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arXiv 2024年

作者： Howard, Christopher T. Hunt, William D. Allen, Kenneth W. Advanced Concepts Laboratory Georgia Tech Research Institute AtlantaGA30318 United States School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA30332 United States

The accelerating trend of active metasurfaces - such as those incorporating non-Foster matching, programmable control, or space-time modulation - adds complexity to the computational electromagnetic (CEM) simulation landscape. In this work, we present an equivalent circuit model (ECM) for a particular periodic array element - the dogbone element - that incorporates an arbitrary sub-cell electronic circuit. The ECM is capable of predicting the overall surface impedance with any changes in the circuit's impedance. Three full-wave CEM simulations fully determine the EC, and the scattering parameters computed from the ECM for an embedded circuit, however complex, should be substantially similar to those produced by the full-wave code. With metasurfaces for which it is possible to obtain an ECM by this method, the reflection or transmission behavior of the surface under varying circuit conditions can be computed quickly without need of any further full-wave solutions. After highlighting the importance of fully characterizing parasitics in embedded components, we apply the method to the design of a varactor-based tunable metasurface, which upon fabrication and focused beam measurement demonstrates excellent model-measure agreement. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Integrated circuit design

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A Parallel Read-Write Circuit With Fast Amplitude-Adaptive Matching Scheme to Memristor Crossbar Array

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IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers 2025年

作者： Jiang, Ningye Jiang, Mingxuan Huang, Haoen Yang, Le Huang, Yi Zeng, Zhigang Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Key Laboratory of Image Information Processing and Intelligent Control Ministry of Education of China Wuhan430074 China Wuhan Institute of Technology School of Electrical and Information Engineering Wuhan430205 China University of Massachusetts Amherst Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering AmherstMA01003 United States

Memristor crossbar array (MCA) is a computing-in-memory (CIM) module for computational acceleration. However, conventional read-write (R-W) circuits for MCA rely heavily on external components and have shortcoming in long writing times. To address these issues, we propose a parallel R-W circuit with a fast amplitude-adaptive matching (AAM) scheme. The fast AAM scheme is designed to accelerate time of writing memristors in MCA by adaptively adjusting the writing voltage to match an optimal amplitude. The architecture of parallel R-W circuit are outlined with the implementation of R-W processes. The design principles of parallel R-W unit, fast AAM unit, and associated control logic are described for analyzing their functions within the circuit. By integrating the parallel R-W circuit with MCA, a computing block is leveraged in a neural network for classification tasks. The experimental results demonstrate that the neural network with multiple computing blocks maintains high accuracy across various datasets (over 80%). Furthermore, the proposed AAM scheme achieves an average 54% reduction in writing time compared to that one without AAM scheme. Compared to the pulse-width scheme, the parallel R-W circuit exhibits an average 3.05× speedup in adjusting a 5×5 MCA, and the speedup efficiency is higher as the increases of MCA size. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Memristors

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Generation and manipulation of skyrmions and other topological spin structures with rare metals

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Rare Metals 2022年第7期41卷 2200-2216页

作者： Chu Ye Lin-Lin Li Yun Shu Qian-Rui Li Jing Xia Zhi-Peng Hou Yan Zhou Xiao-Xi Liu Yun-You Yang Guo-Ping Zhao College of Physics and Electronic Engineering Sichuan Normal UniversityChengdu 610068China Center for Magnetism and Spintronics Sichuan Normal UniversityChengdu 610068China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology Guangzhou 510006China Institute for Advanced Materials South China Normal UniversitySouth China Academy of Advanced OptoeletronicsGuangzhou 510006China School of Science and Engineering The Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhen 518172China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Shinshu UniversityNagano 380-8553Japan

