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arXiv 2024年

作者： Ren, Dejin Liang, Zhen Wu, Chenyu Ding, Jianqiang Wu, Taoran Xue, Bai Key Laboratory of System Software Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Computer Science Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China College of Computer Science and Technology National University of Defense Technology Changsha China Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation Aalto University Espoo Finland

Inner-approximate reachability analysis involves calculating subsets of reachable sets, known as inner-approximations. This analysis is crucial in the fields of dynamic systems analysis and control theory as it provides a reliable estimation of the set of states that a system can reach from given initial states at a specific time instant. In this paper, we study the inner-approximate reachability analysis problem based on the set-boundary reachability method for systems modelled by ordinary differential equations, in which the computed inner-approximations are represented with zonotopes. The set-boundary reachability method computes an inner-approximation by excluding states reached from the initial set’s boundary. The effectiveness of this method is highly dependent on the efficient extraction of the exact boundary of the initial set. To address this, we propose methods leveraging boundary and tiling matrices that can efficiently extract and refine the exact boundary of the initial set represented by zonotopes. Additionally, we enhance the exclusion strategy by contracting the outer-approximations in a flexible way, which allows for the computation of less conservative inner-approximations. To evaluate the proposed method, we compare it with state-of-the-art methods against a series of benchmarks. The numerical results demonstrate that our method is not only efficient but also accurate in computing inner-approximations. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Ordinary differential equations

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Smooth Attention for Deep Multiple Instance Learning: Application to CT Intracranial Hemorrhage Detection

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Wu, Yunan Castro-Macías, Francisco M. Morales-Álvarez, Pablo Molina, Rafael Katsaggelos, Aggelos K. Image and Video Processing Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northwestern University United States Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence University of Granada Spain Department of Statistics and Operations Research University of Granada Spain University of Granada Spain

Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) has been widely applied to medical imaging diagnosis, where bag labels are known and instance labels inside bags are unknown. Traditional MIL assumes that instances in each bag are independent samples from a given distribution. However, instances are often spatially or sequentially ordered, and one would expect similar diagnostic importance for neighboring instances. To address this, in this study, we propose a smooth attention deep MIL (SA-DMIL) model. Smoothness is achieved by the introduction of first and second order constraints on the latent function encoding the attention paid to each instance in a bag. The method is applied to the detection of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) on head CT scans. The results show that this novel SA-DMIL: (a) achieves better performance than the non-smooth attention MIL at both scan (bag) and slice (instance) levels;(b) learns spatial dependencies between slices;and (c) outperforms current state-of-the-art MIL methods on the same ICH test set. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Diagnosis

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Super-duality and necessary optimality conditions of order "infinity" in optimal control theory

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Pogodaev, Nikolay Staritsyn, Maxim Department of Mathematics University of Padova Via Trieste 63 Padova35121 Italy Associated Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Porto s/n Rua Dr. Roberto Frias Porto4200-465 Portugal

We systematically introduce an approach to the analysis and (numerical) solution of a broad class of nonlinear unconstrained optimal control problems, involving ordinary and distributed systems. Our approach relies on exact representations of the increments of the objective functional, drawing inspiration from the classical Weierstrass formula in Calculus of Variations. While such representations are straightforward to devise for state-linear problems (in vector spaces), they can also be extended to nonlinear models (in metric spaces) by immersing them into suitable linear "super-structures". We demonstrate that these increment formulas lead to necessary optimality conditions of an arbitrary order. Moreover, they enable to formulate optimality conditions of "infinite order", incorporating a kind of feedback mechanism. As a central result, we rigorously apply this general technique to the optimal control of nonlocal continuity equations in the space of probability measures. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Vector spaces

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Testing satellite control systems with drones

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IEEE Potentials 2022年第1期41卷 6-13页

作者： Barari, Ali Dion, Ryan Jeffrey, Ian Ferguson, Philip Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Anitoba WinnipegMNR3T 5V6 Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Manitoba WinnipegMNR3T 5V6 Canada Space Technology and Advanced Research Laboratory University of Manitoba WinnipegMNR3T 5V6 Canada

In space, it is usually not possible to repair equipment when things go wrong. While astronauts ventured into space aboard the Space Shuttle to repair the infamously flawed Hubble Space Telescope, these types of repair missions are extremely expensive and rare. Limited repair options make spacecraft engineers turn their attention to reliability in an attempt to avoid failures altogether. Building a reliable system starts with a robust design, incorporates proven parts, and - most importantly - involves a lot of testing. © 1988-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Repair

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Using Deep Reinforcement Learning in Optimal Energy Management for Residential House Aggregators with Uncertain User Behaviors

Using Deep Reinforcement Learning in Optimal Energy Manageme...

