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arXiv 2023年

作者： Li, Zhixun Wang, Liang Sun, Xin Luo, Yifan Zhu, Yanqiao Chen, Dingshuo Luo, Yingtao Zhou, Xiangxin Liu, Qiang Wu, Shu Yu, Jeffrey Xu Department of Systems Engineering and Engineering Management The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Center for Research on Intelligent Perception Computing State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences China School of Artificial Intelligence University of Chinese Academy of Sciences China Department of Automation University of Science and Technology of China China School of Cyberspace Security Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications China Department of Computer Science University of California Los Angeles United States Heinz College of Information Systems and Public Policy Machine Learning Department School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University United States

Graph Structure Learning (GSL) has recently garnered considerable attention due to its ability to optimize both the parameters of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) and the computation graph structure simultaneously. Despite the proliferation of GSL methods developed in recent years, there is no standard experimental setting or fair comparison for performance evaluation, which creates a great obstacle to understanding the progress in this field. To fill this gap, we systematically analyze the performance of GSL in different scenarios and develop a comprehensive Graph Structure Learning Benchmark (GSLB) curated from 20 diverse graph datasets and 16 distinct GSL algorithms. Specifically, GSLB systematically investigates the characteristics of GSL in terms of three dimensions: effectiveness, robustness, and complexity. We comprehensively evaluate state-of-the-art GSL algorithms in node- and graph-level tasks, and analyze their performance in robust learning and model complexity. Further, to facilitate reproducible research, we have developed an easy-to-use library for training, evaluating, and visualizing different GSL methods. Empirical results of our extensive experiments demonstrate the ability of GSL and reveal its potential benefits on various downstream tasks, offering insights and opportunities for future research. The code of GSLB is available at: https://***/GSL-Benchmark/GSLB. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Benchmarking

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UCPM: Uncertainty-Guided Cross-Modal Retrieval with Partially Mismatched Pairs

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IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society 2025年 PP卷 PP页

作者： Quanxing Zha Xin Liu Yiu-Ming Cheung Shu-Juan Peng Xing Xu Nannan Wang Huaqiao University Department of Computer Science Xiamen 361021 China Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Computer Vision Xiamen 361021 China Huaqiao University Fujian Key Laboratory of Big Data Intelligence and Security Xiamen 361021 China Hong Kong Baptist University Department of Computer Science Hong Kong Huaqiao University Department of Artificial Intelligence Xiamen 361021 China Fujian Province University Key Laboratory of Computer Vision and Machine Learning (Huaqiao University) Xiamen 361021 China University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Center for Future Multimedia School of Computer Science and Engineering Chengdu 610051 China Xidian University State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks Xi’an 710071 China

The manual annotation of perfectly aligned labels for cross-modal retrieval (CMR) is incredibly labor-intensive. As an alternative, the collection of co-occurring data pairs from the Internet is a remarkably cost-effective way, but which, inevitably induces the Partially Mismatched Pairs (PMPs) and therefore significantly degrades the retrieval performance without particular treatment. Previous efforts often utilize the pair-wise similarity to filter out the mismatched pairs, and such operation is highly sensitive to mismatched or ambiguous data and thus leads to sub-optimal performance. To alleviate these concerns, we propose an efficient approach, termed UCPM, i.e., Uncertainty-guided Cross-modal retrieval with Partially Mismatched pairs, which can significantly reduce the adverse impact of mismatched data pairs. Specifically, a novel Uncertainty Guided Division (UGD) strategy is sophisticatedly designed to divide the corrupted training data into confident matched (clean), easily-identifiable mismatched (noisy) and hardly-determined hard subsets, and the derived uncertainty can simultaneously guide the informative pair learning while reducing the negative impact of potential mismatched pairs. Meanwhile, an effective Uncertainty Self-Correction (USC) mechanism is concurrently presented to accurately identify and rectify the fluctuated uncertainty during the training process, which further improves the stability and reliability of the estimated uncertainty. Besides, a Trusted Margin Loss (TML) is newly designed to enhance the discriminability between those hard pairs, by dynamically adjusting their soft margins to amplify the positive contributions of matched pairs while suppressing the negative impacts of mismatched pairs. Extensive experiments on three widely-used benchmark datasets, verify the effectiveness and reliability of UCPM compared with the existing SOTA approaches, and significantly improve the robustness in both synthetic and real-world PMPs. The code i

关键词： Cross-modal retrieval partially mismatched pairs trusted margin loss uncertainty guided division uncertainty self-correction

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TraSeTR: Track-to-Segment Transformer with Contrastive Query for Instance-level Instrument Segmentation in Robotic Surgery

TraSeTR: Track-to-Segment Transformer with Contrastive Query...