Skyrmions are nano-scale quasi-particles with topological protection,which have potential applications in next-generation spintronics-based information *** papers have been published to review various aspects of skyrmions,including physics,materials and ***,no review paper has focused on rare metals which play important roles in nucleating and manipulating skyrmions and other topological *** this paper,various roles of rare metals have been classified and summarized,which can tune Curie temperature(TC),Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction(DMI),magnetocrystalline anisotropy,Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida(RKKY)interaction and four-spin interaction so as to trigger the generation of skyrmions and other topological spin *** materials covered include typical B20 crystals,various layered systems with interfacial DMI,frustrated materials,antiferromagnets,ferrimagnets,twodimensional(2D)materials,*** addition,the rare-earth(RE)permanent magnets can provide an energy barrier and enrich the dynamic behaviors of skyrmions,which has also been reviewed.

关键词： Magnetic skyrmions Rare metals Generation and manipulation

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Asymmetric frequency multiplexing topological devices based on a floating edge band

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Photonics Research 2024年第6期12卷 1201-1212页

作者： JIAJUN MA CHUNMEI OUYANG YUTING YANG DONGYANG WANG HONGYI LI LI NIU YI LIU QUAN XU YANFENG LI ZHEN TIAN JIAGUANG HAN WEILI ZHANG Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering and Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and TechnologyTianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China School of Materials Science and Physics China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou 221116China Optoelectronics Research Centre University of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing School of Optoelectronic EngineeringGuilin University of Electronic TechnologyGuilin 541004China School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Oklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOklahoma 74078USA

Topological photonics provides a platform for robust energy transport regardless of sharp corners and ***,the frequency multiplexing topological devices have attracted much attention due to the ability to separate optical signals by wavelength and hence the potential application in optical communication *** frequency multiplexing topological devices are generally based on the slow light ***,the resulting static local spatial mode or finely tuned flat band has zero-group velocity,making it difficult for both experimental excitation and channel ***,we propose and experimentally demonstrate an alternative prototype of asymmetric frequency multiplexing devices including a topological rainbow and frequency router based on floating topological edge mode(instead of localized ones);hence the multiple wavelength channels can be collectively excited with a point source and efficiently routed to separate output *** channel separation in our design is achieved by gradually tuning the band gap truncation on a topological edge band over a wide range of frequencies.A crucial feature lies in that the topological edge band is detached from bulk states and floating within the upper and lower photonic band *** interestingly,due to the sandwiched morphology of the edge band,the top and bottom band gaps will each truncate into transport channels that support topological propagation towards opposite directions,and the asymmetrical transportation is realized for the frequency multiplexing topological devices.

关键词： tuning floating hence

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Performance Evaluation of Grounding System of Overhead Medium Voltage Power Line embedded with RES Distributed Generation

Performance Evaluation of Grounding System of Overhead Mediu...

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International Conference on High Voltage engineering and Application, ICHVE

作者： K. F. Evgenidis E. D. Ellinas C. A. Christodoulou I. F. Gonos High Voltage Laboratory School of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Technical University of Athens Athens Greece

ISBN: (数字)9781665407502

ISBN: (纸本)9781665407519

The efficient performance of the grounding systems in power distribution networks is a key factor for the adequate operation of the protective schemes, in an effort to ensure the restriction of the developed potentials and the protection of the personnel and the equipment. However, the rapid growth of grid - connected Distributed Generation (DG), during the last decade, has changed the operational characteristics of the distribution networks, making necessary the re-design of its' protection schemes. In this context, the role of the grounding systems has to further been investigated, taking into consideration the distributed generation. In the current work, the performance of multiple variations of a grounding system of a typical overhead Medium Voltage (MV) power line embedded with Distribution Generation (DG) will be studied, under various scenarios and comparative analysis, by using appropriate charts, will be carried out. Due to lack of standardization regarding the design and operation of grounding systems in overhead MV power lines, the extracted results aim to provide guidance on the optimal, in terms of safety and techno-economic criteria, design of a grounding system of distribution networks by studying the impact of various parameters (soil structure, fault current magnitude, fault clearing times etc.).