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IEEE Student Conference on Electric Machines and Systems

作者： Yujun Lin Linfang Yan Hongxun Hui Yin Chen Xia Chen Jinyu Wen State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China State Grid (Suzhou) City & Energy Research Institute Suzhou China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City University of Macau Macau China Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University of Strathclyde Glasgow U.K.

ISBN: (数字)9798350366945

ISBN: (纸本)9798350366952

In this study, the home energy management problem, which can be regarded as a high-dimensional optimization problem, for numerous residential houses, is addressed. The concept of the aggregator is utilized to reduce the state and action space and to handle the high dimensionality. A two-stage deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-based approach is proposed for the aggregators to track the schedule from a superior grid and guarantee the operation constraints. In the first stage, a DRL control agent is set to learn the optimal scheduling strategy interacting with the environment based on the soft-actor-critic framework and generate the aggregate control actions. In the second stage, the aggregate control actions are disaggregated to individual appliances considering the users' behaviors. The uncertainty of an electric vehicle's charging demand is quantitatively expressed based on the driver's experience. An aggregate anxiety concept is introduced to characterize the driver's anxiety on the electric vehicle's range and uncertain events. Finally, simulations are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach under dynamic user behaviors, and comparisons show the superiority of the proposed approach over other benchmark methods.

关键词： Schedules Uncertainty Aggregates Anxiety disorders Optimal scheduling Deep reinforcement learning Electric vehicle charging Temperature control Vehicle dynamics Resistance heating

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On the Implementation and Security Analysis of Routable-GOOSE Messages Based on IEC 61850 Standard

On the Implementation and Security Analysis of Routable-GOOS...

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International Conference on Environment and electrical engineering (EEEIC)

作者： Ibtissam Kharchouf Abdulmeen Alrashide Mahmoud S. Abdelrahman Osama A. Mohammed Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Energy Systems Research Laboratory Florida International University Miami FL USA

ISBN: (数字)9781665485371

ISBN: (纸本)9781665485388

Advanced smart grid applications such as wide-area monitoring, protection, and control (WAMPAC), considerably depend on the synchrophasor measurements gathered from different locations of the power grid. These timestamped measurements are provided by Phasor measurement units (PMUs) and phasor data concentrators (PDCs). These devices are optimally deployed at selected nodes in the grid. PMUs and substation PDCs are routable protocol-based network devices and comply with the IEEE C37.118 standard. Since the PMUs generally communicate through a public wide area network, they are vulnerable to cyberattacks. As a result, these vulnerabilities lead to compromised data integrity, confidentiality, and availability of the smart grid. To cover the cybersecurity vulnerabilities in synchrophasor communication and achieve compatibility between the data transfer based on IEEE C37.118.2 with IEC 61850 standard, IEC 61850-90-5 was released. This part of the standard includes security measures to achieve authentication, integrity, and confidentiality if required. In this work, we implemented publisher and subscriber libraries capable of routing secure GOOSE messages while respecting the time delay specifications set by the IEC61850 standard. The performance of encryption and authentication algorithms was assessed and experimentally verified. In addition, the proposed framework's robustness against cyber-attacks was evaluated.

关键词： Wide area networks Authentication Phasor measurement units Robustness Libraries Smart grids Encryption

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Hybrid Digital-Analog Semantic Communications

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IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 2025年

作者： Xie, Huiqiang Qin, Zhijin Han, Zhu Letaief, Khaled B. Jinan University College of Information Science and Technology Guangzhou China Tsinghua University Department of Electronic Engineering Beijing100084 China State Key Laboratory of Space Network and Communications Beijing100084 China Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology Beijing100084 China University of Houston Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Houston United States The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Hong Kong Hong Kong

Digital and analog semantic communications (SemCom) face inherent limitations such as data security concerns in analog SemCom, as well as leveling-off and cliff-edge effects in digital SemCom. In order to overcome these challenges, we propose a novel SemCom framework and a corresponding system called HDA-DeepSC, which leverages a hybrid digitalanalog approach for multimedia transmission. This is achieved through the introduction of analog-digital allocation and fusion modules. To strike a balance between data rate and distortion, we design new loss functions that take into account long-distance dependencies in the semantic distortion constraint, essential information recovery in the channel distortion constraint, and optimal bit stream generation in the rate constraint. Additionally, we propose denoising diffusion-based signal detection techniques, which involve carefully designed variance schedules and sampling algorithms to refine transmitted signals. Through extensive numerical experiments, we will demonstrate that HDA-DeepSC exhibits robustness to channel variations and is capable of supporting various communication scenarios. Our proposed framework outperforms existing benchmarks in terms of peak signal-to-noise ratio and multi-scale structural similarity, showcasing its superiority in semantic communication quality. © 1983-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Digital communication systems

