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14th Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, APEC 2025

作者： Thurlbeck, Alastair P. Siddiquee, Ashraf Kisacikoglu, Mithat John Sozer, Yilmaz National Renewable Energy Laboratory Center for Integrated Mobility Sciences GoldenCO80401 United States The University of Akron Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering AkronOH44325 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798331516116

A virtual resistance control scheme is proposed for an active state-of-charge (SOC) balancing system within a behind-the-meter-storage (BTMS) battery pack. The proposed control enables the balancing system converters to simultaneously track a reference current while also regulating a shared 12 V bus. This enables the system to balance the cell SOCs while supporting auxiliary system loads on the 12 V bus. The advantage of the virtual resistance technique lies in its robustness to the actual resistances of the system. Without virtual resistance, the reference current tracking and 12 V bus load sharing among the converters would be dictated by the varying resistances between each converter and the 12 V bus, which are unequal and difficult to measure accurately. However, by applying the virtual resistance technique, these differences are negated such that the expected reference current tracking and equal load sharing are achieved. © 2025 IEEE.

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Disturbance Propagation Stability in Droop-Controlled Microgrids

Disturbance Propagation Stability in Droop-Controlled Microg...

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American Control Conference (ACC)

作者： Sandip Roy Sai Pushpak Nandanoori Subir Sarker Soumya Kundu Veronica Adetola School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Washington State University Pullman WA USA Energy and Environment Directorate at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

The disturbance response of the angle dynamics for a droop-controlled islanded microgrid is characterized. Specifically, a notion of propagation stability is defined, which is concerned with spatial attenuation vs amplification of input-output responses in the network in a ℋ ∞ or ℋ 2 sense. Criteria for propagation stability are developed, phrased in terms of the microgrid’s inverter control parameters. The input frequency range over which the network is susceptible to amplification is also characterized, in the case that the criteria are not met. Based on the formal analysis, the design of resilient controls that trade off coherence and disturbance propagation goals is briefly conceptualized. Finally, the propagation stability analysis is illustrated using a 15-bus example microgrid network.

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Island-Oriented Multi-Energy Reef Power Plant and its Application - Layout Optimization Study and Capacity Exploration

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： He, Weijie Wei, Fanrong Lin, Xiangning Khalid, Muhammad Shoaib Dawoud, Samir Mohammed State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei Wuhan430074 China Department of Electrical Engineering National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences Faisalabad Pakistan Department of Electrical Power and Machines Engineering Faculty of Engineering Tanta University Tanta Egypt

This paper firstly discusses the current research status and problems of the energy supply system for island scenes. In response to these problems, this paper proposes an integrated layout scheme for the construction of a multi-energy reef power plant based on paddle-less wind turbines, floating solar panels, and oscillating float-type wave energy capture devices, taking into account the island's natural conditions and geographic advantages, based on a full assessment of the wind/light/wave energy resource conditions of the island and its neighboring reef area scenarios. With the constraint of equal annual value investment cost, a reasonable layout optimization principle is established based on the actual conditions, and a typical day is selected using the scenario reduction idea to establish a layout optimization and capacity exploration model with the objective function of maximizing the annual total power generation. The CPLEX mixed integer planning algorithm is used to solve the modeling examples, and the results are compared with those of the exhaustive method with different accuracies. The results show that the proposed construction layout scheme is reasonable and feasible, and has unique advantages in the island scenario, with a large potential for power generation. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Reefs

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Analysis of atmospheric effects on the continuous variable quantum key distribution

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Chinese Physics B 2022年第11期31卷 211-218页

作者： Tao Liu Shuo Zhao Ivan B.Djordjevic Shuyu Liu Sijia Wang Tong Wu Bin Li Pingping Wang Rongxiang Zhang Department of Electronic and Communication Engineering North China Electric Power UniversityBaoding 071003China Hebei Key Laboratory of Power Internet of Things Technology North China Electric Power UniversityBaoding 071003China Baoding Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Optical Communication Technology North China Electric Power UniversityBaoding 071003China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Arizona1230 E Speedway BlvdTucsonArizona 85721USA College of Physics Science and Technology Hebei UniversityBaoding 071002China

Atmospheric effects have significant influence on the performance of a free-space optical continuous variable quantum key distribution(CVQKD)*** this paper,we investigate how the transmittance,excess noise and interruption probability caused by atmospheric effects affect the secret-key rate(SKR)of the *** signal wavelengths,two weather conditions,two detection schemes,and two types of attacks are considered in our *** expression aims at calculating the interruption probability is proposed based on the Kolmogorov spectrum *** results show that a signal using long working wavelength can propagate much further than that of using short ***,as the wavelength increases,the influence of interruption probability on the SKR becomes more significant,especially within a certain transmission ***,interruption probability must be considered for CVQKD by using long-signal ***,different detection schemes used by the receiver will result in different transmission distances when subjected to individual attacks and collective attacks,respectively.

