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Computational Predictions on the Magnetic Particle Imaging Performance of Tracers Subjected to Magnetic Dipole-Dipole Interactions

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IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 2025年

作者： Azizi, Ebrahim Mostufa, Shahriar Rezaei, Bahareh Xin, Shumin Sun, Jiajia Shi, Zongqian Gomez-Pastora, Jenifer Wu, Kai Texas Tech University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering LubbockTX79409 United States Xi'an Jiaotong University State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment No. 28 Xianning West Road Shaanxi Province Xi'an710049 China Texas Tech University Department of Chemical Engineering LubbockTX79409 United States

Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) is a tracer-based tomographic imaging technique recognized for its tissue-depth-independent sensitivity, quantitative accuracy, and high spatial and temporal resolution. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION) tracers are widely used in MPI research for applications such as cancer imaging, cardiovascular imaging, stem cell tracking, drug delivery monitoring, etc. As MPI transitions toward clinical use, several challenges remain to be addressed, including tracer design, image reconstruction algorithms, and optimized field configurations, to achieve improved imaging performance. The magnetic dipole-dipole interactions (dipolar interactions) between magnetized tracers are often overlooked in applications such as magnetic sensing, imaging, and separation. However, in imaging scenarios where tracers target tumors, stem cells, or similar applications, surface-functionalized tracers tend to aggregate at target sites, leading to reduced inter-particle distances where dipolar fields from neighboring tracers become significant. This study investigates the impact of magnetic dipolar interactions among SPION tracers on MPI imaging performance by tuning the inter-particle distances. Using the stochastic Langevin function, we modeled an ensemble of 1,000 SPION tracers within a field-free region (FFR). Key magnetization dynamics such as time-domain magnetization responses, magnetization-field response (M-H) curves, voltage signals recorded by receiver coils, higher harmonics, and point spread functions (PSFs) were analyzed. Here, higher harmonics and the Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) of the PSFs serve as indicators for evaluating the impact of dipolar interactions on MPI performance. © 1965-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Stem cells

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A Transactive Energy Framework for Hydrogen Production with Economically Viable Nuclear Power

A Transactive Energy Framework for Hydrogen Production with ...

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2022 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition, T and D 2022

作者： Mahmud, Sadab Sah, Suba Ponkiya, Binaka Katikaneni, Sravya Raker, David Heben, Michael Khanna, Raghav Javaid, Ahmad Yi, Zonggen Westover, Tyler Luo, Yusheng University of Toledo Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department ToledoOH United States Energy Storage and Advanced Transportation Department Idaho National Laboratory Energy Storage and Advanced Transportation Department Idaho FallsID United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781665443296

This paper demonstrates the use of transactive energy (TE) to maximize the profitability and flexibility of a nuclear power plant. Reductions in the price of natural gas, and the concurrent influx of variable and distributed energy resources in the electricity market of the U.S. have impacted the economic viability of traditional nuclear power generation, which is currently untenable for adapting to dynamic pricing trends. This can be resolved by using TE concepts to control and coordinate an integrated nuclear energy system. This system can recuperate by using the excess nuclear thermal energy at times when the electricity prices are low to produce hydrogen and participate in the hydrogen market. A nuclear-renewable integrated energy system is demonstrated here with renewable sources, electrolyzers, a power conversion system, and storage systems along with the nuclear power plant. Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) methodology has been used to control, coordinate, and optimize the system based on TE concepts. The proposed framework demonstrates how future nuclear generation can flexibly participate in electric power markets. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Hydrogen production

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An Haptic Display for Visually Impaired Pedestrian Navigation 1st

An Haptic Display for Visually Impaired Pedestrian Navigatio...