关键词： Resistance Performance evaluation Earth Grounding Medium voltage Soil Conductivity

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Is it necessary to calculate young’s modulus in afm nanoindentation experiments regarding biological samples?

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Micro and Nanosystems 2021年第1期13卷 3-8页

作者： Kontomaris, Stylianos-Vasileios Malamou, Anna Stylianou, Andreas Faculty of Architecture Engineering & Built Environment Athens Metropolitan College Athens Greece Radar Systems and Remote Sensing Lab School of Electrical & Computer Engineering National Technical University Athens Greece Cancer Biophysics Laboratory Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Cyprus Nicosia Cyprus

Background: The determination of the mechanical properties of biological samples using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) at the nanoscale is usually performed using basic models arising from the contact mechanics theory. In particular, the Hertz model is the most frequently used theoretical tool for data processing. However, the Hertz model requires several assumptions, such as homogeneous and isotropic samples and indenters with perfectly spherical or conical shapes. As it is widely known, none of these requirements are 100 % fulfilled for the case of indentation experiments at the nanoscale. As a result, significant errors arise in the Young’s modulus calculation. At the same time, an analytical model that could account complexities of soft biomaterials, such as nonlinear behavior, anisotropy, and heterogeneity, may be far-reaching. In addition, this hypothetical model would be ‘too difficult’ to be applied in real clinical activities since it would require a very heavy workload and highly specialized personnel. Objective: In this paper, a simple solution is provided to the aforementioned dead-end. A new approach is introduced in order to provide a simple and accurate method for mechanical characterization at the nanoscale. Method: The ratio of the work done by the indenter on the sample of interest to the work done by the indenter on a reference sample is introduced as a new physical quantity that does not require homogeneous, isotropic samples or perfect indenters. Results: The proposed approach provides an accurate solution from not only a physical perspective but also a simpler solution which does not require activities such as the determination of the cantilever’s spring constant and the dimensions of the AFM tip. Conclusion: It has been observed from this opinion paper that the solution aims to provide a significant opportunity to overcome the existing limitations provided by Hertzian mechanics and apply AFM techniques in real clinical activities. © 2021 Bentham

关键词： Indentation

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Estimating Link Packet Rates from Partial CSMA/CA Network Observations 55

Estimating Link Packet Rates from Partial CSMA/CA Network Ob...

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55th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and computers, ACSSC 2021

作者： Cheng, Yirong Graves, Eric Swami, Ananthram Sabharwal, Ashutosh Rice University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering HoustonTX United States US Army Research Laboratory AdelphiMD United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781665458283

We consider the problem of estimating link packet rates in CSMA/CA networks using only eavesdropped observations from a single observer. We assume that the observer does not know the network topology and hence the contention graph indicating the interference structure. Additionally, if the eavesdropped network permits spatial reuse, then there will be collisions at the eavesdropper, leading to partial measurements. We propose a link packet rate estimation algorithm that works under the challenges mentioned above, by leveraging time reversibility of the traffic on networks with single-hop flows. We demonstrate that the estimated values converge to the true values asymptotically in the duration of the observation window. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Network topology

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Stochastic Dominant Cognitive Experience Guided Particle Swarm Optimization

Stochastic Dominant Cognitive Experience Guided Particle Swa...

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2023 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, SMC 2023

作者： Pan, Han-Yang Yang, Qiang Li, Ming Zhang, En Ma, Yuan-Yuan Li, Tao Liu, Dong Zhang, Jun College of Computer and Information Engineering Henan Normal University Xinxiang China Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Personalized Learning in Education of Henan Province Xinxiang China School of Artificial Intelligence Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing China Zhejiang Normal University Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province Jinhua China Hanyang University Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Ansan Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9798350337020

