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2nd MICCAI International Workshop on Medical Content-Based Retrieval for Clinical Decision Support, MCBR-CDS 2011

作者： Donner, René Haas, Sebastian Burner, Andreas Holzer, Markus Bischof, Horst Langs, Georg Computational Image Analysis and Radiology Lab. Department of Radiology Medical University of Vienna Austria Institute for Computer Graphics and Vision Graz University of Technology Austria Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783642284595

The present work evaluates four medical image retrieval approaches based on features derived from image miniatures. We argue that due to the restricted domain of medical image data, the standardized acquisition protocols and the absence of a potentially cluttered background a holistic image description is sufficient to capture high-level image similarities. We compare four different miniature 2D and 3D descriptors and corresponding metrics, in terms of their retrieval performance: (A) plain miniatures together with euclidean distances in a k Nearest Neighbor based retrieval backed by kD-trees;(B) correlations of rigidly aligned miniatures, initialized using the kD-tree;(C) distribution fields together with the l1-norm;(D) SIFT-like histogram of gradients using the χ2-distance. We evaluate the approaches on two data sets: the ImageClef 2009 benchmark of 2D radiographs with the aim to categorize the images and a large set of 3D-CTs representing a realistic sample in a hospital PACS with the objective to estimate the location of the query volume. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.

关键词： Medical imaging

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On the performance of Decapod's digital font reconstruction

On the performance of Decapod's digital font reconstruction

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International Conference on Pattern Recognition

作者： Hasan S. M. Al-Khaffaf Faisal Shafait Michael P. Cutter Thomas M. Breuel IUPR Research Group Technische Universität Kaiserslautern Germany Multimedia Analysis and Data Mining Competence Center German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence Germany Computer Vision Laboratory Computer Engineering Department University of California Santa Cruz Germany

This paper presents the current status of Decapod's English font reconstruction. The Potrace algorithm and its parameters that affect glyph shape are examined. The visual fidelity of Decapod's font reconstruction is shown and compared to Adobe ClearScan TM . The font reconstruction details of the two methods are presented. The experiment demonstrates the capabilities of the two methods in reconstructing the font for a synthetic book typeset each time with one of six English fonts, three serif and three sans-serif. For both typefaces, Decapod is able to create a reusable TTF font that is embedded in the generated PDF document.

关键词： Image reconstruction Shape Portable document format Optical character recognition software Visualization Image segmentation Approximation algorithms

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Constraint-driven floorplan repair

Constraint-driven floorplan repair

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Design Automation Conference

作者： M.D. Moffitt A.N. Ng I.L. Markov M.E. Pollack Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA Advanced Computer Architecture Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA

Floorplanning algorithms have traditionally underperformed experienced designers, even when relatively simple interconnect metrics are concerned. However, the sheer scale of modern systems on chip makes an all-manual design flow infeasible. In this paper, we propose a new efficient automated approach to the floorplan repair problem, where a set of violated design constraints are satisfied by applying small changes to an existing rough floorplan. Such a floor-plan can be produced by a human designer, by a scalable placement algorithm, or result from engineering adjustments to a pre-existing floorplan. In all cases, overlapping modules must be separated, and in some instances, modules may need to be repositioned to satisfy other requirements. The algorithmic framework we propose is built upon an expressive graph-based encoding of constraints. While capable of representing floorplans with or without overlapping modules, it can also support the outline of the core area, fixed module locations, region constraints, proximity and alignment constraints, etc. Instead of applying randomized local search in the hope of satisfying these constraints, we track all implications of imposed constraints and resolve violations by invoking gradual modifications to the floor-plan. The primary focus of this paper is on a particularly efficient conflict-directed algorithm for floorplan repair and legalization. It is shown to completely eliminate overlaps from layouts produced by Capo 9.4, Feng Shui 5.1 and APlace 2.01 on IBM-HB benchmarks with hard blocks; typically requiring negligible runtime and increasing interconnect length by only several percent. Furthermore, we are able to generate legal solutions for these instances that surpass previously reported results in wirelength by an average of roughly 7%

关键词： Algorithm design and analysis Laboratories artificial intelligence computer architecture Modems Constraint optimization Design optimization Humans Shape Encoding

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On the uncertainty inequality as applied to discrete signals

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International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences 2006年第1期2006卷

作者： Venkatesh, Y.V. Raja, S. Kumar Vidyasagar, G. Computer Vision and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117576 Singapore

Given a continuous-time bandlimited signal, the Shannon sampling theorem provides an interpolation scheme for exactly reconstructing it from its discrete samples. We analyze the relationship between concentration (or compactness) in the temporal/spectral domains of the (i) continuous-time and (ii) discrete-time signals. The former is governed by the Heisenberg uncertainty inequality which prescribes a lower bound on the product of effective temporal and spectral spreads of the signal. On the other hand, the discrete-time counterpart seems to exhibit some strange properties, and this provides motivation for the present paper. We consider the following problem: for a bandlimited signal, can the uncertainty inequality be expressed in terms of the samples, using the standard definitions of the temporal and spectral spreads of the signal? In contrast with the results of the literature, we present a new approach to solve this problem. We also present a comparison of the results obtained using the proposed definitions with those available in the literature. Copyright © 2006 Hindawi Publishing Corporation. All rights reserved.