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IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)

作者： Zixu Zhao Yueming Jin Pheng– Ann Heng Department of Computer Science and Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Department of Comouter Science University College London UK Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Surgical instrument segmentation - in general a pixel classification task - is fundamentally crucial for promoting cognitive intelligence in robot-assisted surgery (RAS). However, previous methods are struggling with discriminating instrument types and instances. To address above issues, we explore a mask classification paradigm that produces per-segment predictions. We propose TraSeTR, a novel Track-to-Segment Transformer that wisely exploits tracking cues to assist surgical instrument segmentation. TraSeTR jointly reasons about the instrument type, location, and identity with instance-level predictions i.e., a set of class-bbox-mask pairs, by decoding query embeddings. Specifically, we introduce the prior query that encoded with previous temporal knowledge, to transfer tracking signals to current instances via identity matching. A contrastive query learning strategy is further applied to reshape the query feature space, which greatly alleviates the tracking difficulty caused by large temporal variations. The effectiveness of our method is demonstrated with state-of-the-art instrument type segmentation results on three public datasets, including two RAS benchmarks from EndoVis Challenges and one cataract surgery dataset CaDIs.

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Evaluating the Impact of Special Characters on Password Security: a Comparative Analysis

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IEEE Network 2025年

作者： He, Daojing Liu, Zhiyong Chan, Sammy Zhou, Beibei Guizani, Mohsen Harbin Institute of Technology School of Computer Science and Technology Shenzhen China Guizhou University State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data Guizhou China Research and Development Center Guangzhou Jingyuan Security Technology Co. Ltd Guangzhou China City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Department of Electrical Engineering Hong Kong Hong Kong Shanghai Urban Construction Vocational College School of Artificial Intelligence Application Shanghai China Machine Learning Department Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates

Text-based password authentication remains essential for identity verification on internet platforms and blockchain systems. However, as computational power advances, security threats to user passwords have intensified, raising concerns about their effectiveness. While special characters (i.e., non-alphanumeric symbols, which include punctuation marks, mathematical symbols, and other non-letter/number characters like '.', '@', '#', '$', and similar) are often recommended to enhance password strength, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) prioritizes length over complexity, challenging their necessity. This study fills a critical gap in understanding user behavior regarding special character usage. By analyzing 15 datasets from Chinese, English, and German languages, we examined patterns of special character incorporation and their impact on password strength. Our findings indicate that users frequently employ predictable methods for including special characters, potentially compromising security, especially under stringent policies. We present three key contributions: (1) an analysis of special character usage patterns, (2) a quantitative assessment of strength differences using the PCFGv4.1 model, and (3) actionable recommendations for stakeholders to enhance password security practices. This research further advocates for aligning password policies with user behavior for more effective security. © 1986-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Authentication Protocol

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μ-STAR: A novel framework for spatio-temporal M/EEG source imaging optimized by microstates

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NeuroImage 2023年 282卷 120372-120372页

作者： Feng, Zhao Wang, Sujie Qian, Linze Xu, Mengru Wu, Kuijun Kakkos, Ioannis Guan, Cuntai Sun, Yu Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education of China Department of Biomedical Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China Biomedical Engineering Laboratory School of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Technical University of Athens Athens Greece School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration Zhejiang University Hangzhou China State Key Laboratory for Brain-Machine Intelligence Zhejiang University Hangzhou China Department of Neurology Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China

Source imaging of Electroencephalography (EEG) and Magnetoencephalography (MEG) provides a noninvasive way of monitoring brain activities with high spatial and temporal resolution. In order to address this highly ill-posed problem, conventional source imaging models adopted spatio-temporal constraints that assume spatial stability of the source activities, neglecting the transient characteristics of M/EEG. In this work, a novel source imaging method μ-STAR that includes a microstate analysis and a spatio-temporal Bayesian model was introduced to address this problem. Specifically, the microstate analysis was applied to achieve automatic determination of time window length with quasi-stable source activity pattern for optimal reconstruction of source dynamics. Then a user-specific spatial prior and data-driven temporal basis functions were utilized to characterize the spatio-temporal information of sources within each state. The solution of the source reconstruction was obtained through a computationally efficient algorithm based upon variational Bayesian and convex analysis. The performance of the μ-STAR was first assessed through numerical simulations, where we found that the determination and inclusion of optimal temporal length in the spatio-temporal prior significantly improved the performance of source reconstruction. More importantly, the μ-STAR model achieved robust performance under various settings (i.e., source numbers/areas, SNR levels, and source depth) with fast convergence speed compared with five widely-used benchmark models (including wMNE, STV, SBL, BESTIES, & SI-STBF). Additional validations on real data were then performed on two publicly-available datasets (including block-design face-processing ERP and continuous resting-state EEG). The reconstructed source activities exhibited spatial and temporal neurophysiologically plausible results consistent with previously-revealed neural substrates, thereby further proving the feasibility of the μ-STAR m