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1st International Conference of Advanced Computing and Informatics, ICACIN 2020

作者： Alzighaibi, Sara Bouaziz, Rahma Kammoun, Slim Information System Department College of Computer Science and Engineering Taibah University Medina Saudi Arabia Computer Science Department College of Computer Science and Engineering Taibah University Medina Saudi Arabia ReDCAD University of Sfax Sfax Tunisia Research Laboratory of Technologies of Information and Communication & Electrical Engineering University of Tunis Tunis Tunisia

ISBN: (纸本)9789811560477

Sight is one of the major senses that allows people to travel safely, freely, and independently of others. In their daily life, visually impaired people are confronting challenging tasks such as reading or writing. Navigation and direction finding, particularly in the unfamiliar environment, are remaining as one of the main issues for visually impaired (VI) individuals. Several ways have been emerged to help VI orientation and mobility such as electronic orientation aids which can be further studied and developed. This work aims to improve VI navigation by proposing a new tactile interface that will be designed and implemented with the use of vibrators and Arduino board. The proposed interface targets to increase the quality of life and independence for VI. Also, evaluation performed with VI pedestrian will give us further information and knowledge regarding haptic perceptions and effectiveness of such interface and interaction technique. © 2021, The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Navigation

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Scalable and flexible porous hybrid film as a thermal insulating subambient radiative cooler for energy-saving buildings

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National Science Open 2023年第4期2卷 153-167页

作者： Tong Wang Shuhua Tu Yinggang Chen Qian Zhu Yinan Zhang Zhiyi Ding Xue Mei Min Chen Min Gu Limin Wu Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Institute of Photonic Chips University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China Centre for Artificial-Intelligence Nanophotonics School of Optical-Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China School of Materials and Chemistry University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China

Passive daytime radiative cooling(PDRC)is one of the promising alternatives to electrical cooling and has a significant impact on worldwide energy consumption and carbon *** real-world applications,however,the parasitic heat input and heat leakage pose crucial challenges to commercial and residential buildings *** integrating of radiative cooling and thermal insulation properties represents an attractive direction in renewable energy-efficient building envelope ***,we present a hierarchically porous hybrid film as a scalable and flexible thermal insulating subambient radiative cooler via a simple and inexpensive inverse high internal phase emulsion *** as-prepared porous hybrid film exhibits an intrinsic combination of high solar reflectance(0.95),strong longwave infrared thermal emittance(0.97),and low thermal conductivity(31 mW/(m K)),yielding a subambient cooling temperature of~8.4℃ during the night and~6.5℃ during the hot midday with an average cooling power of~94 W/m^(2) under a solar intensity of~900 W/m^(2).Promisingly,combining the superhydrophobicity,durability,superelasticity,robust mechanical strength,and industrial applicability,the film is favorable for large-scale,sustainable and energy-saving applications in a wide variety of climates and complicated surfaces,enabling a substantial reduction of energy costs,greenhouse gas emission and associated ozone-depleting from traditional cooling systems.

关键词： radiative cooling thermal insulation energy-saving buildings scalability flexibility

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PDCU-Net: A Depth Model by Imitating Expert Diagnostic Thinking for Corneal Ulcer Classification on Slit-Lamp Images

PDCU-Net: A Depth Model by Imitating Expert Diagnostic Think...

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International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)

作者： Jianxin Liu Jianwei Zhang Kangyu Lin Shiyou Zhou School of Computer Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou China The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Guangdong Provincial Institute for Vision and Eye Research Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center at Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China

ISBN: (数字)9798350359312

ISBN: (纸本)9798350359329

Infectious keratitis (IK) is a common and devastating ophthalmic disease that often leads to corneal ulcer. Timely and accurate initial diagnosis for corneal ulcer is required to ensure reasonable and accurate drug selection to prevent vision loss and even blindness. It is challenging for ophthalmologists to diagnose the type of infection and pattern of ulcer based on corneal ulcers. In this study, a Progressive Diagnostic Network for Corneal Ulcer Classification (PDCU-Net) is proposed. We introduce progressive training to imitate the thinking of ophthalmologists in diagnosis, and improve the model’s ability and interpretability to distinguish infection types and pattern of corneal ulcers through multi-stage progressive diagnosis. Furthermore, to enhance image details and increase the generalization ability of the model, we also design an image processing module. Experimental results on three datasets show that PDCU-Net achieves better performance than other state-ofthe-art classification networks. The model may accurately make a diagnosis of infection types and patterns of corneal ulcer from slit lamp images, which can effectively assist ophthalmologists in the objective and accurate diagnosis of corneal ulcer.