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Throat microphone signal for speaker recognition 8

Throat microphone signal for speaker recognition

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8th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing, ICSLP 2004

作者： Shahina, A. Yegnanarayana, B. Kesheorey, M.R. Speech and Vision Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Engg. Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai600 036 India Center for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Bangalore560 001 India

Speaker recognition systems perform better when clean speech signals are used for the task. In the presence of high levels of background noise, speech recorded from a close speaking microphone will be degraded and hence the performance of the speaker recognition system. Use of a transducer held at the throat results in a signal that is clean even in a noisy environment. This paper discusses the prospect of using such signals for speaker recognition. A study of a text-independent speaker recognition system based on features extracted from speech simultaneously recorded using a throat microphone and a close-speaking microphone in clean and simulated noisy conditions is conducted. Autoassociative neural networks are used to model the speaker characteristics based on the vocal tract system and excitation source features represented by weighted linear prediction cepstral coefficients and linear prediction residual, respectively. The results of experimental studies show that the speech collected from the throat microphone can be used for tasks like speaker recognition, especially in noisy conditions.

关键词： Microphones

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Kernel snakes: non-parametric active contour models

Kernel snakes: non-parametric active contour models

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IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics

作者： W. Abd-Almageed C.E. Smith S. Ramadan Robotics Artificial Intelligence and Vision Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM USA

In this paper, a new non-parametric generalized formulation to statistical pressure snakes is presented. We discuss the shortcomings of the traditional pressure snakes. We then introduce a new generic pressure model that alleviates these shortcomings, based on the Bayesian decision theory. Non-parametric techniques are used to obtain the statistical models that drive the snake. We discuss the advantages of using the proposed non-parametric model compared to other parametric techniques. Multi-colored-target tracking is used to demonstrate the performance of the proposed approach. Experimental results show enhanced, real-time performance.

关键词： Kernel Active contours Deformable models Image edge detection Intelligent robots Robot vision systems artificial intelligence Laboratories Bayesian methods Decision theory

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Hidden Markov models for silhouette classification

Hidden Markov models for silhouette classification

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作者： Abd-Almageed, Wael Smith, Christopher Robotics Artificial Intelligence and Vision Laboratory Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of New Mexico United States

ISBN: (纸本)1889335185

In this paper, a new technique for object classification from silhouettes is presented. Hidden Markov Models are used as a classification mechanism. Through a set of experiments, we show the validity of our approach and show its invariance under severe rotation conditions. Also, a comparison with other techniques that use Hidden Markov Models for object classification from silhouettes is presented.

关键词： Hidden Markov models

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Mixture models for dynamic statistical pressure snakes

Mixture models for dynamic statistical pressure snakes

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作者： Abd-Almageed, Wael Smith, Christopher E. Robotics Artificial Intelligence and Vision Laboratory Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM 87131

This paper introduces a new approach to statistical pressure snakes. It uses statistical modeling for both object and background to obtain a more robust pressure model. The Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm is used to model the data into a Mixture of Gaussions (MoG). Bayesian theory is then employed as a decision making mechanism. Experimental results using the traditional pressure model and the new mixture pressure model demonstrate the effectiveness of the new models. © 2002 IEEE.

关键词： Object recognition

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Mixture models for dynamic statistical pressure snakes

Mixture models for dynamic statistical pressure snakes

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16th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, ICPR 2002

作者： Abd-Almageed, Wael Smith, Christopher E. Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Robotics Artificial Intelligence and Vision Laboratory University of New Mexico AlbuquerqueNM87131 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0769516963

This paper introduces a new approach to statistical pressure snakes. It uses statistical modeling for both object and background to obtain a more robust pressure model. The Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm is used to model the data into a Mixture of Gaussians (MoG). Bayesian theory is then employed as a decision making mechanism. Experimental results using the traditional pressure model and the new mixture pressure model demonstrate the effectiveness of the new models. © 2002 IEEE.

关键词： Mixtures

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vision-based monitoring of intersections

Vision-based monitoring of intersections

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International Conference on Intelligent Transportation

作者： H. Vceraraghavan O. Masoud N. Papanikolopoulos Artificial Intelligence University of Minnesota Vision and Robotics Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Engineering Artificial Intelligence University of Minnesota USA

The goal of tills project Is to develop a passive vision-based sensing system. The system will be capable of monitoring an intersection by observing the vehicle and pedestrian flow, and predicting situations that might give rise to accidents. A single camera looking at all intersection from an arbitrary position is used. However, for extended applications, multiple cameras will be needed. Some of the key elements are camera calibration, motion tracking, vehicle classification, and situations giving rise to collisions. In this paper, we focus on motion tracking. Motion segmentation is performed using an adaptive background model that models each pixel as a mixture of Gaussians. The method used is similar to the method of Stauffer et at. for motion segmentation. Tracking of objects is performed by computing the overlap between oriented bounding boxes. The oriented boxes are computed by vector quantization of the blobs in the scene. The principal angles computed during vector quantization along with other cues of the object are used for classification of detected entities into vehicles and pedestrians.

关键词： Monitoring Cameras Tracking Motion segmentation computer vision Vector quantization Vehicle detection Accidents Calibration Gaussian processes

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