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A Hybrid Adaptive Filter for Head Tracking in Augmented Reality (AR)-based Flight Simulators

IEEE Transactions on computers 2025年

作者： Nwobodo, Onyeka J. Kuaban, Godlove Suila Nkemeni, Valery Wereszczynski, Kamil Cyran, Krzysztof A. Silesian University of Technology Department of Computer Graphics Vision and Digital Systems Faculty of Automatic Control Electronics and Computer Science Gliwice Poland Polish Academy of Sciences Institute of Theoretical and Applied Informatics Poland University of Buea Laboratory of Electrical Engineering and Computing Faculty of Engineering and Technology Buea Cameroon

This paper presents a novel approach for head tracking in augmented reality (AR) flight simulators using an adaptive fusion of Kalman and particle filters. This fusion dynamically balances the strengths of both algorithms, leveraging Kalman filters for computational efficiency and particle filters for handling non-linearities based on real-time factors such as sensor noise and head movement patterns. Our method demonstrates superior tracking precision and reduced latency, making it particularly effective for immersive pilot training in AR-based flight simulations. While focused on flight simulation, our approach holds high potential for broader applications in other AR and virtual reality (VR) environments where precise, real-time head tracking is crucial. These results provide actionable design guidance for developers optimizing tracking systems in environments that require fast response times and high accuracy. Future extensions of this research could explore the generalization of our approach across diverse AR applications, including human-computer interaction (HCI), medical simulations, and gaming. © 1968-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Flight simulators

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View-Aware Image Object Compositing and Synthesis from Multiple Sources

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Journal of computer Science & Technology 2016年第3期31卷 463-478页

作者： Xiang Chen Wei-Wei Xu Sai-Kit Yeung Kun Zhou State Key Laboratory of Computer Aided Design and Computer Graphics Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China Vision Graphics and Computational Design Group Singapore University of Technology and Design Singapore 487372 Singapore

Image compositing is widely used to combine visual elements from separate source images into a single image. Although recent image compositing techniques are capable of achieving smooth blending of the visual elements from different sources, most of them implicitly assume the source images are taken in the same viewpoint. In this paper, we present an approach to compositing novel image objects from multiple source images which have different viewpoints. Our key idea is to construct 3D proxies for meaningful components of the source image objects, and use these 3D component proxies to warp and seamlessly merge components together in the same viewpoint. To realize this idea, we introduce a coordinate- frame based single-view camera calibration algorithm to handle general types of image objects, a structure-aware cuboid optimization algorithm to get the cuboid proxies for image object components with correct structure relationship, and finally a 3D-proxy transformation guided image warping algorithm to stitch object components. We further describe a novel application based on this compositing approach to automatically synthesize a large number of image objects from a set of exemplars. Experimental results show that our compositing approach can be applied to a variety of image objects, such as chairs, cups, lamps, and robots, and the synthesis application can create novel image objects with significant shape and style variations from a small set of exemplars.

关键词： image cloning 3D proxy probabilistic modeling data-driven method

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FINDING STRUCTURE IN CO-OCCURRENCE MATRICES FOR TEXTURE ANALYSIS

COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND IMAGE PROCESSING

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computer graphics AND IMAGE PROCESSING 1980年第3期12卷 286-308页

作者： ZUCKER, SW TERZOPOULOS, D Computer Vision and Graphics Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada

Co-occurrence matrices are a popular representation for the texture in images. They contain a count of the number of times that a given feature (e.g., a given gray level) occurs in a particular spatial relation to another given feature. However, because of the large number of spatial relations that are possible within an image, heuristic or interactive techniques have usually been employed to select the relation to use for each problem. In this paper we present a statistical approach to finding those spatial (or other) relations that best capture the structure of textures when the co-occurrence matrix representation is used. These matrices should thus be well suited for discriminations that are structurally based.

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DETECTION OF OSTEOGENESIS IMPERFECTA BY AUTOMATED TEXTURE ANALYSIS

COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND IMAGE PROCESSING

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computer graphics AND IMAGE PROCESSING 1982年第3期20卷 229-243页

作者： TERZOPOULOS, D ZUCKER, SW Computer Vision and Graphics Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada

An automated system for detecting Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI), an inheritable disorder of human connective tissue, is described. The approach is one of texture analysis, founded on standard statistical recognition of co-occurrence-based texture descriptors. Our contribution is to show that texture descriptors derived from gray-level co-occurrence matrices can be used in conjunction with descriptors derived from generalized co-occurrence matrices of local image features to increase performance. In fact, for the OI problem, our system demonstrates a level of performance which is significantly better than that of medical specialists.

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The effect of stochastic acceleration and delay probability on the velocity and the gap between vehicles in traffic flow

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Chinese Physics B 2009年第8期18卷 3347-3354页

作者：盛鹏赵树龙王俊峰唐鹏高琳 School of Computer Science Sichuan University Key Laboratory of Fundamental Synthetic Vision Graphics and Image Science for National Defense Sichuan University

This paper proposes a new combined cellular automaton （CA） model considering the driver behavior of stochastic acceleration and delay with the velocity of the preceding vehicle and the gap between the successive vehicles based on the WWH model and the noise-first NaSch model. It introduces the delay probability varying with the gap, adds the anticipation headway and increases the acceleration with a certain probability. Through these simulations, not only can the metastable state and start-stop wave be obtained but also the synchronized flow which the wide moving jam results in. Moreover, the effect of stochastic acceleration and delay on traffic flow is discussed by analyzing the correlation of traffic data. This indicates that synchronized flow easily emerges in the critical area between free flow and synchronized flow when acceleration and delay are synchronized or their probability is close to 0.5.

