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arXiv 2020年

作者： Lan, Hua Wang, Zengfu Bai, Xianglong Pan, Quan Lu, Kun School of Automation Northwestern Polytechnical University Key Laboratory of Information Fusion Technology Ministry of Education Xi’anShaanxi710072 China Nanjing Reasearch Insitute of Electronics Technology Nanjing Jiangsu210039 China Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science Delft University of Technology Delft2826 CD Netherlands

Tracking an unknown number of targets based on multipath measurements provided by an over-the-horizon radar (OTHR) network with a statistical ionospheric model is complicated, which requires solving four subproblems: target detection, target tracking, multipath data association and ionospheric height identification. A joint solution is desired since the four subproblems are highly correlated, but suffering from the intractable inference problem of high-dimensional latent variables. In this paper, a unified message passing approach, combining belief propagation (BP) and mean-field (MF) approximation, is developed for simplifying the intractable inference. Based upon the factor graph corresponding to a factorization of the joint probability distribution function (PDF) of the latent variables and a choice for a separation of this factorization into BP region and MF region, the posterior PDFs of continuous latent variables including target kinematic state, target visibility state, and ionospheric height, are approximated by MF due to its simple MP update rules for conjugate-exponential models. With regard to discrete multipath data association which contains one-to-one frame (hard) constraints, its PDF is approximated by loopy BP. Finally, the approximated posterior PDFs are updated iteratively in a closed-loop manner, which is effective for dealing with the coupling issue among target detection, target tracking, multipath data association, and ionospheric height identification. Meanwhile, the proposed approach has the measurement-level fusion architecture due to the direct processing of the raw multipath measurements from an OTHR network, which is benefit to improving target tracking performance. Its performance is demonstrated on a simulated OTHR network multitarget tracking scenario. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Target tracking

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Corrigendum to "Placental MRI: Effect of maternal position and uterine contractions on placental BOLD MRI measurements" [Placenta 95 (2020) 69-77]

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Placenta 2020年 100卷 171-172页

作者： Esra Abaci Turk S Mazdak Abulnaga Jie Luo Jeffrey N Stout Henry A Feldman Ata Turk Borjan Gagoski Lawrence L Wald Elfar Adalsteinsson Drucilla J Roberts Carolina Bibbo Julian N Robinson Polina Golland P Ellen Grant William H Barth Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging & Developmental Science Center Boston Children's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA. Electronic address: esra.abaciturk@childrens.harvard.edu. Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL) Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA. Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging & Developmental Science Center Boston Children's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA School of Biomedical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China. Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging & Developmental Science Center Boston Children's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA. Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research Boston Children's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA. Electrical Computer Engineering Department Boston University Boston MA USA. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA Radiology Harvard Medical School Boston MA United States Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital Charlestown MA United States. Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA. Department of Pathology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA. Maternal Fetal Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA USA. Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL) Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA. Maternal-Fetal Medicine Obstetrics and Gynecology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA.

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Electronic band structure of a superconducting nickelate probed by the Seebeck coefficient in the disordered limit

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Grissonnanche, G. Pan, G.A. LaBollita, H. Ferenc Segedin, D. Song, Q. Paik, H. Brooks, C.M. Beauchesne-Blanchet, E. Santana González, J.L. Botana, A.S. Mundy, J.A. Ramshaw, B.J. Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics Cornell University IthacaNY United States Kavli Institute Cornell for Nanoscale Science IthacaNY United States Laboratoire des Solides Irradiés CEA DRF lRAMIS CNRS École Polytechnique Institut Polytechnique de Paris PalaiseauF-91128 France Department of Physics Harvard University CambridgeMA United States Department of Physics Arizona State University TempeAZ United States Platform for the Accelerated Realization Analysis and Discovery of Interface Materials Cornell University IthacaNY United States School of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Oklahoma NormanOK United States Canadian Institute for Advanced Research TorontoON Canada

