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检索条件"机构=Computer Vision and Image Processing Laboratory Electrical and Computer Engineering"

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A rate-distortion optimal video pre-processing algorithm

A rate-distortion optimal video pre-processing algorithm

引用

IEEE International Conference on image processing

作者： P.V. Karunaratne C.A. Segall A.K. Katsaggelos Image and Video Processing Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL USA

Pre-processing algorithms improve the quality of a compression system by removing unimportant data before encoding. This enhances both the visual quality and coding efficiency of the system. We cast the pre-processing problem in the operational rate-distortion framework. Filtering the displaced frame difference is the focus, and the proposed method couples the choice of the quantization scale to the response of the prefilter. Coding errors are then addressed by penalizing significant differences between coded blocks. Finally, experimental results illustrate the efficacy of the method within the context of an MPEG-2 coding scenario.

关键词： Rate-distortion Low pass filters image coding Decoding Transform coding Video compression Focusing image quality Filtering algorithms image sequences

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Optimization on unbounded solution space using dynamic genetic algorithms

Optimization on unbounded solution space using dynamic genet...

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International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)

作者： Chi Kin Chow Hung Tat Tsui Tong Lee Computer Vision and Image Processing Laboratory Department of Electronic Engineering Chinese University of Hong Kong Sha Tin Hong Kong China

ISBN: (纸本)0780370449

The problem of applying genetic algorithm (GA) to solve an optimization problem over an unbounded solution space is addressed. We propose to first transform the possible range of each parameter in the chromosome to a finite range with a nonlinear mapping such that the search on unbounded solution space becomes a search for high precision solution in a finite range. Modifications on the GA have been found necessary after such nonlinear mapping. As a result, a new GA with dynamic mutation range that facilitates coarse-refine search has been developed.

关键词： Genetic algorithms Biological cells Optimization methods Genetic mutations computer vision image processing Laboratories Genetic engineering Chromosome mapping Dynamic range

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An overview of security issues in streaming video

An overview of security issues in streaming video

引用

International Conference on Information Technology: Coding and Computing (ITCC)

作者： E.T. Lin G.W. Cook P. Salama E.J. Delp Video and Image Processing Laboratory(VIPER) School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue School of Engineering and Technology Purdue University Indiana University Indianapolis IN USA

The article describes some of the security issues in streaming video over the Internet. If high quality video sequences are to be delivered to computers and digital television systems over the Internet in our "di... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)0769510620

关键词： Streaming media Video compression Bandwidth Internet Protection Decoding Security Video sequences IP networks Authentication

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Discrimination measures for target classification

Discrimination measures for target classification

引用

IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS)

作者： Shao-Shan Chiang Chein-I Chang Remote Sensing Signal and Image Processing Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering University of Maryland Baltimore County Baltimore MD USA

Target detection does not necessarily yield target classification since the detected targets may belong to different classes and cannot be differentiated one from another by target detection. This often occurs when no prior target knowledge is available. In order to resolve this dilemma, four measures are proposed for target discrimination in this paper, two of which are designed based on the Bhattacharyya distance and the other two are derived from the concept of the matched filter. They will be used to cluster the detected anomalies into different types of targets in an unsupervised manner. These four target discrimination measures take advantage of the second-order statistics of the image data to account for sample spectral correlation. Consequently, they all outperform the commonly used single-pixel based similarity measures, such as spectral angle mapper (SAM), Euclidean distance. An experiment-based quantitative study is conducted for their performance evaluation. Interestingly, all these four measures perform very similarly.

关键词： Covariance matrix Matched filters Signal processing Object detection Remote sensing image processing Laboratories computer science Statistics Euclidean distance

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Real-time processing of an unsupervised constrained linear spectral unmixing algorithm

Real-time processing of an unsupervised constrained linear s...

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IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS)

作者： D.C. Heinz Chein-I Chang Remote Sensing Signal and Image Processing Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering University of Maryland Baltimore County Baltimore MD USA

Most spectral unmixing techniques require complete a priori knowledge of spectral endmembers in an image scene to be implemented. This knowledge is usually obtained from a complete hyperspectral image scene in either a supervised or unsupervised fashion, which prohibits real-time implementation. In this paper, we present a unique constrained spectral unmixing technique, which develops this knowledge in real-time on a pixel-by-pixel basis. Experiments using HYDICE data were conducted to demonstrate this proposed real-time approach for target detection and classification in hyperspectral imagery. Small modifications to the real-time algorithm were made in the experimental section to alleviate practical problems associated with a true pixel-by-pixel implementation.

关键词： Hyperspectral sensors Layout Hyperspectral imaging Object detection computer displays Remote monitoring image sensors Remote sensing Signal processing image processing

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Hidden Markov model approaches to hyperspectral image classification

Hidden Markov model approaches to hyperspectral image classi...

