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检索条件"机构=Computer Vision and Image Processing Laboratory Electrical and Computer Engineering"

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A statistical approach for shadow detection using spatio-temporal contexts

A statistical approach for shadow detection using spatio-tem...

引用

IEEE International Conference on image processing

作者： Yiyang Liu Don Adjeroh Video and Image Processing Laboratory Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering West Virginia University Morgantown WV USA Video and Image Processing Laboratory Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering West Virginia University Morgantown WV USA

Background subtraction is an important step used to segment moving regions in surveillance videos. However, cast shadows are often falsely labeled as foreground objects, which may severely degrade the accuracy of object localization and detection. Effective shadow detection is necessary for accurate foreground segmentation, especially for outdoor scenes. Based on the characteristics of shadows, such as luminance reduction, chromaticity invariance and texture invariance, we introduce a nonparametric framework for modeling surface behavior under cast shadows. To each pixel, we assign a potential shadow value with a confidence weight, indicating the probability that the pixel location is an actual shadow point. Given an observed RGB value for a pixel in a new frame, we use its recent spatio-temporal context to compute an expected shadow RGB value. The similarity between the observed and the expected shadow RGB values determines whether a pixel position is a true shadow. Experimental results show the performance of the proposed method on a suite of standard indoor and outdoor video sequences.

关键词： Pixel Light sources Color Lighting Video sequences Context Histograms

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Standoff video analysis for the detection of security anomalies in vehicles

Standoff video analysis for the detection of security anomal...

引用

Applied imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop (AIPR)

作者： Satyam Srivastava Edward J. Delp Video and Image Processing Laboratory (VIPER) School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA

Video surveillance systems are commonly used by security personnel to monitor and record activity in buildings, public gatherings, busy roads, and parking lots. These systems allow many cameras to be observed by a small number of trained human operators but suffer from potential operator fatigue and lack of attention due to the large amount of information provided by cameras which can distract the operator from focusing on important events. In this paper, we propose the design of an autonomous video surveillance system which can operate from a standoff range that analyzes approaching vehicles in order to detect security anomalies. Such anomalies, based on dynamic analysis of the vehicle tracks, include unexpected slowing/stopping or sudden acceleration, particularly near check points or critical structures (e.g. government buildings). A human supervisor can be alerted whenever a significant event is detected and can then determine if the vehicle should be further inspected. Besides dynamic analysis, the system also estimates physical information about the vehicles such as make, body type and tire size. We describe low-complexity techniques to obtain the above information from two cameras.

关键词： Vehicles Tires Cameras Pixel Monitoring Wheels Trajectory

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Frame Interpolation Method Based on Adaptive Threshold and Adjacent Pixels

Frame Interpolation Method Based on Adaptive Threshold and A...

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International Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal processing (IIHMSP)

作者： Hyeongchul Oh Joohyun Lee Changki Min Jechang Jeong Image Communication and Signal Processing Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Hanyang University Seoul South Korea

This paper presents a frame interpolation algorithm using the motion information of some object within the estimated blocks. The proposed algorithm uses two initial frames that are generated based on the backward and forward frames using the motion vectors. In this process, the occlusion regions are occurred in two initial frames since the optimal block is only selected by threshold. Furthermore, the regions are irregularly appeared because of that the selected block is interpolated on half position between the estimated motion vectors. Two initial frames are merged to interpolate the occlusion regions. Also, the occlusion areas, which are still existence in the merged frame, are interpolated by using the neighboring pixel information and the available data in the occlusion block. In this paper, the experimental results show that the performance of the proposed algorithm has better PSNR and the visual quality than the conventional algorithms.

