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2nd International Workshop on Fairness of AI in Medical Imaging, FAIMI 2024, and 3rd International Workshop on Ethical and Philosophical Issues in Medical Imaging, EPIMI 2024, Held in Conjunction with the International Conference on Medical Image Computing and computer Assisted Interventions, MICCAI 2024

作者： Jha, Debesh Rauniyar, Ashish Hagos, Desta Haileselassie Sharma, Vanshali Tomar, Nikhil Kumar Zhang, Zheyuan Isler, Ilkin Durak, Gorkem Wallace, Michael Yazici, Cemal Berzin, Tyler Biswas, Koushik Bagci, Ulas Machine and Hybrid Intelligence Laboratory Northwestern University Evanston United States SINTEF Digital Trondheim Norway Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Howard University WashingtonDC United States Department of Computer Science University of Central Florida Orlando United States Mayo Clinic Florida Jacksonville United States Department of Medicine University of Chicago Chicago United States Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783031727863

Generative Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to transform medicine. It is helpful to clinicians and radiologists for diagnosis, screening, treatment planning, interventions, and drug development. It benefits the clinical flow with real-time decision-support systems. While generative AI can potentially improve healthcare, it also introduces new ethical issues that require careful analysis and mitigation strategies. This work emphasizes the ethical aspects of generative AI in medical imaging, aiming to ensure that advancements in this field align with established ethical principles and societal values. We delve into the ethical implications surrounding bias, fairness, patient privacy, consent, transparency, explainability, intellectual property, and data ownership. Furthermore, we discuss regulations governing the use of synthetic medical data. To promote equitable application of these powerful tools, we also propose clear guidelines for promoting fairness, mitigating bias, and ensuring diversity within generative AI models. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Differential privacy

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Data-Driven Analysis of Skin Cancer Classification with Convolutional Neural Networks for E-Health Applications

Data-Driven Analysis of Skin Cancer Classification with Conv...

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2024 IEEE Global Communications Conference, GLOBECOM 2024

作者： Ahmed, Imran Ahmad, Misbah Chehri, Abdellah Jeon, Gwanggil Anglia Ruskin University School of Computing and Information Science Cambridge United Kingdom Hartpury University Animal and Agriculture Department Gloucester United Kingdom University of the West of England Centre for Machine Vision Bristol Robotics Laboratory Bristol United Kingdom Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Canada Incheon National University Department of Embedded Systems Engineering Incheon Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9798350351255

This study explores the effectiveness of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) in automatically classifying skin cancer for e-health applications. The trained model showcases impressive performance by leveraging the HAM10000 dataset, which includes a wide range of skin lesion images from seven different classes. The parameters and architecture of the CNN model are presented in a systematic manner, providing valuable insights into the reasoning behind its design. The model is optimized using the Adam optimizer and annealing techniques to ensure efficient convergence. The model's performance is assessed on validation and test datasets, showcasing an accuracy of 78.55% and 76.49%, respectively, for skin cancer classification. This study highlights the significant potential of CNN as a powerful tool for automating the diagnosis of skin cancer, which is in line with the growing trend of using deep learning for medical image analysis. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Electronic health record

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Convolutional Multi-Head Self-Attention on Memory for Aspect Sentiment Classification

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2020年第4期7卷 1038-1044页

作者： Yaojie Zhang Bing Xu Tiejun Zhao the Laboratory of Machine Intelligence and Translation Department of Computer ScienceHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China

This paper presents a method for aspect based sentiment classification tasks, named convolutional multi-head self-attention memory network(CMA-Mem Net). This is an improved model based on memory networks, and makes it possible to extract more rich and complex semantic information from sequences and aspects. In order to fix the memory network’s inability to capture context-related information on a word-level,we propose utilizing convolution to capture n-gram grammatical information. We use multi-head self-attention to make up for the problem where the memory network ignores the semantic information of the sequence itself. Meanwhile, unlike most recurrent neural network(RNN) long short term memory(LSTM), gated recurrent unit(GRU) models, we retain the parallelism of the network. We experiment on the open datasets Sem Eval-2014 Task 4 and Sem Eval-2016 Task 6. Compared with some popular baseline methods, our model performs excellently.

