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IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2025年

作者： Jain, Akshay Dubey, Shiv Ram Singh, Satish Kumar Santosh, K.C. Chaudhuri, Bidyut Baran Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad Computer Vision and Biometrics Lab Department of Information Technology Uttar Pradesh Prayagraj211015 India University of South Dakota AI Research Lab Department of Computer Science VermillionSD57069 United States Indian Statistical Institute Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Unit Kolkata700108 India

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have made remarkable strides;however, they remain susceptible to vulnerabilities, particularly to image perturbations that humans can easily recognize. This weakness, often termed as 'attacks,' underscores the limited robustness of CNNs and the need for research into fortifying their resistance against such manipulations. This study introduces a novel Non-Uniform Illumination (NUI) attack technique, where images are subtly altered using varying NUI masks. Extensive experiments are conducted on widely-accepted datasets including CIFAR10, TinyImageNet, CalTech256 and NWPU-RESISC45 focusing on image classification with 12 different NUI masks. The resilience of VGG, ResNet, MobilenetV3-small, InceptionV3 and efficientNet b0 models against NUI attacks are evaluated. Our results show a substantial decline in the CNN models' classification accuracy when subjected to NUI attacks, due to changes in the image pixel value distribution, indicating their vulnerability under non-uniform illumination. To mitigate this, a defense strategy is proposed, including NUI-attacked images, generated through the new NUI transformation, into the training set. The results demonstrate a significant enhancement in CNN model performance when confronted with perturbed images affected by NUI attacks. This strategy seeks to bolster CNN models' resilience against NUI attacks. A comparative study with other attack techniques shows the effectiveness of the NUI attack and defense technique. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Probing Attention-Driven Normalizing Flow Network for Low-Light Image Enhancement 27th

Probing Attention-Driven Normalizing Flow Network for Low-L...

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27th International Conference on pattern recognition, ICPR 2024

作者： Singh, Siddharth Mehta, Nancy Prakash, K.N. Vipparthi, Santosh Kumar Murala, Subrahmanyam CVPR Lab Indian Institute of Technology Ropar Rupnagar India Vision Lab CAIDAS & IFI University of Wuerzburg Würzburg Germany SR Gudlavalleru Engineering College Vijayawada India CVPR Lab School of Computer Science and Statistics Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland

ISBN: (纸本)9783031781247

Existing low-light image enhancement approaches based upon pixel-wise reconstruction losses are inadept at capturing the complex distribution of well-exposed images, resulting in residual noise, insufficient illuminance, and artifacts. Additionally, the mapping relationship between weakly-illuminated and normally exposed images is one-to-many, making low-light image enhancement a vastly ill-posed problem. In this work, we probe into this one-to-many relationship via an attention and frequency driven normalizing flow network by minimizing the negative log-likelihood loss. The proposed model comprises of two parts: a dual-attention-oriented frequency encoder network and an invertible network which inputs the conditional low-light images and changes the mapping of the complex distribution of well-light images to simpler Gaussian distribution. The proposed model not only utilizes the spatial information inherent in the image for improving the contrast but also extracts the frequency information for preserving the intricate details. To sum up, the distribution of the well-exposed images can be characterized better, and the overall enhancement mechanism becomes analogous to being restrained by a loss function which defines the manifold structure of natural images during the training. Detailed experiment analysis on a variety of challenging low-light images exemplifies the potency of the model and shows its primacy over the state-of-the-art in terms of enhanced quality and efficiency. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Mapping

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Blind Image Inpainting via Omni-dimensional Gated Attention and Wavelet Queries

Blind Image Inpainting via Omni-dimensional Gated Attention ...

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2023 IEEE/CVF Conference on computer vision and pattern recognition Workshops, CVPRW 2023

作者： Phutke, Shruti S. Kulkarni, Ashutosh Vipparthi, Santosh Kumar Murala, Subrahmanyam Indian Institute of Technology Ropar Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Lab Punjab Rupnagar India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350302493

Blind image inpainting is a crucial restoration task that does not demand additional mask information to restore the corrupted regions. Yet, it is a very less explored research area due to the difficulty in discriminating between corrupted and valid regions. There exist very few approaches for blind image inpainting which sometimes fail at producing plausible inpainted images. Since they follow a common practice of predicting the corrupted regions and then inpaint them. To skip the corrupted region prediction step and obtain better results, in this work, we propose a novel end-to-end architecture for blind image inpainting consisting of wavelet query multi-head attention transformer block and the omni-dimensional gated attention. The proposed wavelet query multi-head attention in the transformer block provides encoder features via processed wavelet coefficients as query to the multi-head attention. Further, the proposed omni-dimensional gated attention effectively provides all dimensional attentive features from the encoder to the respective decoder. Our proposed approach is compared numerically and visually with existing state-of-the-art methods for blind image inpainting on different standard datasets. The comparative and ablation studies prove the effectiveness of the proposed approach for blind image inpainting. The testing code is available at : https://***/shrutiphutke/Blind-Omni-Wav-Net © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Restoration

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TSNet: Deep Network for Human Action recognition in Hazy Videos

TSNet: Deep Network for Human Action Recognition in Hazy Vid...