关键词： Pixel PSNR Interpolation Visualization Motion compensation Algorithm design and analysis Motion estimation

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A four-description MDC for high loss-rate channels

A four-description MDC for high loss-rate channels

引用

Picture Coding Symposium, PCS

作者： Meilin Yang Mary Comer Edward J. Delp Video and Image Processing Laboratory (VIPER) School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA

One of the most difficult problems in video transmission is communication over error-prone channels, especially when retransmission is unacceptable. To address this problem, Multiple Description Coding (MDC) has been proposed as an effective solution due to its robust error resilience. Considering applications in scalable, multicast and P2P environments, it is advantageous to use more than two descriptions (which is designated multi-description MDC in this paper). In this paper, we present a new four-description MDC for high lossrate channel using a hybrid structure of temporal and spatial correlations. A Gilbert model is used as the channel model for burst packet loss simulation. Experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method.

关键词： Correlation image coding Video coding Propagation losses Decoding Encoding Streaming media

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Automatic Segmentation of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in Computed Tomography images Using Spatial Fuzzy C-Means

Automatic Segmentation of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in Compu...

引用

International IEEE Conference on Signal-image Technologies and Internet-Based System

作者： Emadaldin Mozafari Majd U.U. Sheikh S.A.R. Abu-Bakar Computer Vision Video and Image Processing Research Group (Cvvip) Faculty of Electrical Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru Malaysia

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a cardiovascular disease which mostly appears in elderly people. Due to the weakening of aortic wall, a rupture occurs in the most inner layer of aorta and a thrombus is generated. If the diameter exceeds greater than 5.5 cm, a treatment strategy is required. As a result, CT imaging is utilized to screen and evaluate thrombus parameters for treatment. Exploitation of automatic techniques improves the pre- and post-treatment evaluation. In this paper, at first an algorithm based on spatial fuzzy c-means is applied to the CT image. Then lumen and thrombus are segmented automatically by tuning of morphological operators and thresholding parameters.

关键词： image segmentation Computed tomography Pixel Aneurysm Clustering algorithms Correlation Biomedical imaging

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Motion Compensated Frame Interpolation Using Adaptive Adjacency Pixel Information

Motion Compensated Frame Interpolation Using Adaptive Adjace...

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International Conference on computer Graphics, Imaging and Visualization, CGIV

We propose an adaptive motion compensated frame interpolation scheme which is capable of developing a frame rate from a lower number into a higher number and a decoded video quality at the decoder. The proposed algorithm utilizes the preliminary frames of the forward and backward directions using bilateral prediction. In the processing of the preliminary frames, an additional interpolation is performed to fill the occlusion areas. If the calculated values between the reference and current frames are larger than the predetermined threshold, the block is chosen as the occlusion area. In addition, we performed a re-search in order to acquire the best blocks, taking into account the number of available adjacent blocks for the occlusion areas. The experimental results show that the performance of the proposed algorithm has better PSNR and visual quality than those of the conventional methods.

关键词： Interpolation Pixel Robustness PSNR Motion estimation Algorithm design and analysis Motion compensation

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An improved low-complexity multiple description coding for peer-to-peer video streaming

An improved low-complexity multiple description coding for p...

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IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME)

作者： Majid R. Ardestani Ali Asghar Beheshti Shirazi Mahmoud Reza Hashemi Image Processing Laboratory School of Electrical Engineering Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran Iran Multimedia Processing Laboratory School of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Tehran Tehran Iran

Multiple description scalable coding based on T+2D wavelet decomposition structure is highly flexible for peer-to-peer (P2P) video streaming. Finding the optimal truncation point of each code block (CB) within each description is an NP-hard problem. To implement an efficient low-complexity solution, we propose a simple clustering algorithm for partitioning the CBs into a limited number of clusters, such that one can find the optimal cluster-level redundancy-rate assignment matrix using a low-complexity full search. This approach improves the decoding quality compared to the co-echelon frameworks in which a non-optimal rate assignment matrix is used. In addition, the proposed clustering approach may be analytically represented by closed-form relations for low-complexity computation of optimal encoding parameters. The simulation results demonstrate that the adaptive proposed framework outperforms the approaches in by (0.25~1 dB), the scheme of by (1.3~1.6 dB), and the non-adaptive multiple description coding by (2.3~4.3 dB). Furthermore, the proposed clustering approach requires %52-%88 less computations compared to the framework in.