关键词： Aspect sentiment classification deep learning memory network sentiment analysis(SA)

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Efficient Multi-Query Oriented Continuous Subgraph Matching 40

Efficient Multi-Query Oriented Continuous Subgraph Matching

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40th IEEE International Conference on Data Engineering, ICDE 2024

作者： Ma, Ziyi Yang, Jianye Zhou, Xu Xiao, Guoqing Wang, Jianhua Yang, Liang Li, Kenli Lin, Xuemin School of Artificial Intelligence Hebei University of Technology China Wuzhou University Guangxi Key Laboratory of Machine Vision and Intelligent Control China Cyberspace Institute of Advanced Technology Guangzhou University China PengCheng Laboratory Department of New Networks China College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering Hunan University China Shenzhen Research Institute Hunan University China Antai College of Economics and Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350317152

Continuous subgraph matching (CSM) is a critical task for analyzing dynamic graphs and has a wide range of applications, such as merchant fraud detection, cyber-attack hunting, and rumor detection. Although many efficient CSM algorithms have been recently proposed, they are mainly designed to process a single query. However, in some application scenarios, multi-query oriented continuous subgraph matching (MQCSM) may be of more interest. To our knowledge, the two existing solutions to MQCSM are outdated due to unsatisfactory performance. In this paper, we propose MQ-Match, an efficient approach to MQCSM. First, we design a compact yet effective index structure CCG, which maintains the local matching result of vertices in the data graph using a directed graph. The directed edges in CCG can be utilized as an effective pruning rule for the subsequent incremental matching algorithm when expanding a partial match. Then, we develop a computation sharing incremental matching algorithm. In specific, a set of matching trees is constructed based on the depth-first search trees of the query graphs. By utilizing CCG, we conduct subgraph matching for the matching tree to collect the incremental matches for the query graphs, where the common structures of query graphs are matched only once. Extensive experiments show that MQ-Match can achieve 3.1x-7071.4x speedup over the competitors, and consumes much less memory under the majority of the experiment settings. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Directed graphs

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Unlocking Better Closed-Set Alignment Based on Neural Collapse for Open-Set Recognition 39

Unlocking Better Closed-Set Alignment Based on Neural Collap...

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39th Annual AAAI Conference on Artificial intelligence, AAAI 2025

作者： Li, Chaohua Zhang, Enhao Geng, Chuanxing Chen, Songcan College of Computer Science and Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics China MIIT Key Laboratory of Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence China Department of Computer Science Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong

ISBN: (纸本)157735897X

In recent Open-set Recognition (OSR) community, a prevailing belief is that enhancing the discriminative boundaries of closed-set classes can improve the robustness of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) against open data during testing. Typical studies validate this implicitly by empirical evidence, without a formalized understanding of how DNNs help the closed-set features obtain more discriminative boundaries? For this, we provide an answer from the Neural Collapse (NC) perspective: DNNs align the closed-set with a Simplex Equiangular Tight Frame (ETF) structure that has geometric and mathematical interpretability. Regrettably, although NC naturally occurs in DNNs, we discover that typical studies cannot guarantee the features being learned to strictly align with the ETF. Thus, we introduce a novel concept, Fixed ETF Template (FiT), which holds an ideal structure associated with closed-set classes. To force class means and classifier vectors to align with FiT, we further design a Dual ETF (DEF) loss involving two components. Specifically, F-DEF loss is designed to align class means with FiT strictly, yielding optimal inter-class separability. Meanwhile, we extend a dual form to classifier vectors, termed C-DEF loss, which guides class means and classifier vectors to satisfy self-duality. Our theoretical analysis proves the validity of the proposed approach, and extensive experiments demonstrate that DEF achieves comparable or superior results with reduced computational resources on standard OSR benchmarks. Copyright © 2025, Association for the Advancement of Artificial intelligence (***). All rights reserved.

