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International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition

作者： Y. Raja S.J. McKenna Shaogang Gong Department of Computer Science Machine Vision Laboratory London UK

Colour cues were used to obtain robust detection and tracking of people in relatively unconstrained dynamic scenes. Gaussian mixture models were used to estimate probability densities of colour for skin, clothing and background. These models were used to detect, track and segment people, faces and hands. A technique for dynamically updating the models to accommodate changes in apparent colour due to varying lighting conditions was used. Two applications are highlighted: (1) actor segmentation for virtual studios, and (2) focus of attention for face and gesture recognition systems. A system implemented on a 200 MHz PC tracks multiple objects in real time.

关键词： Electrical capacitance tomography Histograms machine vision Face recognition Face detection Laboratories computer science Educational institutions Layout Clothing

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Topological dimensionality determination and dimensionality reduction based on minimum spanning trees

Topological dimensionality determination and dimensionality ...

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IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

作者： R. Oten R.J.P. de Figueiredo Laboratory for Machine Intelligence Vision and Neural Computing Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Irvine USA

In the design of multidimensional systems for the analysis of complex data, an intelligent reduction of the data dimensionality is needed to enable its efficient and accurate processing without much loss of information. The underlying data transformation process can be implemented by nonlinearly mapping the high-dimensional data space onto a low-dimensional feature space where the mapping preserves the topological structure of the transformed data in the feature space as much as possible. This method is often referred to as Multidimensional Scaling (MDS). This paper describes a new MDS approach for feature extraction purposes. It consists of a fast hierachical Minimal-Spanning-Tree-based method which minimizes the Sammon's criteria with a genetic algorithm. Results presented show that this new approach is promising for several applications.

关键词： Multidimensional systems machine intelligence Extraterrestrial measurements Laboratories computer vision Data engineering Design engineering Poles and towers Buildings Data analysis

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Pose alignment of an eye-in-hand system using image morphing

Pose alignment of an eye-in-hand system using image morphing

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IEEE International Workshop on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)

作者： R. Singh R.M. Voyles D. Littau N.P. Papanikolopoulos Artificial Intelligence Robotics and Vision Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA Artificial Intelligence Robotics and Vision Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA

Positioning an eye-in-hand robotic system with respect to a static target is a challenging research problem since it involves recognition of the object and the desired pose at which alignment is to occur, planning a trajectory for the robot to attain this pose, and careful calibration of the system and the environment. In this paper we introduce a unified framework based on image morphing, to address the above problems and apply it to the task of translational and rotational alignment of an eye-in-hand system to planar objects or planar projections of 3D objects. In our method the desired manipulator pose for each object is defined and stored as a view of the object taken from this pose. The identity of an unknown object in the workspace is established by morphing its image to the views in the database, and using a quantification of the morph as a dissimilarity measure. The synthetic images generated during the morph are used guide an eye-in-hand system to the desired pose. The framework can accommodate partially occluded or deformable targets and smooth trajectories can be generated since an arbitrary number of intermediate images can be used.

关键词： Calibration Robot vision systems Error correction Trajectory Artificial intelligence Intelligent robots Laboratories computer science Target recognition Image databases

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Object recognition using fuzzy modelling and fuzzy matching

Object recognition using fuzzy modelling and fuzzy matching

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IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE)

作者： R. Soodamani Z.Q. Liu Dept. of Comput. Sci. Melbourne Univ. Parkville Vic. Australia Computer Vision and Machine Intelligence Laboratory Department of Computer Science University of Melbourne Australia

In this paper, a new method is proposed for learning continuous valued features and mapping them into fuzzy concepts. Further, an efficient method of updating fuzzy evidences is proposed which enhances recognition of approximate shapes. The techniques are tested in a model based 3D object recognition system that employs a fuzzy Hough transform approach for global shape description.

关键词： Object recognition Fuzzy systems computer vision Shape Fuzzy reasoning Image databases Uncertainty System testing Image segmentation Spatial databases

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Generalized Hermite polynomials for image reconstruction from zero crossing contours

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IEEE International Conference on Image Processing

作者： Y.V. Venkatesh Computer Vision and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India

ISBN: (纸本)0818688211

Generalized Hermite polynomials in two variables are employed for the reconstruction of images from a knowledge of their zero crossing contours. The problem of reconstruction of signals as functions of two variables is not a mere extension of that of a single variable. This is a consequence of the fact that the spatial and spectral characteristics of two-variable functions are quite distinct from what one can expect from their separate projections on to the coordinate axes. One of the results of the paper is that we cannot guarantee uniqueness in reconstruction unless we impose certain constraints on, for instance, space-bandwidth products/ratios in the x/spl omega//sub x/, y/spl omega//sub y/ directions, of the unknown image. Further, a distinguishing feature of the proposed approach is that the standard assumption of bandlimitedness is not invoked. The proposed framework is believed to provide a more unified procedure for signal reconstruction (of uni- and multi-dimensional signals) from partial information than most of the results of the literature. For lack of space, only the main analytical and computational results are presented.

关键词： Polynomials Image reconstruction Filtering theory Image analysis Signal processing algorithms Geometry computer vision Artificial intelligence Laboratories Signal reconstruction

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Letter-level shape description by skeletonization in faded documents

Letter-level shape description by skeletonization in faded d...

