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International Conference on Document Analysis and recognition

作者： Alireza Alaei P. Nagabhushan Umapada Pal Department of Studies in Computer Science University of Mysore Mysore India Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Unit Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata India

Research towards Indian handwritten document analysis achieved increasing attention in recent years. In pattern recognition and especially in handwritten document recognition, standard databases play vital roles for evaluating performances of algorithms and comparing results obtained by different groups of researchers. For Indian languages, there is a lack of standard database of handwritten texts to evaluate performance of different document recognition approaches and for comparison purpose. In this paper, an unconstrained Kannada handwritten text database (KHTD) is introduced. The KHTD contains 204 handwritten documents of four different categories written by 51 native speakers of Kannada. Total number of text-lines and words in the dataset are 4298 and 26115, respectively. In most of text-pages of the KHTD contains either an overlapping or a touching text-lines and the average number of text-lines in each document on the database is 21. Two types of ground truths based on pixels information and content information are generated for the database. Providing these two types of ground truths for the KHTD, it can be utilized in many areas of document image processing such as sentence recognition/understanding, text-line segmentation, word segmentation, word recognition, and character segmentation. To provide a framework for other researches, recent text-line segmentation results on this dataset are also reported. The KHTD is available for research purposes.

关键词： Databases Image segmentation Handwriting recognition Character recognition Training Testing

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One-Shot Learning-Based Handwritten Word recognition 5th

One-Shot Learning-Based Handwritten Word Recognition

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5th Asian Conference on pattern recognition, ACPR 2019

作者： Chakrapani Gv, Asish Chanda, Sukalpa Pal, Umapada Doermann, David Electronics and Communication Department Manipal University Jaipur Jaipur India Centre for Image Analysis Department of Information Technology Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Unit Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata India University at Buffalo SUNY Buffalo United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783030412982

One-Shot and Few-shot Learning algorithms have emerged as techniques that can imitate a humans ability to learn from very few examples. This is an advantage over traditional deep networks which require a lot of training samples and lack of robustness due to their excessive domain specific discriminators. In this paper, we explore a one-shot learning approach to recognizing handwritten words using Siamese networks to classify the handwritten images at the word level. The Siamese network’s ability to compute similarities between two images is learned using a supervised metric but the fully trained Siamese network can be used to classify new data that has previously not been used to train the network. The model learns to discriminate inputs from a small labelled support set. By using a convolutional architecture we were able to achieve robust results. We also expect that training the system over a larger distributions of data will result in improved general handwritten word classification. Accuracy as high as 92.4% was obtained while performing 5-way one-shot word recognition on a publicly available dataset which is quite high in comparison to the state-of-the-art methods. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Image classification

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Exploiting multi-scale fusion, spatial attention and patch interaction techniques for text-independent writer identification

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Srivastava, Abhishek Chanda, Sukalpa Pal, Umapada Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition Unit Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata India Department of Computer Science and Communication Østfold University College Halden Norway

Text independent writer identification is a challenging problem that differentiates between different handwriting styles to decide the author of the handwritten text. Earlier writer identification relied on handcrafted features to reveal pieces of differences between writers. Recent work with the advent of convolutional neural network, deep learning-based methods have evolved. In this paper, three different deep learning techniques - spatial attention mechanism, multi-scale feature fusion and patch-based CNN were proposed to effectively capture the difference between each writer's handwriting. Our methods are based on the hypothesis that handwritten text images have specific spatial regions which are more unique to a writer's style, multi-scale features propagate characteristic features with respect to individual writers and patch-based features give more general and robust representations that helps to discriminate handwriting from different writers. The proposed methods outperforms various state-of-the-art methodologies on word-level and page-level writer identification methods on three publicly available datasets - CVL, Firemaker, CERUG-EN datasets and give comparable performance on the IAM dataset. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Page layout analyser for multilingual Indian documents

Page layout analyser for multilingual Indian documents

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Language Engineering Conference

作者： A.R. Chaudhuri A.K. Mandal B.B. Chaudhuri Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Unit Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata India Electronics and Communication Sciences Unit Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata India

An advanced Optical Character recognition (OCR) system is equipped with the module of the page layout analyser. It separates textual zones from non-textual zones. It identifies textual blocks from multicolumn documents and groups them into homogenous regions in terms of geometric shape and spatial distribution. All existing OCR modules developed for various Indian scripts can handle text only single-column documents. In this paper, a page, layout analyser that uses typical common features present in most of the Indian scripts is introduced. A simple compatibility criterion that allows various degrees of homogeneity is defined. The page-analyser is robust in the sense that it can distinguish text regions from non-textual entities such as images, rulers, and noisy signals due to smudges and poor quality of the paper. Test results are shown in two most popular Indian Scripts, Devnagari (Hindi) and Bangla.

