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International Symposium on Wearable computers

作者： Joseph Newman Gerhard Schall Dieter Schmalstieg Computer Laboratory University of Cambridge UK Institute for Computer Graphics and Vision Graz University of Technology Austria

ISBN: (纸本)1424405971

The fields of wearable computing, augmented reality and ubiquitous computing are in principle highly convergent, as they all promise a Utopian future in which the devices embedded in the environment, our bodies and our clothes will have reached a level integration such that we can intuitively perceive and interact with our environment. However, the reality as practised in research labs and limited commercial deployments has been that budgetary and technical constraints have actually kept these fields separate and distinct. One manifestation of this separation is in the choice of sensors used to build systems in each domain. A truly cross-disciplinary project has to incorporate sensors of much greater heterogeneity than has occurred heretofore. The way in which sensors are deployed results in spatial seams that can act as obstacles to the provision of services across different areas. This paper takes an architectural approach to handling events from different tracking systems and maintaining a consistent spatial model of people and objects. The principal distinguishing feature is the automatic derivation of dataflow network of distributed sensors, dynamically and at run-time, based on requirements expressed by clients.

关键词： Pervasive computing Virtual reality Wearable sensors Augmented reality Bandwidth Wearable computers Ubiquitous computing Sensor systems Runtime Sensor phenomena and characterization

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A Visual Surveillance System to Observe Realistic Road User Behavior for Improved Pedestrian and Cyclist Safety at Crossroads

A Visual Surveillance System to Observe Realistic Road User ...

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IEEE Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance (AVSS)

作者： Nadezda Kirillova Horst Possegger Horst Bischof Institute of Computer Graphics and Vision Graz University of Technology Austria Christian Doppler Laboratory for Semantic 3D Computer Vision

ISBN: (数字)9781665463829

ISBN: (纸本)9781665463836

Pedestrians and cyclists suffer the most serious injuries in traffic accidents. Existing Pedestrian Protection Systems and Road Safety Systems rely on an ideal model of pedestrian behavior and do not consider that people tend to take shortcuts, appear at unexpected places or can be distracted on the road, for example, by using a smartphone or wearing headphones. Collecting and analyzing realistic road user behavior is a crucial component to improve pedestrian and cyclist safety. However, such real-world data is still missing. To address this, we propose a visual surveillance system with two perpendicular partially overlapping fields of view, combined with a fully automated deep learning-based pipeline to process and collect video observations, detect and extract road user trajectories in real-world coordinates and estimate human attributes, such as age, gender, smartphone usage, etc. We demonstrate our prototype by deploying it in two locations in a European city.

关键词： Visualization Smart cities Surveillance Prototypes Streaming media Road safety Behavioral sciences

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RANSAC-based Training Data Selection for speaker state recognition

RANSAC-based Training Data Selection for speaker state recog...

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12th Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association, INTERSPEECH 2011

作者： Bozkurt, Elif Erzin, Engin Erdem, Çiǧdem Eroǧlu Erdem, A.Tanju Multimedia Vision and Graphics Laboratory Koç University Istanbul Turkey Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Bahçeşehir University Istanbul Turkey Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Özyeǧin University Istanbul Turkey

We present a Random Sampling Consensus (RANSAC) based training approach for the problem of speaker state recognition from spontaneous speech. Our system is trained and tested with the INTERSPEECH 2011 Speaker State Challenge corpora that includes the Intoxication and the Sleepiness Sub-challenges, where each sub-challenge defines a two-class classification task. We aim to perform a RANSAC-based training data selection coupled with the Support Vector Machine (SVM) based classification to prune possible outliers, which exist in the training data. Our experimental evaluations indicate that utilization of RANSAC-based training data selection provides 66.32 % and 65.38 % unweighted average (UA) recall rate on the development and test sets for the Sleepiness Sub-challenge, respectively and a slight improvement on the Intoxication Sub-challenge performance. Copyright © 2011 ISCA.