关键词： traffic flow noise-first NaSch model synchronized flow long-range correlation

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CELL TRACKING - A MODELING AND MINIMIZATION APPROACH

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE 1982年第3期4卷 277-291页

作者： FERRIE, FP LEVINE, MD ZUCKER, SW Computer Vision and Graphics Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering McGill University Montreal P.Q. Canada SENIOR MEMBER IEEE Computer Vision and Graphics Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering McGill University Montreal P.Q. Canada MEMBER IEEE Computer Vision and Graphics Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering McGill University Montreal P.Q. Canada

This paper presents a model of motion suitable for cell tracking. It includes a representation for cell dynamics enabling it to maintain a correspondence between successive images of cells undergoing morphological changes. This model is based on a minimization problem whose computational solution is similar in form to a Newton-Rhapson iteration. The model is supported by experimental results from an actual tracking problem.

关键词： Tracking Morphology Image analysis Motion analysis Image motion analysis In vitro Biomedical imaging Councils Decision support systems Author Keywords proliferating cell cultures Cell dynamics cell morphology cell tracking dynamic scene analysis lymphocytes

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CONTINUOUS RELAXATION AND LOCAL MAXIMA SELECTION - CONDITIONS FOR EQUIVALENCE

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE 1981年第2期3卷 117-127页

作者： ZUCKER, SW LECLERC, YG MOHAMMED, JL MEMBER IEEE Department of Electrical Engineering Computer Vision and Graphics Laboratory McGill University Montreal P.Q. Canada

Relaxation labeling processes are a class of iterative algorithms for using contextual information to reduce local ambiguities. This paper introduces a new perspective toward relaxation-that of considering it as a process for reordering labels attached to nodes in a graph. This new perspective is used to establish the formal equivalence between relaxation and another widely used algorithm, local maxima selection. The equivalence specifies conditions under which a family of cooperative relaxation algorithms, which generalize the well-known ones, decompose into purely local ones. Since these conditions are also sufficient for guaranteeing the convergence of relaxation processes, they serve as stopping criteria. We feel that equivalences such as these are necessary for the proper application of relaxation and maxima selection in complex speech and vision understanding systems.

关键词： computer vision Algorithm design and analysis Labeling Iterative algorithms Convergence Speech Machine vision Wide area networks Histograms computer graphics Author Keywords theory of algorithms computer vision histogram peak selection local computations relaxation

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Modelling and handling seams in wide-area sensor networks

Modelling and handling seams in wide-area sensor networks

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10th IEEE International Symposium on Wearable computers, ISWC 2006

作者： Newman, Joseph Schall, Gerhard Schmalstieg, Dieter Institute for Computer Graphics and Vision Graz University of Technology Computer Laboratory University of Cambridge

ISBN: (纸本)1424405971

The fields of Wearable Computing, Augmented Reality and Ubiquitous Computing are in principle highly convergent, as they all promise a utopian future in which the devices embedded in the environment, our bodies and our clothes will have reached a level integration such that we can intuitively perceive and interact with our environment. However, the reality as practised in research labs and limited commercial deployments has been that budgetary and technical constraints have actually kept these fields separate and distinct. One manifestation of this separation is in the choice of sensors used to build systems in each domain. A truly cross-disciplinary project has to incorporate sensors of much greater heterogeneity than has occurred heretofore. The way in which sensors are deployed results in spatial seams that can act as obstacles to the provision of services across different areas. This paper takes an architectural approach to handling events from different tracking systems and maintaining a consistent spatial model of people and objects. The principal distinguishing feature is the automatic derivation of dataflow network of distributed sensors, dynamically and at run-time, based on requirements expressed by clients. © 2006 IEEE.

关键词： Sensor networks

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COMPATIBILITIES AND THE FIXED-POINTS OF ARITHMETIC RELAXATION PROCESSES

COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND IMAGE PROCESSING

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computer graphics AND IMAGE PROCESSING 1980年第3期13卷 242-256页

作者： HARALICK, RM MOHAMMED, JL ZUCKER, SW Computer Vision and Graphics Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering McGill University Montreal H3A 2A7 Canada

There are two different sources of information in relaxation labeling processes: the initial certainty factors of the labels and the compatibility coefficients. In this paper we examine two ways in which the compatibility coefficients influence the fixed point achieved: (1) we demonstrate how the coefficients can bias the process toward the instantiation of a subset of the labels, and (2) we show how the coefficients precisely define the set of possible fixed points. We also indicate how eigenanalysis of the derivative of a relaxation labeling process at a fixed point can be used to study the stability of the fixed point. Finally, we present an empirical comparison of two statistical interpretations of the compatibility coefficients.

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Frame-to-frame Coherence and the Hidden Surface Computation: Constraints for a Convex World

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ACM Transactions on graphics (TOG) 1982年第2期1卷 129-162页

作者： Hubschman, H. Zucker, S.W. Computer Vision and Graphics Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada

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