关键词： Bayesian framework Microstates Source imaging Temporal segmentation

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Scalable Multi-view Regression Clustering for Large-scale Data

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IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology 2025年

作者： Zhao, Xiaowei Fan, Jie Chang, Xiaojun Nie, Feiping Zhang, Qiang Guo, Jun Xidian University State Key Laboratory of Electromechanical Integrated Manufacturing of High-Performance Electronic Equipment Shaanxi Xi’an710071 China Xidian University Center for Complex Systems School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering Shaanxi Xi’an710071 China Northwest University School of Information Science and Technology Shaanxi Xi’an710127 China University of Science and Technology of China School of Information Science and Technology Hefei230026 China Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence Department of Computer Vision MBZUAI Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Xi’an710072 China

In recent years, unsupervised linear regression has attracted attention for its ability to directly capture the mapping relationship between samples and targets. However, existing algorithms can only utilize limited information from a single view, which often leads to unsatisfactory results. To address this problem, we propose a regression clustering model based on multi-view information fusion, called Scalable Multi-view Regression Clustering. This model consists of two parts: intra-view information fusion and inter-view information fusion. In the first part, to capture the local correlations among samples, we propose constructing view-specific bipartite graphs. Unlike traditional single-view and multi-view clustering algorithms, we treat the weights of the bipartite graph as additional features of the samples, thereby directly incorporating the local manifold structure of the samples at the feature level. Furthermore, since the original features of the samples also contain valuable information, we perform unsupervised linear regression separately on the samples represented by the original features and those represented by the bipartite graph weights in each view. The results are then integrated in a weighted manner. In the second part, we propose adaptively weighting the clustering results from each view to capture complementary information across views, thereby enhancing clustering performance. This strategy not only avoids the bipartite graph alignment issue in multi-view clustering but also enables clustering with linear time complexity, making it effective for handling large-scale data. An iterative optimization algorithm is developed to update all variables alternately. Experiments conducted on benchmark datasets demonstrate the superiority of our proposed model. © 2025 IEEE. All rights reserved.

关键词： Multiple linear regression

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Hybrid Modeling Approaches in Energy Internet: Bridging Cyber, Physical, and Social Realms

Hybrid Modeling Approaches in Energy Internet: Bridging Cybe...

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Communication, computer sciences and Engineering (IC3SE), International Conference on

作者： Prateek Chaturvedi H Pal Thethi N V Uma Reddy M Kalaiarasi Taqi Mohammed Khattab Al-Rubaye K. Anusha Department of Mechanical Engineering Amity University Greater Noida India Lovely Professional University Phagwara India Department of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning New Horizon College of Engineering Bangalore India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Institute of Aeronautical Engineering Hyderabad Telangana India Department of Medical Laboratory Technology College of Medical Technologies The Islamic University Najaf Iraq Department of CSE-AI&ML MLR Institute of Technology Hyderabad Telangana India

ISBN: (数字)9798350366846

ISBN: (纸本)9798350366853

Effective modeling approaches are required for the management and operation of the Energy Internet due to the system's complexity and mobility. New hybrid models that link the Energy Internet's digital, real-world, and social components are the primary focus of this article. We propose a novel approach that integrates adaptive reinforcement learning, social behavior analysis, and multi-agent coordination optimization to enhance the system's performance, robustness, and long-term sustainability. We intend to address issues that arise when several factors, such as evolving technology, user behavior, and social interactions, converge by employing these mixed modeling approaches. Because of this, the Energy Internet setting will run more efficiently and effectively. Through extensive simulations and case studies, we demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms conventional ones. Our main focus is on how technology can enhance energy management, better allocate resources, and back user-centered and socially inclusive policies. To ensure the seamless operation of the Energy Internet environment's cyber, physical, and social components, the results highlight the significance of mixed modeling methodologies.