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IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS)

作者： Qian Du Chein-I Chang Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Texas A and M University Kingsville TX USA Remote Sensing Signal and Image Processing Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering University of Maryland Baltimore County Baltimore MD USA

In this paper, we present a hidden Markov model (HMM) approach to hyperspectral image classification. HMMs have been widely used in speech recognition to model a doubly stochastic process with a hidden state process that can be only observed through a sequence of observations. Since the temporal variability of a speech signal is similar to the spectral variability of a remotely sensed image pixel vector, the same idea can be applied to hyperspectral image classification. It makes use of a hidden Markov process to characterize the spectral correlation and band-to-band variability where the model parameters are determined by the spectra of the pixel vectors that form the observation sequences. Experiments demonstrate that the HMM can better describe the unobserved spectral properties so as to improve classification performance.

关键词： Hidden Markov models image classification

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New algorithms for computing directional discrete Fourier transforms

New algorithms for computing directional discrete Fourier tr...

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IEEE International Conference on image processing

作者： M.S. Pattichis R. Zhou B. Raman Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Image and Video Processing and Communications Laboratory USA Albuquerque High Performance Computing Center University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM USA

New algorithms for computing the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) spectra along different directions are derived and implemented. For computing the DFT spectrum along any given direction (containing N DFT frequencies), a new algorithm is presented that requires N(N-1) additions and a single 1-D FFT. As expected, for a single direction, the directional FFT algorithm is significantly faster than standard 2-D FFT algorithms that compute the entire spectrum (all results are compared against FFTW and FFTPACK). A scalable extension of the unidirectional algorithm for computing the entire DFT spectrum is also derived and implemented. The three most promising features of the new algorithm are that: (i) computation scales nearly linearly with the number of DFT frequencies computed, (ii) the algorithm uses a reduced number of multiplications (yet uses more additions), and (iii) it is more accurate.

关键词： Discrete Fourier transforms Flexible printed circuits High performance computing Frequency Laboratories Electronic mail Scientific computing Fast Fourier transforms Shape MPEG 4 Standard

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Color error diffusion with generalized optimum noise shaping

Color error diffusion with generalized optimum noise shaping

引用

IEEE International Conference on image processing

作者： N. Damera-Venkata B.L. Evans Halftoning and Image Processing Group Hewlett Packard Laboratories Palo Alto CA USA Embedded Signal Processing Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Texas Austin Austin TX USA

We optimize the noise shaping behavior of color error diffusion by designing an optimized error filter based on a proposed noise shaping model for color error diffusion and a generalized linear spatially-invariant model of the human visual system. Our approach allows the error filter to have matrix-valued coefficients and diffuse quantization error across channels in an opponent color representation. Thus, the noise is shaped into frequency regions of reduced human color sensitivity. To obtain the optimal filter, we derive a matrix version of the Yule-Walker equations which we solve by using a gradient descent algorithm.

关键词： Colored noise Noise shaping Design optimization Humans Nonlinear filters Visual system Quantization Noise reduction Frequency Equations

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FM halftoning via block error diffusion

FM halftoning via block error diffusion

引用

IEEE International Conference on image processing

Error diffusion halftoning is a popular method of producing frequency modulated (FM) halftones. In FM halftoning the dot size and shape is fixed (equal to one pixel) and the dot frequency is varied in accordance to the graylevel values of the underlying grayscale image. We generalize error diffusion to produce FM halftones with user controlled dot size and shape using block quantization and a block filter in the feedback loop. We call this modified quantization and feedback process block error diffusion. The block filters are designed from well known scalar error filter prototypes and retain their properties. Further, we show that choosing a structured block filter results in an efficient parallel implementation of block error diffusion.

关键词： Frequency modulation Filters Shape control Quantization Pixel Gray-scale Error correction Size control Feedback loop Prototypes

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Model-based face tracking for dense motion field estimation

Model-based face tracking for dense motion field estimation

引用

Applied imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop (AIPR)

作者： T.F. Gee R.M. Mersereau Image Science and Machine Vision Group Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN USA School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA

ISBN: (纸本)0769512453

When estimating the dense motion field of a video sequence, if little is known or assumed about the content, a limited constraint approach such as optical flow must be used. Since optical flow algorithms generally use a small spatial area in the determination of each motion vector the resulting motion field can be noisy, particularly if the input video sequence is noisy. If the moving subject is known to be a face, then we may use that constraint to improve the motion field results. This paper describes a method for deriving dense motion field data using a face tracking approach. A face model is manually initialized to fit a face at the beginning of the input sequence. Then a Kalman filtering approach is used to track the face movements and successively fit the face model to the face in each frame. The 2D displacement vectors are calculated from the projection of the facial model, which is allowed to move in 3D space and may have a 3D shape. We have experimented with planar, cylindrical, and Candide face models. The resulting motion field is used in multiple frame restoration of a face in noisy video.

关键词： Tracking Motion estimation Video sequences Optical filters image motion analysis Optical noise Kalman filters Filtering Shape Multi-stage noise shaping

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