This paper proposes a stochastic dominant cognitive experience-guided learning framework for particle swarm optimization (SDCEGPSO) to enhance its search ability in complex environment. Specifically, different from classical PSOs, SDCEGPSO randomly selects dominant cognitive experiences to guide the learning of particles. To this end, the cognitive experiences of all particles, namely their personal best positions, are sorted from the best to the worst. Then, each particle randomly chooses a personal best position better than its own to learn. For the cognitive experience selection, this paper designs three selection methods, namely the random selection, the roulette wheel selection, and the tournament selection. With this learning framework, particles have diverse guiding exemplars to learn from and thus high search diversity is expectedly maintained. Experiments conducted on the 50-D and 100-D CEC2014 problem suite have verified the effectiveness of SDCEGPSO. Compared with the classical global PSO (GPSO) and local PSO (LPSO), SDCEGPSO with the three selection schemes achieve significantly better performance. Besides, among the three selection schemes, the binary tournament selection is the most effective one to help SDCEGPSO solve optimization problems. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Evolutionary Algorithms Global Optimization Particle Swarm Optimization Stochastic Dominant Cognitive Experience Guided Learning

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Sharing the Load: Considering Fairness in De-energization Scheduling to Mitigate Wildfire Ignition Risk using Rolling Optimization

Sharing the Load: Considering Fairness in De-energization Sc...

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IEEE Conference on Decision and Control

作者： Alyssa Kody Amanda West Daniel K. Molzahn Energy Systems Division Argonne National Laboratory School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology

ISBN: (数字)9781665467612

ISBN: (纸本)9781665467629

Wildfires are a threat to public safety and have increased in both frequency and severity due to climate change. To mitigate wildfire ignition risks, electric power system operators proactively de-energize high-risk power lines during "public safety power shut-off" (PSPS) events. Line de-energizations can cause communities to lose power, which may result in negative economic, health, and safety impacts. Furthermore, the same communities may repeatedly experience power shutoffs over the course of a wildfire season, which compounds these negative impacts. However, there may be many combinations of power lines whose de-energization will result in about the same reduction of system-wide wildfire risk, but the associated power outages affect different communities. Therefore, one may raise concerns regarding the fairness of de-energization decisions. Accordingly, this paper proposes a framework to select lines to de-energize in order to balance wildfire risk reduction, total load shedding, and fairness considerations. The goal of the framework is to prevent a small fraction of communities from disproportionally being impacted by PSPS events, and to instead more equally share the burden of power outages. For a geolocated test case in the southwestern United States, we use actual California demand data as well as real wildfire risk forecasts to simulate PSPS events during the 2021 wildfire season and compare the performance of various methods for promoting fairness. Our results demonstrate that the proposed formulation can provide significantly more fair outcomes with limited impacts on system-wide performance.

关键词： Climate change Renewable energy sources Sociology Fires Load shedding Ignition Power system reliability

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Dynamic State Estimation-Based Protection for Induction Motor Loads

Dynamic State Estimation-Based Protection for Induction Moto...

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2022 North American Power Symposium, NAPS 2022

作者： Barnes, Arthur K. Basu, Sarbajit Mate, Adam Advanced Network Science Initiative at Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNM87545 United States New Mexico State University Klipsch School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Las CrucesNM88003 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781665499217

Ensuring protective device coordination is critical to maintain the resilience and improve the reliability of large microgrids. Inverter-interfaced generation, however, poses significant challenges when designing protection systems. Traditional time-overcurrent protective devices are unsuitable on account of the lack of fault current. Present industry practice is to force all inverters to shut down during faults, which prevents large microgrids from operating in a resilient and reliable manner. Dynamic state estimation (DSE) has been proposed for line protection, and more recently for the protection of load buses or downstream radial portions of microgrids. However, only passive loads with series resistive-inductive loads have been tested with DSE, even though the behavior of dynamic loads - such as induction motors or power electronics - may differ significantly during faults. This paper considers the case of applying DSE to protecting a load bus serving a three-phase induction motor. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Electric power distribution

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