关键词： Training Drugs Accuracy Annotations Neural networks Force Blindness

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Ice-Filling: Near-Optimal Channel Estimation for Dense Array Systems

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IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 2025年

作者： Cui, Mingyao Zhang, Zijian Dai, Linglong Huang, Kaibin The University of Hong Kong Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Hong Kong Tsinghua University Department of Electronic Engineering China Tsinghua University State Key laboratory of Space Network and Communications Beijing100084 China Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science CambridgeMA02139 United States

By deploying a large number of antennas with subhalf- wavelength spacing in a compact space, dense array systems (DASs) can fully unleash the multiplexing and diversity gains of limited apertures. To acquire these gains, accurate channel state information acquisition is necessary but challenging due to the large antenna numbers. To overcome this obstacle, this paper reveals that designing the observation matrix to exploit the high spatial correlation of DAS channels is crucial for realizing near-optimal Bayesian channel estimation. Specifically, we prove that the observation matrix design for channel estimation is equivalent to a time-domain duality of point-to-point multipleinput multiple-output precoding, except for the change in the total power constraint on the precoding matrix to the pilot-wise discrete power constraint on the observation matrix. Inspired by Bayesian regression, a novel ice-filling algorithm is proposed to design amplitude-and-phase controllable observation matrices, and a majorization-minimization algorithm is proposed to address the phase-only controllable case. Particularly, we prove that the ice-filling algorithm can be interpreted as a "quantized" water-filling algorithm, wherein the latter’s continuous power-allocation process is converted into the former’s discrete pilot-assignment process. To support the near-optimality of the proposed designs, we provide comprehensive analyses on the achievable mean square errors and their asymptotic expressions. Finally, numerical results confirm that our proposed designs achieve the near-optimal channel estimation performance and outperform existing approaches significantly. © 2002-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Mean square error

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New coercivities and Curie temperatures emerged in van der Waals homostructures of Fe3GeTe2

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Physical Review Materials 2023年第6期7卷 L061001-L061001页

作者： Shanchuan Liang Jierui Liang Jimmy C. Kotsakidis Hasitha Suriya Arachchige David Mandrus Adam L. Friedman Cheng Gong Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Quantum Technology Center University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA Laboratory for Physical Sciences College Park Maryland 20740 USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering The University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee 37996 USA

Stacking of two-dimensional van der Waals (vdW) materials has emerged as a vital approach for investigating the complex interplay between coexisting materials, leading to novel electronic, photonic, and spintronic phenomena such as strong electronic correlation, enhanced Zeeman splitting of excitons, and the magnetic proximity effect. While most of the previous focus was on the electronic and photonic properties of vdW hetero-/homostructures, the study of magnetism in hetero-/homostructures remains lacking, though phenomena such as layer-dependent magnetism already highlighted the critical role of interlayer coupling in magnetism of layered systems. Here, we report an interesting two-step magnetic hysteresis loop in the homostructure of the layered vdW magnet Fe3GeTe2 (FGT). The two coercivities in the homostructure differ from that of each constituent FGT layer, indicating that the two constituents interact mutually but do not merge into a thicker uniform material. The Curie temperature (TC) of the homostructure is in between that of the thinner and thicker constituents, further implying that the two constituent layers interact yet without forming a naturally occurring thicker layer. Our results highlight the unexplored opportunities that the rich interplay within vdW magnet homostructures can be employed to create emerging magnetic properties and develop novel multistate devices.