关键词： Deep neural networks

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Constructing A Theoretical Model to Bridge Neural Transition with a State Switch in Bipolar Disorder

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2025年第1期41卷 181-185页

作者： Xiaonan Guo Lizichen Chen Jianbo Lai Shaohua Hu Department of Psychiatry the First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310003China Department of Engineering Mechanics Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China Nanhu Brain-computer Interface Institute Hangzhou311100China The Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Precision Psychiatry Hangzhou310003China MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310003China Brain Research Institute of Zhejiang University Hangzhou310003China The State Key Lab of Brain-Machine Intelligence Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health Hangzhou310003China

Reward or stress,which exists extensively,causes resilient emotional fluctuations under common ***,reward or stress is a typical trigger for manic or depressive episodes of bipolar disorder(BD),which is corroborated by psychological theory,biological findings,and psychosocial treatment approaches[1,2].During an episode of BD,the affective aberration can be persistent and switchable,accompanied by opposite constellations of cognitive and psychomotor *** by uncontrollable mood ranging in severity,duration,and polarity,to disentangle the pathophysiology mechanism of BD is to delineate the mystery of affective fluctuations driven by reward or stress.

关键词： bipolar Transition finding

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Segmentation of coronary artery based on discriminative frequency learning and coronary-geometric refinement

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computers in Biology and Medicine 2024年 181卷 109045-109045页

作者： Jiang, Weili Li, Yiming Jia, Yuheng Feng, Yuan Yi, Zhang Wang, Jianyong Chen, Mao Machine Intelligence Laboratory College of Computer Science Sichuan University Sichuan Chengdu China Department of Cardiology West China Hospital Sichuan University Sichuan Chengdu China

Coronary artery segmentation is crucial for physicians to identify and locate plaques and stenosis using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). However, the low contrast of CCTA images and the intricate structures of coronary arteries make this task challenging. To address these difficulties, we propose a novel model, the DFS–PDS network. This network comprises two subnetworks: a discriminative frequency segment subnetwork (DFS) and a position domain scales subnetwork (PDS). DFS introduced a gated mechanism within the feed-forward network, leveraging the Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) compression algorithm, to discriminatively determine which low- and high-frequency information of the features should be preserved for latent image segmentation. The PDS aims to learn the shape prototype by predicting the radius. Additionally, our model has the consistent ability to guarantee region and boundary features through boundary consistency loss. During training, both subnetworks are optimized jointly, and in the testing stage, the coarse segmentation and radius prediction are produced. A coronary-geometric refinement method refines the segmentation masks by leveraging the shape prior to being reconstructed from the radius map, reducing the difficulty of segmenting coronary artery structures from complex surrounding structures. The DFS–PDS network is compared with state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods on two coronary artery datasets to evaluate its performance. The experimental results demonstrate that the DFS–PDS network performs better than the SOTA models, including Vnet, nnUnet, DDT, CS2-Net, Unetr, and CAS-Net, in terms of Dice or connectivity evaluation metrics. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Image segmentation

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DeepFake Videos Detection Based on Texture Features

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computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第7期68卷 1375-1388页

作者： Bozhi Xu Jiarui Liu Jifan Liang Wei Lu Yue Zhang School of Computer Science and Engineering Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Information Security TechnologyMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Machine Intelligence and Advanced ComputingSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou510006China Department of Computer Science University of Massachusetts LowellLowell01854MAUSA

In recent years,with the rapid development of deep learning technologies,some neural network models have been applied to generate fake ***,a deep learning based forgery technology,can tamper with the face easily and generate fake videos that are difficult to be distinguished by human *** spread of face manipulation videos is very easy to bring fake ***,it is important to develop effective detection methods to verify the authenticity of the *** to that it is still challenging for current forgery technologies to generate all facial details and the blending operations are used in the forgery process,the texture details of the fake face are ***,in this paper,a new method is proposed to detect DeepFake ***,the texture features are constructed,which are based on the gradient domain,standard deviation,gray level co-occurrence matrix and wavelet transform of the face ***,the features are processed by the feature selection method to form a discriminant feature vector,which is finally employed to SVM for classification at the frame *** experimental results on the mainstream DeepFake datasets demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve ideal performance,proving the effectiveness of the proposed method for DeepFake videos detection.

关键词： DeepFake video tampering tampering detection texture feature

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Anatomical-Functional Fusion Network for Lesion Segmentation Using Dual-View CEUS 9th

Anatomical-Functional Fusion Network for Lesion Segmentatio...