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IEEE Workshop on Applications of computer vision (WACV)

作者： R. Singh M.C. Wade N.P. Papanikolopoulos Artificial Intelligence Robotics and Vision Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA

We present a method for determining the skeletal shape description for letters in texts faded due to ageing and/or poor ink quality. The proposed algorithm is interesting in that it neither involves assumptions about demarcation of object regions from the background, nor does it require pixel connectivity in the text regions. Consequently, it may be applied for obtaining the shape descriptions of "sparse" regions, which are characteristic of letters in faded documents. Given the pixel distribution for a letter or a word from a faded document, the method involves an iterative evolution of a piecewise-linear approximation of the principal curve of this pixel distribution. By constraining the principal curve to lie on the edges of the Delaunay triangulation of the shape distribution, the adjacency relationships between regions in the shape can be detected and used in evolving the skeleton. The approximation of the principal curve, on convergence, gives the final skeletal shape. The skeletonization is invariant to Euclidean transformations and is adaptive in terms of the topology of the underlying shape distribution as well as in the number of units needed for the piece-wise approximation of the principal curve.

关键词： Shape Skeleton Text analysis Degradation Aging Artificial intelligence Intelligent robots Robot vision systems Laboratories Ink

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Artificial potential field based robot navigation, dynamic constrained optimization and simple genetic hill-climbing

Artificial potential field based robot navigation, dynamic c...

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IEEE International Conference on Evolutionary Computation

作者： G. Dozier A. Homaifar S. Bryson L. Moore Department of Computer Science andEngineering Aubum University USA Center for Autonomous Control Engineering North Carolina Agriculture and Technical State University Greensboro NC USA Machine Intelligence Laboratory NC A&T State University Greensboro NC USA

The authors show a relationship between artificial potential field (APF) based motion planning/navigation and constrained optimization. They then present a simple genetic hill-climbing algorithm (SGHC) which is used to navigate a point robot through an environment using the APF approach. The motivation for the research is a robot that they are currently developing, named AGIE-3 (Autonomous Guided Intelligent Equipment 3), which senses and navigates through the use of a stereo vision head. They compare the SGHC with steepest descent hill-climbing (SDHC), using two environments. The first environment is composed of stationary obstacles while the second environment is composed of non-stationary obstacles. In SDHC, candidate moves are evaluated within a 360 degree radius and the best candidate is selected by the robot. One would think that the SGHC would be at a disadvantage; however, the performance of the SGHC is comparable with SDHC even though it does not search 360 degrees for candidate moves. The SGHC has an advantage in that it is capable of evolving the appropriate step size as well as the appropriate angle of movement.

关键词： Navigation Constraint optimization Robot sensing systems Stereo vision Robot vision systems Magnetic heads Genetics Intelligent robots NASA computer science

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Fuzzy neural network in case-based diagnostic system

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON FUZZY SYSTEMS 1997年第2期5卷 209-222页

作者： Liu, ZQ Yan, F Computer Vision and Machine Intelligence Laboratory Department of Computer Science University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia

Diagnosing electronic systems for symptoms supplied by customers is often difficult as human descriptions of symptoms are for the most part uncertain and ambiguous. As a result, traditional expert systems are not effective in providing reliable analysis, often require a large set of rules, and lack flexibility in terms of learning and modification, In this paper, we propose a fuzzy logic-based neural network (FLBN) to develop a case-based system for diagnosing symptoms in electronic systems, We demonstrate through data obtained from a real call-log database that the FLBN is able to perform fuzzy AND/OR logic rules and to learn from samples, Such a system is simple to develop and can achieve the performance similar to that of the human expert.

关键词： expert systems fuzzy control neural network

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Structured image retrieval

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JOURNAL OF VISUAL LANGUAGES AND COMPUTING 1997年第3期8卷 333-357页

作者： Liu, ZQ Sun, JP Computer Vision and Machine Intelligence Lab. (CVMIL) Department of Computer Science University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia[f1]

Most image-retrieval systems rely on similarity measures for collecting images of similar types. Similarity measures are an integral part in the development of image management systems. In this paper, we propose frame-based similarity measures for accessing structured images, e.g. images can be understood by inferring from objects present and the relationships among them. The image content is described in the following ways: (1) adjacency blocks and/or (2) unary and binary attributes that are used to fill frame slots for representing image structures. The retrieval is based on similarity measures by comparing the contents of the query image and database image. The frame-based representation scheme is application-independent. Our similarity measures allow for images to be retrieved with different degrees of similarity and are flexible. We have developed a prototype system using the paradigms proposed. We demonstrate the usefulness of our system with some experimental results. (C) 1997 Academic Press Limited.

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Robust pitch detection of speech signals using steerable filters

Robust pitch detection of speech signals using steerable fil...

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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： Jinhai Cai Zhi-Qiang Liu Computer Vision and Machine Intelligence Laboratory Department of Computer Science University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia

ISBN: (纸本)0818679190

Most of the well known and widely used pitch determination algorithms are frame-based. They only consider the speech local stationarity within the analysis frame. However, our novel pitch determination algorithms employ steerable filters to obtain the direction of pitch change. Therefore, the proposed algorithms not only make full use of the information within an analysis frame, but also optimally utilize the information from neighbor frames by taking the advantage of the pitch direction. This allows us to use more than one frame to enhance pitch peaks for non-stationary, noisy speech signals. As a result, the proposed algorithms are superior to conventional methods in term of accuracy and reliability, and is robust to noise. Besides, the direction of pitch change can be estimated in different domains. Therefore, our algorithms can be applied in either time or frequency domain, or both of them.

关键词： Signal detection Gabor filters Speech enhancement Band pass filters computer vision Speech analysis Algorithm design and analysis Noise robustness Frequency estimation Speech processing

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