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Estimation of proper parameter values for document binarization

Estimation of proper parameter values for document binarizat...

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10th IASTED International Conference on computer Graphics and Imaging, CGIM 2008

作者： Badekas, E. Papamarkos, N. Image Processing and Multimedia Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Democritus University of Thrace 67100 Xanthi Greece

ISBN: (纸本)9780889867192

Most of the existing document-binarization techniques deal with many parameters that require a priori setting of their values. Due to the unknown of the ground-truth images, the evaluation of document binarization techniques is subjective and employs human observers for the estimation of the appropriate parameter values. The selection of the appropriate values for these parameters is crucial and influences to the final binarization. However, there is no predetermined set of parameters that guarantees optimal binarization for all document images. This paper proposes a new technique that allows the estimation of proper parameters values for each one of the document binarization techniques. The proposed approach is based on a statistical performance analysis of a set of binarization results, which are obtained by applying various binarization techniques with different parameter values. The proposed statistical performance analysis can also depicts the best document binarization result obtained by a set of document binarization techniques.

关键词： Parameter estimation

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Ground truth data collection for unmixing algorithm evaluation

Ground truth data collection for unmixing algorithm evaluati...

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Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral imagery XIV

作者： Rivera-Borrero, Carlos Rosario, Samuel Hunt, Shawn Zayas, Carmen Mundorf, Adrienne Cardona, Suhaily Laboratory for Applied Remote Sensing and Image Processing Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of Puerto Rico Mayagüez Campus

ISBN: (纸本)9780819471574

This paper presents a ground truth data collection effort along with its use in evaluating unmixing algorithms. Unmixing algorithms are typically evaluated using synthetic data generated by selecting endmember spectrums and adding them in different amounts and with added noise. Going from synthetic to real data poses many problems. One of the greatest is the amount of data to be collected. Also, there will be many unmodeled variations in real data. These include greater variation of the endmembers, additional endmembers that are a very small percentage of the image, and nonlinear effects in the data that are not modeled. The data collation effort produced a high resolution class map along with spectral measurements of 153 different sampling sites to validate the map. The methodology for using this high resolution class map for generating the ground truth data for use in the unmixing algorithms is presented. Specifically, a 1m class map is used to generate the endmember abundances for every pixel in a 30m Hyperion image of the Enrique Reef in Southwest Puerto Rico. The results using two unmixing algorithms, one with a sum to one constraint and the other with a non-negative constraint are presented. The unmixing results for each endmember are presented along with a newly developed unmixing parameter called the Correct Unmixing Index (CUI).

关键词： Data acquisition

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Block truncation signature coding for hyeprspectral analysis

Block truncation signature coding for hyeprspectral analysis

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Imaging Spectrometry XIII

作者： Chakravarty, Sumit Chang, Chein-I. Remote Sensing Signal and Image Processing Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering University of Maryland Baltimore County Baltimore MD 21250 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780819473066

This paper introduces a new signature coding which is designed based on the well-known Block Truncation Coding (BTC). It comprises of bit-maps of the signature blocks generated by different threshold criteria. Two new BTC-based algorithms are developed for signature coding, to be called Block Truncation Signature Coding (BTSC) and 2-level BTSC (2BTSC). In order to compare the developed BTC based algorithms with current binary signature coding schemes such as Spectral Program Analysis Manager (SPAM) developed by Mazer et al. and Spectral Feature-based Binary Coding (SFBC) by Qian et al, three different thresholding functions, local block mean, local block gradient, local block correlation are derived to improve the BTSC performance where the combined bit-maps generated by these thresholds can provide better spectral signature characterization. Experimental results reveal that the new BTC-based signature coding performs more effectively in characterizing spectral variations than currently available binary signature coding methods.

关键词： Managers

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DEVELOPING document image retrieval system

DEVELOPING document image retrieval system

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computer Graphics and Visualization 2008 and Gaming 2008: Design for Engaging Experience and Social Interaction 2008, MCCSIS'08 - IADIS Multi Conference on computer Science and Information Systems

作者： Zagoris, Konstantinos Ergina, Kavallieratou Papamarkos, Nikos Image Processing and Multimedia Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Democritus University of Thrace 67100 Xanthi Greece Department of Information and Communication Systems Engineering University of the Aegean Samos 83100 Greece

ISBN: (纸本)9789728924638

A system was developed able to retrieve specific documents from a document collection. In this system the query is given in text by the user and then transformed into image. Appropriate features were in order to capture the general shape of the query, and ignore details due to noise or different fonts. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of our system, we used a collection of noisy documents and we compared our results with those of a commercial OCR package. © 2008 IADIS.