关键词： Support vector machines

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Communication via eye blinks and eyebrow raises: Video-based human-computer interfaces

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Universal Access in the Information Society 2003年第4期2卷 359-373页

作者： Grauman, K. Betke, M. Lombardi, J. Gips, J. Bradski, G.R. Vision Interface Group AI Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue CambridgeMA02139 United States Computer Science Department Boston University 111 Cummington St BostonMA02215 United States EagleEyes Computer Science Department Boston College Fulton Hall Chestnut HillMA02467 United States Vision Graphics and Pattern Recognition Microcomputer Research Laboratory Intel Corporation SC12-303 2200 Mission College Blvd Santa ClaraCA95054-1537 United States

Two video-based human-computer interaction tools are introduced that can activate a binary switch and issue a selection command. "BlinkLink," as the first tool is called, automatically detects a user's eye blinks and accurately measures their durations. The system is intended to provide an alternate input modality to allow people with severe disabilities to access a computer. Voluntary long blinks trigger mouse clicks, while involuntary short blinks are ignored. The system enables communication using "blink patterns:" sequences of long and short blinks which are interpreted as semiotic messages. The second tool, "EyebrowClicker," automatically detects when a user raises his or her eyebrows and then triggers a mouse click. Both systems can initialize themselves, track the eyes at frame rate, and recover in the event of errors. No special lighting is required. The systems have been tested with interactive games and a spelling program. Results demonstrate overall detection accuracy of 95.6% for BlinkLink and 89.0% for EyebrowClicker. © Springer-Verlag 2003.

关键词： computer vision

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Robust 3D Tracking with Descriptor Fields

Robust 3D Tracking with Descriptor Fields

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IEEE Conference on computer vision and Pattern Recognition

作者： Alberto Crivellaro Vincent Lepetit Computer Vision Laboratory Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Institute for Computer Graphics Vision Graz University of Technology

We introduce a method that can register challenging images from specular and poorly textured 3D environments, on which previous approaches fail. We assume that a small set of reference images of the environment and a partial 3D model are available. Like previous approaches, we register the input images by aligning them with one of the reference images using the 3D information. However, these approaches typically rely on the pixel intensities for the alignment, which is prone to fail in presence of specularities or in absence of texture. Our main contribution is an efficient novel local descriptor that we use to describe each image location. We show that we can rely on this descriptor in place of the intensities to significantly improve the alignment robustness at a minor increase of the computational cost, and we analyze the reasons behind the success of our descriptor.

关键词： Three-dimensional displays Robustness Cameras Solid modeling Optimization Registers Lighting

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Evaluation of fast 2D and 3D medical image retrieval approaches based on image miniatures

Evaluation of fast 2D and 3D medical image retrieval approac...

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2nd MICCAI International Workshop on Medical Content-Based Retrieval for Clinical Decision Support, MCBR-CDS 2011

作者： Donner, René Haas, Sebastian Burner, Andreas Holzer, Markus Bischof, Horst Langs, Georg Computational Image Analysis and Radiology Lab. Department of Radiology Medical University of Vienna Austria Institute for Computer Graphics and Vision Graz University of Technology Austria Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783642284595

The present work evaluates four medical image retrieval approaches based on features derived from image miniatures. We argue that due to the restricted domain of medical image data, the standardized acquisition protocols and the absence of a potentially cluttered background a holistic image description is sufficient to capture high-level image similarities. We compare four different miniature 2D and 3D descriptors and corresponding metrics, in terms of their retrieval performance: (A) plain miniatures together with euclidean distances in a k Nearest Neighbor based retrieval backed by kD-trees;(B) correlations of rigidly aligned miniatures, initialized using the kD-tree;(C) distribution fields together with the l1-norm;(D) SIFT-like histogram of gradients using the χ2-distance. We evaluate the approaches on two data sets: the ImageClef 2009 benchmark of 2D radiographs with the aim to categorize the images and a large set of 3D-CTs representing a realistic sample in a hospital PACS with the objective to estimate the location of the query volume. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.

关键词： Medical imaging

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Virtual object manipulation in collaborative augmented reality environment

Virtual object manipulation in collaborative augmented reali...