关键词： atmospheric effect continuous variable key distribution free space quantum communication secret-key rate

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The effect of nutrient broth media on PEDOT:PSS gated OECTs for whole-cell bacteria detection

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Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X 2022年 12卷

作者： Frantz, Eric Huang, Jingchu Han, Daewoo Steckl, Andrew J. Nanoelectronics Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Cincinnati CincinnatiOH45221-0030 United States

The organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) is a device of much interest in biological sensing applications, including the detection of various cell types and electrolytes. In order to study cell behavior these devices are often operated in a cell culture media. While OECT operation in various salt solutions is well documented the effects of nutrient media are rarely addressed. We have investigated the effect of the complex nutrient broths commonly used in cell culturing on the OECT operation. Here we report on the effects of using lysogeny broth (LB) and yeast/triptone (YT) nutrient broths as operating media on PEDOT:PSS based planar OECTs. OECT devices were characterized in both nutrient broths and equivalent salt solutions to determine the effects that proteins and yeast extracts have on current on/off ratio, transconductance, and gate voltage at peak transconductance. We have found that the OECT peak transconductance (∼2.4 mS) was not affected by operation in broth media. However, a shift of −250 mV in effective gate voltage was observed. This resulted in a reduction in the gate voltage for peak transconductance from ∼0.7 V for a pure electrolyte solution to 0.3 V for operation in both broth solutions. A doubling in the ratio of operating current (at peak transconductance) to initial current from ∼0.2–0.3 to ∼0.5–0.6 was observed for both broth media. To demonstrate application as a biosensor in nutrient media, the OECT was used to characterize and detect the bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens, achieving a limit of detection of ∼880 CFU/mL while operating in LB broth. © 2022 The Authors

关键词： Cells

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ERASE-Net: Efficient Segmentation Networks for Automotive Radar Signals

ERASE-Net: Efficient Segmentation Networks for Automotive Ra...

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IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)

作者： Shihong Fang Haoran Zhu Devansh Bisla Anna Choromanska Satish Ravindran Dongyin Ren Ryan Wu Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Learning Systems Laboratory New York University NY USA NXP Semiconductors San Jose CA USA

Among various sensors for assisted and autonomous driving systems, automotive radar has been considered as a robust and low-cost solution even in adverse weather or lighting conditions. With the recent development of radar technologies and open-sourced annotated data sets, semantic segmentation with radar signals has become very promising. However, existing methods are either computationally expensive or discard significant amounts of valuable information from raw 3D radar signals by reducing them to 2D planes via averaging. In this work, we introduce ERASE-Net, an Efficient RAdar SEgmentation Network to segment the raw radar signals semantically. The core of our approach is the novel detect-then-segment method for raw radar signals. It first detects the center point of each object, then extracts a compact radar signal representation, and finally performs semantic segmentation. We show that our method can achieve superior performance on radar semantic segmentation task compared to the state-of-the-art (SOTA) technique. Furthermore, our approach requires up to 20×less computational resources. Finally, we show that the proposed ERASE-Net can be compressed by 40% without significant loss in performance, significantly more than the SOTA network, which makes it a more promising candidate for practical automotive applications.

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Multibit Attention Fusion for Gaze Estimation Using 12-Bit RAW Data From CMOS Sensors

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IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 2025年 74卷

作者： Tian, Kaiwen Wang, Han Wu, Zhipeng Lyu, Yongxiang Vai, Mang I. Liu, Yu Tianjin University School of Microelectronics Tianjin300072 China University of Macau Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI China

In recent years, deep learning-based gaze estimation techniques using eye images have made significant progress. However, balancing prediction accuracy and computational complexity remains a challenge. In this article, we propose using the RAW data from a CMOS image sensor (CIS) as input, thereby avoiding the high computational demands of the traditional image signal processor (ISP) (which converts RAW to RGB). We designed a special measuring scheme to collect and annotate a 12-bit RAW dataset. Additionally, we introduce the Multibit Attention Fusion Gaze Estimation Network (MAFN) to accurately perform gaze estimation using 12-bit RAW data. Our MAFN effectively extracts features of varying granularities through attention fusion techniques across different bit depths. We also employ axial sensitivity spatial attention, which is more sensitive to the horizontal and vertical positions of the pupil in gaze angle prediction. Furthermore, we propose bit rolling channelization and neural network-friendly quantization (NNFQ) for lossless input of 12-bit data and low-bit data generation, respectively. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of MAFN and demonstrate the superiority of our method, showing that it can accurately measure gaze direction using 12-bit RAW data. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Image coding

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Robust Synergetic Observer based Fault-Tolerant Control for Electric Vehicle Applications

Robust Synergetic Observer based Fault-Tolerant Control for ...