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2018 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, SMC 2018

作者： Chaudhary, Sachin Murala, Subrahmanyam Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Lab Depatment of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Ropar India

ISBN: (纸本)9781538666500

The all-weather intelligent surveillance system is the prime challenge for computer vision researchers. The surveillance is mostly done to analyze the human activity in a particular region. Several extreme weather conditions like rain, snow, haze, fog etc. halts the surveillance process and thus decreases the reliability of the surveillance system. Here, an attempt is made to tackle one of these weather situation i.e. haze in case of surveillance. Haze distorts the quality of images and videos captured by camera. Due to poor quality, it is difficult to analyze the haze degraded video for the human activities using the existing state-of-the-art methods for human action recognition (HAR). Therefore, in this paper, a new two level saliency based end-to-end network (TSNet) for HAR in hazy videos is proposed. De-hazing approaches given in [1]-[9] have certain limitations and therefore we fine-tuned the de-hazing network given in [10] for HAR. The concept of rank pooling given in [11] is further utilized to efficiently represent the temporal saliency of the video. The transmission map information is utilized here to fix the spatial saliency in each frame. As currently, there is no dataset available for HAR in hazy video, here a new dataset of hazy video is generated from two benchmark datasets namely HMDB51 [12] and UCF101 [13] by adding synthetic haze. The existing methods for HAR proposed in [11], [14], [15] are applied and compared with the proposed method on proposed hazy-HMDB51 and hazy-UCF101. The proposed method clearly outperforms the above mentioned methods in terms of average recognition rate (ARR). © 2018 IEEE.

关键词： Monitoring

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Varicolored Image De-Hazing

Varicolored Image De-Hazing

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Conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Akshay Dudhane Kuldeep M. Biradar Prashant W. Patil Praful Hambarde Subrahmanyam Murala Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Lab Indian Institute of Technology Ropar INDIA Indian Institute of Technology Ropar Ropar India

ISBN: (数字)9781728171685

ISBN: (纸本)9781728171692

The quality of images captured in bad weather is often affected by chromatic casts and low visibility due to the presence of atmospheric particles. Restoration of the color balance is often ignored in most of the existing image de-hazing methods. In this paper, we propose a varicolored end-to-end image de-hazing network which restores the color balance in a given varicolored hazy image and recovers the haze-free image. The proposed network comprises of 1) Haze color correction (HCC) module and 2) Visibility improvement (VI) module. The proposed HCC module provides required attention to each color channel and generates a color balanced hazy image. While the proposed VI module processes the color balanced hazy image through novel inception attention block to recover the haze-free image. We also propose a novel approach to generate a large-scale varicolored synthetic hazy image database. An ablation study has been carried out to demonstrate the effect of different factors on the performance of the proposed network for image de-hazing. Three benchmark synthetic datasets have been used for quantitative analysis of the proposed network. Visual results on a set of real-world hazy images captured in different weather conditions demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach for varicolored image de-hazing.

关键词： Image color analysis Atmospheric modeling Image restoration Meteorology Scattering Feature extraction Generators

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Blind Image Inpainting via Omni-dimensional Gated Attention and Wavelet Queries

Blind Image Inpainting via Omni-dimensional Gated Attention ...

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IEEE computer Society Conference on computer vision and pattern recognition Workshops (CVPRW)

作者： Shruti S. Phutke Ashutosh Kulkarni Santosh Kumar Vipparthi Subrahmanyam Murala Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Lab Indian Institute of Technology Ropar Rupnagar Punjab

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LEDNet: Deep Network for Single Image Haze Removal 2018

LEDNet: Deep Network for Single Image Haze Removal

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Proceedings of the 11th indian Conference on computer vision, Graphics and Image Processing

作者： Akshay Dudhane Subrahmanyam Murala Abhinav Dhall Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Lab Indian Institute of Technology Ropar India Learning Affect and Semantic Image Analysis Group Indian Institute of Technology Ropar India

ISBN: (纸本)9781450366151

Haze during the bad weather, degrades the visibility of the scene drastically. Degradation of scene visibility varies with respect to the transmission coefficient/map (Tc) of the scene. Estimation of accurate Tc is key step to reconstruct the haze free scene. Previously, local as well as global priors were proposed to estimate the Tc. We, on the other hand, propose integration of local and global approaches to learn both point level and object level Tc. The proposed local encoder decoder network (LEDNet) estimates the scene transmission map in two stages. During first stage, network estimates the point level Tc using parallel convolutional filters and spatial invariance filtering. The second stage comprises of a two level encoder-decoder architecture which anticipates the object level Tc. We also propose, local air-light estimation (LAE) algorithm, which is able to obtain the air-light component of the outdoor scene. Combination of LEDNet and LAE improves the accuracy of haze model to recover the scene radiance. Structural similarity index, mean square error and peak signal to noise ratio are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach for single image haze removal. Experiments on benchmark datasets show that LEDNet outperforms the existing state-of-the-art methods for single image haze removal.