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IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT)

作者： B. Nini M.C. Batouche Faculty of Engineering LIRE laboratory Vision and Computer Graphics Group Mentouri University Constantine Algeria

Sometimes, it is difficult to buy objects in the senses of its not evident adaptation to the anticipated place. To facilitate this operation, it would be possible to study virtually the disposition without being obliged to proceed to a real displacement. The augmented reality is one area to allow such operation since the essence of its principle is that. It would be possible to visualize objects to sell in a scene corresponding to the site of the client The salesman and the client would be able to 'discuss' of possible dispositions. In this article, we present one foundation of this realization. In the occurrence, how the manipulation of virtual objects is possible for the operation of disposition. Then we present a simple method of shared manipulation in a network.

关键词： Collaboration Augmented reality Layout Chaos computer graphics Visualization Video sequences Visual communication Context Collaborative work

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LaFTer: label-free tuning of zero-shot classifier using language and unlabeled image collections 23

LaFTer: label-free tuning of zero-shot classifier using lang...

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Proceedings of the 37th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems

作者： M. Jehanzeb Mirza Leonid Karlinsky Wei Lin Mateusz Kozinski Horst Possegger Rogerio Feris Horst Bischof Institute of Computer Graphics and Vision TU Graz Austria and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Embedded Machine Learning MIT-IBM Watson AI Lab Institute of Computer Graphics and Vision TU Graz Austria

Recently, large-scale pre-trained vision and Language (VL) models have set a new state-of-the-art (SOTA) in zero-shot visual classification enabling open-vocabulary recognition of potentially unlimited set of categories defined as simple language prompts. However, despite these great advances, the performance of these zero-shot classifiers still falls short of the results of dedicated (closed category set) classifiers trained with supervised fine-tuning. In this paper we show, for the first time, how to reduce this gap without any labels and without any paired VL data, using an unlabeled image collection and a set of texts auto-generated using a Large Language Model (LLM) describing the categories of interest and effectively substituting labeled visual instances of those categories. Using our label-free approach, we are able to attain significant performance improvements over the zero-shot performance of the base VL model and other contemporary methods and baselines on a wide variety of datasets, demonstrating absolute improvement of up to 11.7% (3.8% on average) in the label-free setting. Moreover, despite our approach being label-free, we observe 1.3% average gains over leading few-shot prompting baselines that do use 5-shot supervision.

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Classification of carbide distributions using scale selection and directional distributions

Classification of carbide distributions using scale selectio...

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IEEE International Conference on Image Processing

作者： K. Wiltschi T. Lindeberg A. Pinz Institute for Computer Graphics and Vision Technical University of Graz Austria Computational Vision and Active Perception Laboratory KTH Stockholm Sweden

We present an automatic method for the classification of steel quality based on scale-space operations. The carbide distribution of microscopic specimen images is assessed by classifying according to so-called 'degree' and 'type' of the specimen. 'Degree' is represented by features extracted with automatic scale selection, and 'type' information is computed from second-moment descriptors. In combination with a morphological verification scheme, this pattern classifier shares large similarities with current manual techniques. Compared to previous work, the new classification scheme has several advantages: the significant scale of the carbide agglomeration is calculated explicitly, and the method is less sensitive to the variance of spatial connectivity than a morphological approach.

关键词： Steel computer vision Microscopy Shape Kernel Detectors computer graphics Laboratories Feature extraction Data mining

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Optimal surface normal from affine transformation 10

Optimal surface normal from affine transformation

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10th International Conference on computer vision Theory and Applications, VISAPP 2015

作者： Daniel, Barath Molnar, Jozsef Hajder, Levente Geometric Modelling and Computer Vision Laboratory MTA SZTAKI Kende utca 13-17 BudapestH-1111 Hungary Department of Image Processing and Computer Graphics Institute of Informatics University of Szeged Árpád tér 2 SzegedH-6720 Hungary

ISBN: (纸本)9789897580918

This paper deals with surface normal estimation from calibrated stereo images. We show here how the affine transformation between two projections defines the surface normal of a 3D planar patch. We give a formula that describes the relationship of surface normals, camera projections, and affine transformations. This formula is general since it works for every kind of cameras. We propose novel methods for estimating the normal of a surface patch if the affine transformation is known between two perspective images. We show here that the normal vector can be optimally estimated if the projective depth of the patch is known. Other non-optimal methods are also introduced for the problem. The proposed methods are tested both on synthesized data and images of real-world 3D objects.

关键词： Cameras

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