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Dielectric Bandpass Filter for Terahertz Communications

Dielectric Bandpass Filter for Terahertz Communications

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Asia-Pacific Conference on Microwave

作者： Linxi Chen Weijie Gao Jeffrey Hesler Christophe Fumeaux Withawat Withayachumnankul Terahertz Engineering Laboratory The University of Adelaide SA Australia Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka Japan Virginia Diodes Inc. Charlottesville VA USA School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science The University of Queensland Australia QLD

ISBN: (数字)9798350363548

ISBN: (纸本)9798350363555

Toward realization of terahertz communications, we propose a method for designing terahertz bandpass filters on all-dielectric substrateless waveguide platforms. The proposed filter is constituted by one-dimensional photonic crystal as a low-pass filter and a two-dimensional photonic crystals as a high - pass filter. Leveraging cascaded photonic-crystal (PhC) claddings, wider stopbands are achieved to accommodate the requirements of different communications channels. The incorporation of both 2D and 1D PhC enables bandpass responses and improve design flexibility. With a low insertion loss of around 1.4 dB and a compact footprint, this novel family of designs is suitable for parallel channelized terahertz communications systems, effectively supporting the increase in the data rate.

关键词： Band-pass filters Optical losses Claddings Low-pass filters Photonic crystals Microwave theory and techniques Passband Microwave filters Substrates Terahertz communications

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Experimental Demonstration of Hybrid LED-LD Based UOWC Link

Experimental Demonstration of Hybrid LED-LD Based UOWC Link

引用

International Conference on Microwave, Optical and Communication engineering (ICMOCE)

作者： Gopal Krishna Jimson Mathew T. Santhanakrishnan Sumanta Gupta Dept. of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Patna India Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Patna India Naval Physical and Oceanographic Laboratory DRDO

In this paper, we have designed and experimentally characterized a hybrid light emitting diode (LED) and laser diode (LD) based underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC) link, which can be suitable for providing high-speed optical connectivity between onshore and submerged systems. An LED-based system is efficient for short-range communication whereas an LD-based system is for long distances. In this paper, we have experimentally demonstrated the establishment of a hybrid LED-LD UOWC link at a data rate of 10 Mbps over a 2.5 m water channel using a return to zero on-off keying (RZ-OOK) modulation scheme using an FPGA-based transmitter and receiver. We have also used offline data processing to quantify the bit error rate (BER) performance as a function of received optical power for tap water and turbid water channels. For the tap water channel, we have achieved a BER as low as 3.5 ×10 −6 at - 35.1 dBm received optical power, whereas for turbid water the achieved BER is 1.8 × 10 −5 at −31. 6 dBm of received optical power in absence of air bubble. In turbid water (and tap water) channel in presence of air bubbles the minimum achievable BER is around 3 × 10 −4 (3 × 10 −4 ) for −31.5 dBm (-35.5 dBm) of received power.

关键词：

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Efficient Feature Mapping Using a Collaborative Team of AUVs

Efficient Feature Mapping Using a Collaborative Team of AUVs

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IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)

作者： Benjamin Biggs Daniel J. Stilwell Harun Yetkin James McMahon Virginia Tech Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA USA Bartin University Turkey Acoustics Division US Naval Research Laboratory US Naval Research Laboratory Washington D.C. USA

ISBN: (数字)9798350377705

ISBN: (纸本)9798350377712

We present the results of experiments performed using a team of small autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) to determine the location of an isobath. The primary contributions of this work are (1) the development of a novel objective function for level set estimation that utilizes a rigorous assessment of uncertainty, and (2) a description of the practical challenges and corresponding solutions needed to implement our approach in the field using a team of AUVs. We combine path planning techniques and an approach to decentralization from prior work that yields theoretical performance guarantees. Experimentation with a team of AUVs provides empirical evidence that the desirable performance guarantees can be preserved in practice even in the presence of limitations that commonly arise in underwater robotics, including slow and intermittent acoustic communications and limited computational resources.

关键词： Autonomous underwater vehicles Uncertainty Acoustic communication (telecommunication) Level set Estimation Collaboration Linear programming Path planning Intelligent robots

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