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Annual Conference of Industrial Electronics Society

作者： Mohammed Kabir Billa Boumegouas Katia Kouzi Mohamed Trabelsi Atif Iqbal Mhamed Birame Mohammad B. Shadmand Laboratory of Semiconductors and Functional Materials Amar Telidji University of Laghouat Algeria Electronics and Communications Engineering Department Kuwait College of Science and Technology Kuwait Department of Electrical Engineering Qatar University Doha Qatar Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Illinois Chicago IL USA

ISBN: (数字)9781665464543

ISBN: (纸本)9781665464550

Speed sensor faults are very common in electric vehicle (EV) applications, often disrupting system performance due to the reliance on speed sensor data by the electric drives. Consequently, fault-tolerant control approaches require robust observer structures capable of functioning effectively during faults, swiftly identifying and reconfiguring failures. Thus, this paper presents a novel fault-tolerant control design leveraging a synergetic observer (SO) to substitute the speed sensor in the event of fault. Comparative analysis with a super-twisting sliding mode observer (ST-SMO) highlights the proposed observer's superior performance in terms of tracking accuracy and ripple reduction. The presented simulation results demonstrate promising performance of the proposed observer for fault-tolerant control in EV applications.

关键词： Fault tolerance System performance Simulation Fault tolerant systems Velocity control Observers Electric vehicles Synchronous motors Vehicle dynamics Magnetosphere

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SFDA-rPPG: Source-Free Domain Adaptive Remote Physiological Measurement with Spatio-Temporal Consistency

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Xie, Yiping Yu, Zitong Wu, Bingjie Xie, Weicheng Shen, Linlin Computer Vision Institute School of Computer Science & Software Engineering Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society Guangdong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China School of Computing and Information Technology Great Bay University Dongguan523000 China National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data System Computing Technology Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China Singapore

Remote Photoplethysmography (rPPG) is a non-contact method that uses facial video to predict changes in blood volume, enabling physiological metrics measurement. Traditional rPPG models often struggle with poor generalization capacity in unseen domains. Current solutions to this problem is to improve its generalization in the target domain through Domain Generalization (DG) or Domain Adaptation (DA). However, both traditional methods require access to both source domain data and target domain data, which cannot be implemented in scenarios with limited access to source data, and another issue is the privacy of accessing source domain data. In this paper, we propose the first Source-free Domain Adaptation benchmark for rPPG measurement (SFDA-rPPG), which overcomes these limitations by enabling effective domain adaptation without access to source domain data. Our framework incorporates a Three-Branch Spatio-Temporal Consistency Network (TSTC-Net) to enhance feature consistency across domains. Furthermore, we propose a new rPPG distribution alignment loss based on the Frequency-domain Wasserstein Distance (FWD), which leverages optimal transport to align power spectrum distributions across domains effectively and further enforces the alignment of the three branches. Extensive cross-domain experiments and ablation studies demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method in source-free domain adaptation settings. Our findings highlight the significant contribution of the proposed FWD loss for distributional alignment, providing a valuable reference for future research and applications. The source code is available at https://***/XieYiping66/SFDA-rPPG. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Photoplethysmography

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A K -Band Four-Beam Transmitter with Decoupled Phase/Gain Control and Enhanced Power Back off Efficiency for SATCOM

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IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 2024年第11期72卷 6443-6459页

作者： Gao, Huiyan Li, Nayu Xie, Xinhong Wang, Shaogang Lu, Hang Kuan, Yen-Cheng Yu, Xiaopeng Song, Chunyi Jane Gu, Qun Xu, Zhiwei Institute of Marine Electronics and Intelligent Systems Ocean College Zhejiang University Zhoushan316021 China Engineering Research Center of Oceanic Sensing Technology and Equipment Ministry of Education Zhoushan316021 China Donghai Laboratory Zhoushan316021 China National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University International College of Semiconductor Technology Hsinchu30010 Taiwan Institute of VLSI Design and Research College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou310058 China University of California at Davis Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering DavisCA95616 United States

This article presents a 17.7-20.2 GHz eight-element four-beam RF-beamforming transmitter in 65-nm CMOS for satellite communication (SATCOM). The transmitter utilizes an analog scheme in the variable-gain amplifier (VGA) to achieve dB-in-linear gain control with a high dynamic range (DR), together with a current combining crossbar for a compact footprint. The vector-modulation-based (VM-based) phase shifter (PS) adopts the cancellation-based Gm units for low switching variation. Furthermore, eight PSs of each beam are split into two groups, with each group sharing the same tunable I/Q generator for low power consumption. Considering the increased peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) caused by high-order modulation schemes and multibeam operation, the transmitter incorporates compact transformer-based Doherty power amplifiers (DPAs) with adaptive bias control to improve the power efficiency at back-off. The chip achieves a 31-dB gain-tuning range with a 0.283-dB step and a 360° phase-shifting range with a calibrated 7-bit resolution. The measured root-mean-square (RMS) phase/gain errors induced by the VGA/PS are below 2.05°/0.147 dB, respectively, which decouples phase/gain control. The transmitter achieves a maximum output 1-dB gain compression point (OP1dB) of 17.9 dBm and a maximum saturated power (Psat) of 18.9 dBm. The output element exhibits 29.3% drain efficiency (DE) at 6-dB power back off (PBO) from Psat , which is 1.56/3.12 times over the normalized class-B/class-A implementations, demonstrating Doherty PBO efficiency enhancement. The chip occupies an area of 8.59 × 4.17 mm2 and consumes 398 mW per element at OP1dB. Additionally, a 16-element linear array has been developed to showcase the capabilities of the multibeam operation and gain tapering. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Efficiency

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