Superconducting nickelates are a new family of strongly correlated electron materials with a phase diagram closely resembling that of superconducting cuprates. While analogy with the cuprates is natural, very little is known about the metallic state of the nickelates, making these comparisons difficult. We probe the electronic dispersion of thin-film superconducting 5-layer (n = 5) and metallic 3-layer (n = 3) nickelates by measuring the Seebeck coefficient, S. We find a temperature-independent and negative S/T for both n = 5 and n = 3 nickelates. These results are in stark contrast to the strongly temperature-dependent S/T measured at similar electron filling in the cuprate La1.36Nd0.4Sr0.24CuO4. The electronic structure calculated from density functional theory can reproduce the temperature dependence, sign, and amplitude of S/T in the nickelates using Boltzmann transport theory. This demonstrates that the electronic structure obtained from first-principles calculations provides a reliable description of the Fermiology of superconducting nickelates, and suggests that, despite indications of strong electronic correlations, there are well-defined quasiparticles in the metallic state. Finally, we explain the differences in the Seebeck coefficient between nickelates and cuprates as originating in strong dissimilarities in impurity concentrations. Our study demonstrates that the high elastic scattering limit of the Seebeck coefficient reflects only the underlying band structure of a metal, analogous to the high magnetic field limit of the Hall coefficient. This opens a new avenue for Seebeck measurements to probe the electronic band structures of relatively disordered quantum materials. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Elastic scattering

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Stochastic Zero-Sum Differential Games for Forward-Backward SDEs

Stochastic Zero-Sum Differential Games for Forward-Backward ...

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IEEE Annual Conference on Decision and Control

作者： Jun Moon Tamer Basar School of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Seoul Seoul South Korea Coordinated Science Laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL USA

ISBN: (数字)9781728113982

ISBN: (纸本)9781728113999

We consider stochastic zero-sum differential games (SZSDGs) described by fully-coupled forward-backward stochastic differential equations (FBSDEs). The fully-coupled FBSDE means that the drift and diffusion terms of forward SDEs depend on the solution of the backward SDE (BSDE). The objective functional is modeled by the BSDE part of the FBSDE. For the lower and upper value functions of the SZSDG, we establish the dynamic programming principle via the generalized stochastic backward semigroup associated with the BSDE. We then show that the (lower and upper) value functions are viscosity solutions to the associated Hamilton-Jacobi-Isaacs partial differential equations together with an algebraic equation. This additional algebraic equation emerges due to dependence of the diffusion term on the solution of the BSDE. The problem formulation and the results of this paper generalize those in the existing literature on SZSDGs to the controlled FBSDE framework.

关键词： Stochastic processes Games Viscosity Game theory Dynamic programming Differential equations Mathematical model

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Toward high-fidelity quantum information processing and quantum simulation with spin qubits and phonons

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Arrazola, I. Minoguchi, Y. Lemonde, M.-A. Sipahigil, A. Rabl, P. Instituto de Física Teórica UAM-CSIC Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Cantoblanco Madrid28049 Spain Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology Atominstitut TU Wien Vienna1040 Austria Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information IQOQI Vienna Austrian Academy of Sciences Boltzmanngasse 3 Vienna1090 Austria Nord Quantique SherbrookeQCJ1J 2E2 Canada Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California Berkeley BerkeleyCA94720 United States Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of Physics University of California Berkeley BerkeleyCA94720 United States Walther-Meißner-Institut Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften Garching85748 Germany Technische Universität München TUM School of Natural Sciences Physics Department Garching85748 Germany Schellingstr. 4 Munich80799 Germany

We analyze the implementation of high-fidelity, phonon-mediated gate operations and quantum simulation schemes for spin qubits associated with silicon vacancy centers in diamond. Specifically, we show how the application of continuous dynamical decoupling techniques can substantially boost the coherence of the qubit states while increasing at the same time the variety of effective spin models that can be implemented in this way. Based on realistic models and detailed numerical simulations, we demonstrate that this decoupling technique can suppress gate errors by more than two orders of magnitude and enable gate infidelities below ∼ 10−4 for experimentally relevant noise parameters. Therefore, when generalized to phononic lattices with arrays of implanted defect centers, this approach offers a realistic path toward moderate- and large-scale quantum devices with spins and phonons, at a level of control that is competitive with other leading quantum-technology platforms. © 2024, CC BY-SA.