关键词： Adaptation models Analytical models Adaptive systems Computational modeling System performance Energy Internet Reinforcement learning

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From EEG to Eye Movements: Cross-modal Emotion Recognition Using Constrained Adversarial Network with Dual Attention

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IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing 2024年

作者： Wang, Yiting Liu, Jia-Wen Lu, Bao-Liang Zheng, Wei-Long Karolinska Institutet Department of Clinical Neuroscience Stockholm171 77 Sweden Shanghai Jiao Tong University China Shanghai Jiao Tong University Center for Brain-Like Computing and Machine Intelligence Department of Computer Science and Engineering Key Laboratory of Shanghai Education Commission for Intelligent Interaction and Cognitive Engineering Shanghai200240 China Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine RuiJin-Mihoyo Laboratory Clinical Neuroscience Center RuiJin Hospital Shanghai200020 China Shanghai Emotionhelper Technology Co. Ltd. Shanghai China

Emotion recognition is a fundamental part of affective computing, obtaining performance gain from multimodal methods. Electroencephalography (EEG) and eye movements are extensively used as they contain complementary information. However, the inconvenient acquisition of EEG is hindering the extensive adoption of multimodal emotion recognition in daily applications while eye movements are more convenient to collect but with lower performance. To tackle this issue, we propose a Constrained Adversarial Network with Dual Attention (CANDA), exploiting the complementary information from multiple modalities during training to improve the test-time performance of single easily acquired modality, i.e., transferring knowledge from a stronger modality to a weaker modality. During training, a common joint space is learned to diminish the distribution discrepancy among different modalities and incorporate the multimodal representations. During test, single modality is converted to the common space achieving comparable performance to multiple modalities. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our model achieves the state-of-the-art performance for cross-modal emotion recognition. Specifically, the mean accuracy increases around 15% on SEED, 15% on SEED-IV, and 2% on SEED-V compared to the latest baseline for emotion recognition. Visualization of features in the joint space illustrates that the distribution of different modalities aligns together with the discriminative ability regarding various emotions. © 2010-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Electroencephalography

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CONIC10K: A Challenging Math Problem Understanding and Reasoning Dataset

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Wu, Haoyi Hui, Wenyang Chen, Yezeng Wu, Weiqi Tu, Kewei Zhou, Yi School of Information Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University China Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Vision and Imaging China School of Information Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of China China National Engineering Laboratory for Brain-inspired Intelligence Technology and Application China Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Education Sciences Ministry of Education China Shanghai Innovation Center for Processor Technologies China Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University China

Mathematical understanding and reasoning are crucial tasks for assessing the capabilities of artificial intelligence (AI). However, existing benchmarks either require just a few steps of reasoning, or only contain a small amount of data in one specific topic, making it hard to analyse AI's behaviour with reference to different problems within a specific topic in detail. In this work, we propose CONIC10K, a challenging math problem dataset on conic sections in Chinese senior high school education. Our dataset contains various problems with different reasoning depths, while only the knowledge from conic sections is required. Since the dataset only involves a narrow range of knowledge, it is easy to separately analyse the knowledge a model possesses and the reasoning ability it has. For each problem, we provide a high-quality formal representation, the reasoning steps, and the final solution. Experiments show that existing large language models, including GPT-4, exhibit weak performance on complex reasoning. We hope that our findings could inspire more advanced techniques for precise natural language understanding and reasoning. Our dataset and codes are available at https://***/whyNLP/Conic10K. © 2023, CC BY.

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Generative locally linear embedding

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Ghojogh, Benyamin Ghodsi, Ali Karray, Fakhri Crowley, Mark The Machine Learning Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo WaterlooON Canada The Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science University of Waterloo WaterlooON Canada The Centre for Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo WaterlooON Canada

Locally Linear Embedding (LLE) is a nonlinear spectral dimensionality reduction and manifold learning method. It has two main steps which are linear reconstruction and linear embedding of points in the input space and embedding space, respectively. In this work, we propose two novel generative versions of LLE, named Generative LLE (GLLE), whose linear reconstruction steps are stochastic rather than deterministic. GLLE assumes that every data point is caused by its linear reconstruction weights as latent factors. The proposed GLLE algorithms can generate various LLE embeddings stochastically while all the generated embeddings relate to the original LLE embedding. We propose two versions for stochastic linear reconstruction, one using expectation maximization and another with direct sampling from a derived distribution by optimization. The proposed GLLE methods are closely related to and inspired by variational inference, factor analysis, and probabilistic principal component analysis. Our simulations show that the proposed GLLE methods work effectively in unfolding and generating submanifolds of data. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Embeddings

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