关键词： Haze removal transmission map CNN

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Symmetry features for license plate classification

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CAAI Transactions on Intelligence technology 2018年第3期3卷 176-183页

作者： Karpuravalli Srinivas Raghunandan Palaiahnakote Shivakumara Lolika Padmanabhan Govindaraju Hemantha Kumar Tong Lu Umapada Pal Department of Studies in Computer Science University of Mysore Karnataka India Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia PES Institute of Technology Bangalore Karnataka India National Key Lab for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University Nanjing People's Republic of China Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Unit Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata India

Achieving high recognition rate for license plate images is challenging due to multi-type images. We present new symmetry features based on stroke width for classifying each input license image as private, taxi, cursive text, when they expand the symbols by writing and non-text such that an appropriate optical character recognition （OCR） can be chosen for enhancing recognition performance. The proposed method explores gradient vector flow （GVF） for defining symmetry features, namely, GVF opposite direction, stroke width distance, and stroke pixel direction. Stroke pixels in Canny and Sobel which satisfy the above symmetry features are called local candidate stroke pixels. Common stroke pixels of the local candidate stroke pixels are considered as the global candidate stroke pixels. Spatial distribution of stroke pixels in local and global symmetry are explored by generating a weighted proximity matrix to extract statistical features, namely, mean, standard deviation, median and standard deviation with respect the median. The feature matrix is finally fed to an support vector machine （SVM） classifier for classification. Experimental results on large datasets for classification show that the proposed method outperforms the existing methods. The usefulness and effectiveness of the proposed classification is demonstrated by conducting recognition experiments before and after classification.

关键词：车牌图像图像识别识别技术计算机技术

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New texture-spatial features for keyword spotting in video images 3

New texture-spatial features for keyword spotting in video i...

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3rd IAPR Asian Conference on pattern recognition, ACPR 2015

作者： Shivakumara, Palaiahnakote Liang, Guozhu Roy, Sangheeta Pal, Umapada Lu, Tong Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia National Key Lab for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University Nanjing China Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Unit Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata India

ISBN: (纸本)9781479961009

Keyword spotting in video document images is challenging due to low resolution and complex background of video images. We propose the combination of Texture-Spatial-Features (TSF) for keyword spotting in video images without recognizing them. First, a segmentation method extracts words from text lines in each video image. Then we propose the set of texture features for identifying text candidates in the word image with the help of k-means clustering. The proposed method finds proximity between text candidates to study the spatial arrangement of pixels that result in feature vectors for spotting words in the input frame. The proposed method is evaluated on word images of different fonts, contrasts, backgrounds and font sizes, which are chosen from standard databases such as ICDAR 2013 video and our video data. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the existing method in terms of recall, precision and f-measure. © 2015 IEEE.

关键词： Image segmentation

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ARNET: ACTIVE-REFERENCE NETWORK FOR FEW-SHOT IMAGE SEMANTIC SEGMENTATION

ARNET: ACTIVE-REFERENCE NETWORK FOR FEW-SHOT IMAGE SEMANTIC ...

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2021 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, ICME 2021

作者： Shi, Guangchen Wu, Yirui Palaiahnakote, Shivakumara Pal, Umapada Lu, Tong College of Computer and Information Hohai University China Department of Computer System and Information Technology University of Malaya Malaysia Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Unit Indian Statistical Institute India National Key Lab for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665438643

To make predictions on unseen classes, few-shot segmentation becomes a research focus recently. However, most methods build on pixel-level annotation requiring quantity of manual work. Moreover, inherent information on same-category objects to guide segmentation could have large diversity in feature representation due to differences in size, appearance, layout, and so on. To tackle these problems, we present an active-reference network (ARNet) for few-shot segmentation. The proposed active-reference mechanism not only supports accurately co-occurrent objects in either support or query images, but also relaxes high constraint on pixel-level labeling, allowing for weakly boundary labeling. To extract more intrinsic feature representation, a category-modulation module (CMM) is further applied to fuse features extracted from multiple support images, thus forgetting useless and enhancing contributive information. Experiments on PASCAL-5i dataset show the proposed method achieves a m-IOU score of 56.5% for 1-shot and 59.8% for 5-shot segmentation, being 0.5% and 1.3% higher than current state-of-the-art method. © 2021 IEEE

关键词： Semantic Segmentation

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