关键词： Magnetic coupling Magnetic interactions 2-dimensional systems

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Synergizing Machine Learning with ACOPF: A Comprehensive Overview

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2024年

作者： Zhao, Meng Barati, Masoud Energy and Environment Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory PO Box 999 RichlandWA99352 United States Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering PittsburghPA15206 United States

Alternative current optimal power flow (ACOPF) problems have been studied for over fifty years, and yet the development of an optimal algorithm to solve them remains a hot and challenging topic for researchers because of their nonlinear and nonconvex nature. A number of methods based on linearization and convexification have been proposed to solve to ACOPF problems, which result in near-optimal or local solutions, not optimal solutions. Nowadays, with the prevalence of machine learning, some researchers have begun to utilize this technology to solve ACOPF problems using the historical data generated by the grid operators. The present paper reviews the research on solving ACOPF problems using machine learning and neural networks and proposes future studies. This body of research is at the beginning of this area, and further exploration can be undertaken into the possibilities of solving ACOPF problems using machine learning. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Machine learning

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Enhancing Long-and Short-Term Representations for Next POI Recommendations via Frequency and Hierarchical Contrastive Learning 39

Enhancing Long-and Short-Term Representations for Next POI R...

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39th Annual AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI 2025

作者： Chen, Jiajie Sang, Yu Zhang, Peng-Fei Wang, Jiaan Qu, Jianfeng Li, Zhixu School of Computer Science and Technology Soochow University Suzhou China School of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science Jiangnan University China School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Queensland Australia School of Information Renmin University of China Beijing China International College (Suzhou Research Institute) Renmin University of China Suzhou China Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education Jilin University China

ISBN: (纸本)157735897X

Next POI recommendation aids users in predicting their destinations of interest and plays an increasingly vital role in location-based social services. Recent works focus on analyzing both long-term and short-term interests in POI recommendation to gain a deeper understanding of user profiles. However, these methods for modeling long-term user's sequences primarily rely on the Transformer model, which functions as a low-pass filter, often leading to the loss of high-frequency information. Additionally, long-term and short-term sequences are typically modeled independently, with short-term sequences often defined solely by the most recent check-ins, overlooking their interactions and dependencies. Therefore, we propose Enhancing Long-and Short-Term Representations for Next POI Recommendations via Frequency and Hierarchical Contrastive Learning (FHCRec). FHCRec captures both high-frequency and low-frequency information in long-term sequences to model richer long-term user's preference representations. Moreover, it harnesses the characteristics of the short-term subsequences embedded within long-term sequences to enhance short-term preference characterization via local and global hierarchical contrastive learning, resulting in more personalized short-term preferences. The enhanced long-term and short-term preferences are integrated to improve model recommendation performance. Extensive experiments on three real-world datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our method. Copyright © 2025, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (***). All rights reserved.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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A 2-mW 0.3-to-1GHz Wide-Injection-Locking Multi-mode Transmitter with a 1-Mb/s Data Rate 4

A 2-mW 0.3-to-1GHz Wide-Injection-Locking Multi-mode Transmi...

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4th IEEE International Conference on Circuits and Systems, ICCS 2022

作者： Chen, Yong Zhou, Yushi Boon, Chirn Chye Mak, Pui-In Martins, Rui P. University of Macau State Key Laboratory of Amsv IME/FST-ECE China Lakehead University Electrical and Computer Engineering Canada Nanyang Technological University Singapore Singapore Instituto Superior Técnico Universidade de Lisboa Portugal

ISBN: (数字)9781665460361

ISBN: (纸本)9781665460361

This paper proposes a low-power multi-mode injection-locked transmitter (TX). A negative-transconductance active-inductor-based oscillator for the multi-mode modulations (e.g., ASK/FSK/BPSK) is designed to cover wide frequency bands, e.g., 400 MHz, 800 MHz, and 915 MHz. By making use of the injection locking technique, the phase noise of the active-inductor-based oscillator is lowered to the level that is close to the 'clean' incident signal. To reduce the power consumption while providing operating flexibility, the TX is digitally controlled to switch the ASK/FSK/BPSK modulations. The proposed TX is fabricated in a 65-nm CMOS technology with a nominal supply voltage of 1 V. The measurement results show the TX prototype achieves the maximum data rate of 1 Mb/s with an output power of -12dBm under a 2-mW power consumption. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Amplitude shift keying

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