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19th International Conference on Advanced Data Mining and Applications, ADMA 2023

作者： Wan, Peng Liu, Chunrui Zhang, Daoqiang Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence Technology Ministry of Education College of Computer Science and Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing China Department of Ultrasound Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing China

ISBN: (纸本)9783031466632

Dual-view contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) has been widely applied in lesion detection and characterization due to the provided anatomical and functional information of lesions. Accurate delineation of lesion contour is important to assess lesion morphology and perfusion dynamics. Although the last decade has witnessed the unprecedented progress of deep learning methods in 2D ultrasound imaging segmentation, there are few attempts to discriminate tissue perfusion discrepancy using dynamic CEUS imaging. Combined with the side-by-side gray-scale US view, we propose a novel anatomical-functional fusion network (AFF-Net) to fuse complementary imaging characteristics from dual-view dynamic CEUS imaging. Towards a comprehensive characterization of lesions, our method mainly tackles with two challenges: 1) how to effectively represent and aggregate enhancement features of the dynamic CEUS view;2) how to efficiently fuse them with the morphology features of the US view. Correspondingly, we design the channel-wise perfusion (PE) gate and anatomical-functional fusion (AFF) module with the goal to exploit dynamic blood flow characteristics and perform layer-level fusion of the two modalities, respectively. The effectiveness of the AFF-Net method on lesion segmentation is validated on our collected thyroid nodule dataset with superior performance compared with existing methods. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Deep learning

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Transformative effects of ChatGPT on modern education: Emerging Era of AI Chatbots

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Internet of Things and Cyber-Physical Systems 2024年第1期4卷 19-23页

作者： Gill, Sukhpal Singh Xu, Minxian Patros, Panos Wu, Huaming Kaur, Rupinder Kaur, Kamalpreet Fuller, Stephanie Singh, Manmeet Arora, Priyansh Parlikad, Ajith Kumar Stankovski, Vlado Abraham, Ajith Ghosh, Soumya K. Lutfiyya, Hanan Kanhere, Salil S. Bahsoon, Rami Rana, Omer Dustdar, Schahram Sakellariou, Rizos Uhlig, Steve Buyya, Rajkumar School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China Raygun Performance Monitoring Wellington New Zealand Center for Applied Mathematics Tianjin University Tianjin China Department of Science Kings Education London United Kingdom Cymax Group Technologies BC Canada QM Academy Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom Jackson School of Geosciences University of Texas at Austin AustinTX United States Centre for Climate Change Research Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology Pune India Microsoft Hyderabad India Institute for Manufacturing Department of Engineering University of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom Faculty of Computer and Information Science University of Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia Machine Intelligence Research Labs AuburnWA United States Faculty of Computing and Data Science FLAME University Maharashtra Pune India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur India Department of Computer Science University of Western Ontario London Canada Sydney Australia School of Computer Science University of Birmingham United Kingdom School of Computer Science and Informatics Cardiff University Cardiff United Kingdom Distributed Systems Group Vienna University of Technology Vienna Austria Department of Computer Science University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester United Kingdom Laboratory School of Computing and Information Systems The University of Melbourne Australia

ChatGPT, an AI-based chatbot, offers coherent and useful replies based on analysis of large volumes of data. In this article, leading academics, scientists, distinguish researchers and engineers discuss the transformative effects of ChatGPT on modern education. This research discusses ChatGPT capabilities and its use in the education sector, identifies potential concerns and challenges. Our preliminary evaluation shows that ChatGPT perform differently in different subject areas including finance, coding, maths, and general public queries. While ChatGPT has the ability to help educators by creating instructional content, offering suggestions and acting as an online educator to learners by answering questions, transforming education through smartphones and IoT gadgets, and promoting group work, there are clear drawbacks in its use, such as the possibility of producing inaccurate or false data and circumventing duplicate content (plagiarism) detectors where originality is essential. The often reported "hallucinations" within GenerativeAI in general, and also relevant for ChatGPT, can render its use of limited benefit where accuracy is essential. What ChatGPT lacks is a stochastic measure to help provide sincere and sensitive communication with its users. Academic regulations and evaluation practices used in educational institutions need to be updated, should ChatGPT be used as a tool in education. To address the transformative effects of ChatGPT on the learning environment, educating teachers and students alike about its capabilities and limitations will be crucial. © 2023 The Authors

关键词： machine learning

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