关键词： Search engines

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Radiometric calibration of reflective bands of landsat 4 thematic mapper using pseudo-invariant site technique

Radiometric calibration of reflective bands of landsat 4 the...

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2008 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium - Proceedings

作者： Malla, Rimy Helder, Dennis L. Image Processing Laboratory South Dakota State University SD 57007 United States Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department South Dakota State University SD 57007 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781424428083

Historically, for purposes of calibration, the Landsat 4 Thematic Mapper (TM) sensor has relied upon prelaunch calibration data, internal calibration data and very limited post-launch data. Landsat 4 additionally has used Landsat 5 TM cross-calibration data. The availability of one more independent source, commonly called pseudo-invariant sites, can be used to improve the calibration of the sensor. Pseudo-invariant sites are mainly well characterized desert sites exhibiting the properties of high reflectance, high spatial and spectral uniformity, temporal stability and are nearly Lambertian to decrease BRDF and shadow effects. The successful update of the calibration of the Landsat 5 TM sensor using the pseudo-invariant site approach suggested using this approach to calibrate the Landsat 4 TM sensor [1]. The pseudo-invariant sites selected to characterize the Landsat 4 TM sensor are Middle East sites at Path 166, Row 39 and Path 166, Row 40. Previously, calibration attempts have been primarily based only on the internal calibrator (IC) and prelaunch data. The Landsat 5 internal calibrator was found to be unreliable approximately three years after launch. The Landsat 4 IC data also become questionable especially knowing that the internal calibrators for both the instruments were essentially identical. Thus, it is necessary to characterize the system with another independent and reliable source-in this case pseudo-invariant sites. Unfortunately, due to the unavailability of an adequate number of scenes at the site used for Landsat 5, the Middle East site of Path 166, Row 39 and Path 166, Row 40 were selected. A large drawback of these sites is that they are the locations of the First Gulf War in 1991. This negates the assumption that the surface and atmosphere did not change during the study period. To account for the change, radiometric correction was done using the known Landsat 5 gain signature. A correction factor, which is the ratio of the averages of Landsat 5 p

关键词： Landsat

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Use of pseudo-invariant sites for long-term sensor calibration

Use of pseudo-invariant sites for long-term sensor calibrati...

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2008 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium - Proceedings

作者： Morstad, Daniel L. Helder, Dennis L. Image Processing Laboratory South Dakota State University SD 57007 United States Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department South Dakota State University SD 57007 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781424428083

Over the past several years, pseudo-invariant sites for trending the radiometric gain of multispectral satellite imaging systems has proven to be very useful and accurate. For example, the lifetime calibration of the Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) was recently updated based in large part upon this approach. This effort reduced the error in the gain estimate from roughly 13 percent to less than 5 percent and integrated a variety of absolute calibration estimates for the sensor [1]. Typically, pseudo-invariant sites are located in arid regions where very little temporal and spatial change occurs over long periods of time and significant extent. Sites in the Sahara desert are especially attractive. However, drawbacks of this approach are that the sites are relatively unacceptable and, for some instruments, only limited numbers of data sets are available. As a result, it would be helpful to use sites that are observed often, such as locations in North America, so that the technique could be applied to more sensors both historically and in the future. The drawback to these sites is that they are typically of much smaller extent and, therefore, are more difficult to use from a geometric perspective. Recent work has shown that small pseudo-invariant sites, if carefully chosen, can also be used for accurate trending of satellite instruments. This paper will illustrate an approach that suggests the calibration site commonly known as Sonoran Desert can be used to observe the characteristic calibration curve of Landsat 5 TM. Because of the significant number of observations of this site, and other similar sites in North America, there is good potential to extend this technique to additional multispectral instruments for enhanced long term monitoring of radiometric gain. © 2008 IEEE.

关键词： Landsat

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An evaluation survey of binarization algorithms on historical documents

An evaluation survey of binarization algorithms on historica...

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作者： Stathis, Pavlos Kavallieratou, Ergina Papamarkos, Nikos Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Image Processing and Multimedia Laboratory Democritus University of Thrace 67100 Xanthi Greece Dept. of Information and Communication Systems Engineering University of the Aegean 83200 Karlovassi Samos Greece

ISBN: (纸本)9781424421756

Document binarization is an active research area for many years. There are many difficulties associated with satisfactory binarization of document images and especially in cases of degraded historical documents. In this paper, we try to answer the question "how well an existing binarization algorithm can binarize a degraded document image?" We propose a new technique for the validation of document binarization algorithms. Our method is simple in its implementation and can be performed on any binarization algorithm since it doesn't require anything more than the binarization stage. Then we apply the proposed technique to 30 existing binarization algorithms. Experimental results and conclusions are presented. © 2008 IEEE.