关键词： Encoding Clustering algorithms Streaming media Resource management Peer to peer computing Video coding Algorithm design and analysis

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Rate-distortion modeling for scalable video coding

Rate-distortion modeling for scalable video coding

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International Conference on Telecommunications (ICT)

Scalable video coding allows for post-encoding adaptation of the coded bit stream. An appropriate rate-distortion model of the embedded bit stream can be useful for deriving closed-form relations between the parameters of the scalable encoder and the time-varying channel condition values. With a well-defined model, an adaptation mechanism can quickly update the optimal values of the encoder parameters within each transmission period, and hence, a real-time implementation may be realized. In this paper, two simple and accurate empirical (hyperbolic and exponential) models are developed for modeling the rate-distortion characteristics of a scalable video encoder based on motion-compensated temporal filtering (MCTF) and two-dimensional (spatial) discrete wavelet transform (2D-DWT). The experimental results demonstrate that the hyperbolic model has an acceptable approximation error (0.2~0.85dB) relative to the actual measurements, however, the exponential model demonstrates more error (0.75~3dB) relative to the actual measurements.

关键词： Rate-distortion Video coding Streaming media Filtering Approximation error Discrete wavelet transforms Peer to peer computing Bandwidth Static VAr compensators image processing

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Improved learning in grid-to-grid neural network via clustering

Improved learning in grid-to-grid neural network via cluster...

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International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)

作者： W. White K. Iftekharuddin A. Bouzerdoum Intelligent Systems and Image Processing Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Memphis TN USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Memphis TN USA School of Electrical Computer and Telecommunications Engineering University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW Australia

The maze traversal problem involves finding the shortest distance to the goal from any position in a maze. Such maze solving problems have been an interesting challenge in computational intelligence. Previous work has shown that grid-to-grid neural networks such as the cellular simultaneous recurrent neural network (CSRN) can effectively solve simple maze traversing problems better than other iterative algorithms such as the feedforward multi layer perceptron (MLP). In this work, we investigate improved learning for the CSRN maze solving problem by exploiting relevant information about the maze. We cluster parts of the maze using relevant state information and show an improvement in learning performance. We also study the effect of the number of clusters on the learning rate for the maze solving problem. Furthermore, we investigate a few code optimization techniques to improve the run time efficiency. The outcome of this research may have direct implication in rapid search and recovery, disaster planning and autonomous navigation among others.

关键词： Euclidean distance Kalman filters Training Navigation Artificial neural networks Testing

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Implementation and analysis of integration GSM/GPRS modem in a TMS320VC6713 digital signal processor for vehicle location

Implementation and analysis of integration GSM/GPRS modem in...

引用

International Conference on computer and Communication engineering, ICCCE

作者： H. A. Rahim R. B. Ahmad A. S. M. Zain U. U. Sheikh School of Computer and Communication Engineering Universiti Malaysia Pedis Kangar Perlis Malaysia Computer Vision Video and Image Processing Research Laboratory (CVVIP) Department of Microelectronics and Computer Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia

The rapidly evolving wireless communications environment and 3G, where the standard are constantly created and modified, has given rise to the integration of GPS (Global Positioning System) and GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication). This integration has been widely applied in many disciplines including Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) and Logistic Management to aid the users to locate their vehicles remotely. Further on, the fast growth of city transportation also has stimulated the development of VMS where it is recognized as one of the major components of ITS. However, this system is rarely being implemented on embedded system using DSP processor. Thus, this paper discusses design and implementation of GSM/GPRS integration in a TMS320VC6713 for Vehicle Location that permits users to communicate with their vehicles via a Short Message Service (SMS). This system provides an alternative solution to solve vehicle theft and hijacking problems where the system is able track the real-time moving car location by using cellular phone. The system performance analysis has been carried out where the executions of three functions have been measured in clock cycles.

关键词： GSM Digital signal processing Global Positioning System Vehicles Ground penetrating radar Modems Monitoring

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