关键词： Phonons

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Expressibility and trainability of parametrized analog quantum systems for machine learning applications

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Physical Review Research 2020年第4期2卷 043364-043364页

作者： Jirawat Tangpanitanon Supanut Thanasilp Ninnat Dangniam Marc-Antoine Lemonde Dimitris G. Angelakis Centre for Quantum Technologies National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 2 Singapore 117543 Department of Physics and Center for Field Theory and Particle Physics Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Technical University of Crete Chania 73100 Greece

Parametrized quantum evolution is the main ingredient in variational quantum algorithms for near-term quantum devices. In digital quantum computing, it has been shown that random parametrized quantum circuits are able to express complex distributions intractable by a classical computer, leading to the demonstration of quantum supremacy. However, their chaotic nature makes parameter optimization challenging in variational approaches. Evidence of similar classically intractable expressibility has been recently demonstrated in analog quantum computing with driven many-body systems. A thorough investigation of trainability of such analog systems is yet to be performed. In this work we investigate how the interplay between external driving and disorder in the system dictates the trainability and expressibility of interacting quantum systems. We show that if the system thermalizes, the training fails at the expense of the large expressibility, while the opposite happens when the system enters the many-body localized (MBL) phase. From this observation we devise a protocol using quenched MBL dynamics which allows accurate trainability while keeping the overall dynamics in the quantum supremacy regime. Our work shows the fundamental connection between quantum many-body physics and its application in machine learning. We conclude our work with an example application in generative modeling employing a well studied analog many-body model of a driven Ising spin chain. Our approach can be implemented with a variety of available quantum platforms including cold ions, atoms, and superconducting circuits.

关键词： Machine learning Quantum information architectures & platforms Quantum simulation

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Challenges in cybersecurity: Lessons from biological defense systems

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Schrom, Edward Kinzig, Ann Forrest, Stephanie Graham, Andrea L. Levin, Simon A. Bergstrom, Carl T. Castillo-Chavez, Carlos Collins, James P. De Boer, Rob J. Doupé, Adam Ensafi, Roya Feldman, Stuart Grenfell, Bryan T. Halderman, J. Alex Huijben, Silvie Maley, Carlo Moses, Melanie Perelson, Alan S. Perrings, Charles Plotkin, Joshua Rexford, Jennifer Tiwari, Mohit Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Princeton University 106A Guyot Hall PrincetonNJ08544 United States School of Life Sciences Arizona State University TempeAZ85287 United States Julie Ann Wrigley Global Institute of Sustainability Arizona State University TempeAZ85287 United States Biodesign Center for Biocomputation Security and Society Arizona State University TempeAZ85287 United States School of Computing Informatics and Decision Sciences Engineering Arizona State University TempeAZ85287 United States Santa Fe Institute Santa FeNM87501 United States Department of Biology University of Washington SeattleWA98195 United States Arizona State University TempeAZ85287 United States Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics Utrecht University Utrecht3584 CH Netherlands Center for Cybersecurity and Digital Forensics Global Security Initiative Arizona State University TempeAZ85287 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Computer Science and Engineering Division University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Schmidt Futures New YorkNY10011 United States Princeton School of Public and International Affairs Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Center for Computer Security and Society University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Center for Evolution and Medicine School of Life Sciences Arizona State University TempeAZ85287 United States Arizona Cancer Evolution Center Arizona State University TempeAZ85287 United States Department of Computer Science University of New Mexico AlbuquerqueNM87131 United States University of New Mexico Department of Computer Science AlbuquerqueNM87131 United States Department of Biology University of New Mexico AlbuquerqueNM87131 United States Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNM87545 United States Department of Biology University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA19104 Unite

