the conductor surface, $E_{p r},\left(E_{max } \leq\right. E_{pr})$ , which is determined by the corona discharge limitation requirement. In this paper, we show that by shifting phase configurations and subconductors into unusual/unconventional arrangements that are geometrically optimized within the space, high power density designs can be achieved. A novel bundle and phase arrangement of a 500 kV transmission line is presented in this paper, resulting in higher natural power than conventional design.

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2D Semiconductor Optoelectronics: Advances, Challenges and Opportunities

2D Semiconductor Optoelectronics: Advances, Challenges and O...

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IEEE Nanotechnology Materials and Devices Conference (NMDC)

作者： Ali Javey Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California Berkeley CA Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA

In this talk, I will present recent advancements on understanding and controlling the radiative and non-radiative recombination rates in various 2D semiconductor systems. I will discuss the mechanisms by which non-radiative recombination can be fully suppressed in TMDC monolayers, resulting in near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield at room temperature despite the presence of large defect densities. I will discuss an AC carrier injection mechanism to enable bright light emitting devices using monolayers, overcoming the problem of Schottky contacts. Finally, I will discuss potential applications for black phosphorous (BP) thin films for midwave-IR photo detection and emission. Specifically, the BP based devices are shown to exhibit higher detectivity and luminescence efficiencies over state-of-the-art III-V and II-VI devices in mid-IR, owing to the lower Auger recombination rates and unusually low surface recombination velocity.

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