关键词： History

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A pyramid-based block of skewers for pixel purity index for endmember extraction in hyperspectral imagery

A pyramid-based block of skewers for pixel purity index for ...

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作者： Chang, Chein-I Hsueh, Mingkai Liu, Weimin Wu, Chao-Cheng Chaudhry, Farzeen Solyar, Gregory Plaza, Antonio Remote Sensing Signal and Image Processing Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering University of Maryland Baltimore County Baltimore MD 21250 United States Computer Science Department University of Extremadura Avda. de la Universidad s/n 10.071 Caceres Spain

Pixel Purity Index (PPI) has been widely used for endmember extraction. Recently, an approach using blocks of skewers was proposed by Theiler et al., called blocks of skewers (BOS) method, to improve computation of the PPI. It utilizes a block of skewers to reduce number of calculations of dot products operated by the PPI on each skewers with all data sample vectors. Unfortunately, the BOS method also suffers from the same drawbacks that the PPI does in terms of several parameters which are needed to be determined a priori. Besides, it also has an additional parameter, block size, B needed to be determined where no guideline is provided of how to select this parameter. In this paper, the BOS method is also investigated. Most importantly, a new pyramid-based block design for the BOS method is also introduced as opposed to the cube-based block designed used by Theiler et al.'s BOS. One major advantage of our proposed pyramid-based BOS over Theiler et al.'s cube-design BOS is the hardware design for Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) implementation. © 2008 World Scientific Publishing Company.

关键词： Pixels

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A kidney segmentation approach from DCE-MRI using level sets

A kidney segmentation approach from DCE-MRI using level sets

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IEEE computer Society Conference on computer vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW)

作者： H. Abdelmunim Aly A. Farag W. Miller Mohamed AboelGhar Department of Computer Science Computational Biomedicine Laboratory University of Houston Houston TX USA Computer Vision and Image Processing LabDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Louisville Louisville KY USA Medical School Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt

Acute rejection is the most common reason of graft failure after kidney transplantation, and early detection is crucial to survive the transplanted kidney function. Automatic classification of normal and acute rejection transplants from dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCEMRI), is of great importance. Kidney segmentation is the first step for such classification. The image intensity inside the kidney is used as an indication of failure/success. Differentiating between different cases cases is implemented by comparing subsequential kidney scans signals. So, this process is mainly dependent on segmentation. This paper introduces a new shape-based segmentation approach based on level sets. Training shapes are collected from different real data sets to represent the shape variations. Signed distance functions are used to represent these shapes. The methodology incorporates image and shape prior information in a variational framework. The shape registration is considered the backbone of the approach where more general transformations can be used to handle the process. We introduce a novel shape dissimilarity measure that enables the use of different (inhomogeneous) scales. The approach gives successful results compared with other techniques restricted to transformations with homogeneous scales. Results for segmenting kidney images will be illustrated and compared with other approaches to show the efficiency of the proposed technique.

关键词： Level set image segmentation computer vision Magnetic resonance imaging Shape measurement Biopsy Biomedical computing computer science image processing Biomedical imaging

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Carried Load Measurement Based on Gait Analysis and Human Kinetics

Carried Load Measurement Based on Gait Analysis and Human Ki...

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Congress on image and Signal processing, CISP

作者： Kui Zhang Hong Zhang Ning Yao Robert J. Sclabassi Mingui Sun Image Processing Centre Beihang University China Laboratory for Computational NeuroscienceDepartments of Neurosurgery Electrical &Computer Engineering and Bioengineering University of Pittsburgh USA

As a means of biometric identification, gait analysis has attracted much attention in both research and industry. Most methods focus on human posture identification, tracking and medicine treatment assistant. Few methods, however, investigate the relationship between the load carried by an individual and the characteristics of his/her gait. In this paper, we present a method to estimate the weight of the carried load from a sequence of video images. We analyze the shifts of an individual's center of gravity based on human kinetics. Relationships between the carried weight, leaning angles, mass of the individual and the position of the load are established and the estimate error is reduced using the statistical average. This method is then verified using theoretical and curve fitting experiments.

关键词： Humans Kinetic theory Legged locomotion image processing Gravity Curve fitting Torque Biomedical signal processing image analysis Signal analysis

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