We explore the commonalities between methods for assuring the security of computer systems (cybersecurity) and the mechanisms that have evolved through natural selection to protect vertebrates against pathogens, and how insights derived from studying the evolution of natural defenses can inform the design of more effective cybersecurity systems. More generally, security challenges are crucial for the maintenance of a wide range of complex adaptive systems, including financial systems, and again lessons learned from the study of the evolution of natural defenses can provide guidance for the protection of such *** Codes A.0. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cybersecurity

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Author Correction: Full reconstruction of simplicial complexes from binary contagion and Ising data

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Nature communications 2022年第1期13卷 3692页

作者： Huan Wang Chuang Ma Han-Shuang Chen Ying-Cheng Lai Hai-Feng Zhang The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education School of Mathematical Science Anhui University Hefei 230601 China. School of Internet Anhui University Hefei 230601 China. School of Physics and Material Science Anhui University Hefei 230601 China. School of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287 USA. The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education School of Mathematical Science Anhui University Hefei 230601 China. haifengzhang1978@***.

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See the world through network cameras

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Lu, Yung-Hsiang Thiruvathukal, George K. Kaseb, Ahmed S. Gauen, Kent Rijhwani, Damini Dailey, Ryan Malik, Deeptanshu Huang, Yutong Aghajanzadeh, Sarah Guo, Minghao School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University Department of Computer Science Loyola University Chicago Visiting Faculty Argonne National Laboratory Faculty of Engineering Cairo University Microsoft University of Illinois Urbana Champaign United States

Millions of network cameras have been deployed worldwide. Real-time data from many network cameras can offer instant views of multiple locations with applications in public safety, transportation management, urban planning, agriculture, forestry, social sciences, atmospheric information, and more. This paper describes the real-time data available from worldwide network cameras and potential applications. Second, this paper outlines the CAM2 System available to users at https://***/. This information includes strategies to discover network cameras and create the camera database, user interface, and computing platforms. Third, this paper describes many opportunities provided by data from network cameras and challenges to be addressed. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： computer vision

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Fast ORB-SLAM without Keypoint Descriptors

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Fu, Qiang Yu, Hongshan Wang, Xiaolong Yang, Zhengeng He, Yong Zhang, Hong Mian, Ajmal The National Engineering Laboratory for Robot Visual Perception and Control Technology College of Electrical and Information Engineering Hunan University China The Department of Computing Science University of Alberta Canada Quanzhou Institute of Industrial Design and Machine Intelligence Innovation Hunan University China The Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen China The School of Mathematics and Information Science Shaanxi Normal University China The Department of Computer Science The University of Western Australia WA6009 Australia

Indirect methods for visual SLAM are gaining popularity due to their robustness to environmental variations. ORB-SLAM2 [1] is a benchmark method in this domain, however, it consumes significant time for computing descriptors that never get reused unless a frame is selected as a keyframe. To overcome these problems, we present FastORB-SLAM which is light-weight and efficient as it tracks keypoints between adjacent frames without computing descriptors. To achieve this, a two stage descriptor-independent keypoint matching method is proposed based on sparse optical flow. In the first stage, we predict initial keypoint correspondences via a simple but effective motion model and then robustly establish the correspondences via pyramid-based sparse optical flow tracking. In the second stage, we leverage the constraints of the motion smoothness and epipolar geometry to refine the correspondences. In particular, our method computes descriptors only for keyframes. We test FastORB-SLAM on TUM and ICL-NUIM RGB-D datasets and compare its accuracy and efficiency to nine existing RGB-D SLAM methods. Qualitative and quantitative results show that our method achieves state-of-the-art accuracy and is about twice as fast as the ORB-SLAM2. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Optical flows

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