关键词： Optical character recognition software Geometrical optics Optical sensors Character recognition Shape Robustness Testing

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Fast and efficent multimodal eye biometrics using projective dictionary pair learning

Fast and efficent multimodal eye biometrics using projective...

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2016 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, CEC 2016

作者： Das, Abhijit Mondal, Prabir Pal, Umapada Ferrer, Miguel Angel Blumenstein, Michael Institute for Integrated and Intelligent Systems Griffith University QLD Australia Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Unit Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata India IDeTIC University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Las Palmas Spain School of Software University of Technology Sydney Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9781509006229

This work proposes a projective pairwise dictionary learning-based approach for fast and efficient multimodal eye biometrics. The work uses a faster Projective pairwise Discriminative Dictionary Learning (DL) in contrast to the traditional DL which uses synthesis DL. Projective Pairwise Discriminative Dictionary (PPDD) uses a synthesis dictionary and an analysis dictionary jointly to achieve the goal of pattern representation and discrimination. As the PPDD process of DL is in contrast to the use of l0 or l1-norm sparsity constraints on the representation coefficients adopted in most traditional DL, it works faster than other DL. Moreover, the blending of synthesis dictionary and an analysis dictionary also enhance the feature representation of the complex eye patterns. We employed the combination of sclera and iris traits to establish multimodal biometrics. The experimental study and analysis conducted fulfill the hypothesis we considered. In this work we employed a part of the UBIRIS version 1 dataset to conduct the experiments. © 2016 IEEE.

关键词： Biometrics

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Convolutional Neural Networks Exploiting Attributes of Biological Neurons

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Singh, Neeraj Kumar Pal, Nikhil R. Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Unit Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata India Electronics and Communication Sciences Unit Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata India

In this era of artificial intelligence, deep neural networks like Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have emerged as front-runners, often surpassing human capabilities. These deep networks are often perceived as the panacea for all challenges. Unfortunately, a common downside of these networks is their"black-box" character, which does not necessarily mirror the operation of biological neural systems. Some even have millions/billions of learnable (tunable) parameters, and their training demands extensive data and time. Here, we integrate the principles of biological neurons in certain layer(s) of CNNs. Specifically, we explore the use of neuro-science-inspired computational models of the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN) and simple cells of the primary visual cortex. By leveraging such models, we aim to extract image features to use as input to CNNs, hoping to enhance training efficiency and achieve better accuracy. We aspire to enable shallow networks with a Push-Pull Combination of Receptive Fields (PP-CORF) model of simple cells as the foundation layer of CNNs to enhance their learning process and performance. To achieve this, we propose a two-tower CNN, one shallow tower and the other as ResNet 18. Rather than extracting the features blindly, it seeks to mimic how the brain perceives and extracts features. The proposed system exhibits a noticeable improvement in the performance (on an average of 5% − 10%) on CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, and ImageNet-100 datasets compared to ResNet-18. We also check the efficiency of only the Push-Pull tower of the network. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Age estimation using disconnectedness features in handwriting 15

Age estimation using disconnectedness features in handwritin...

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15th IAPR International Conference on Document Analysis and recognition, ICDAR 2019

作者： Basavaraja, V. Shivakumara, Palaiahnakote Guru, D.S. Pal, Umapada Lu, Tong Blumenstein, Michael Department of Studies in Computer Science University of Mysore Mysore Karnataka India Faculty of Computer System and Information Technology University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Unit Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata India National Key Lab for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University Nanjing China University of Technology Sydney Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9781728128610

Real-time applications of handwriting analysis have increased drastically in the fields of forensic and information security because of accurate cues. One of such applications is human age estimation based on handwriting for the purpose of immigrant checking. In this paper, we have proposed a new method for age estimation using handwriting analysis using Hu invariant moments and disconnectedness features. To make the proposed method robust to both ruled and un-ruled documents, we propose to explore intersection point detection in Canny edge images of each input document, which results in text components. For each text component pair, we propose Hu invariant moments for extracting disconnectedness features, which in fact measure multi-shape components based on distance, shape and mutual position analysis of components. Furthermore, iterative k-means clustering is proposed for the classification of different age groups. Experimental results on our dataset and some standard datasets, namely, IAM and KHATT, show that the proposed method is effective and outperforms the state-of-the-art methods. © 2019 IEEE.

关键词： Security of data

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A limitation of V-matrix based methods

arXiv

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Gauraha, Niharika Chaturvedi, Akshay Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Unit Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata India

To estimate the conditional probability functions based on the direct problem setting, V-matrix based method was proposed. We construct V-matrix based constrained quadratic programming problems for which the inequality constraints are inconsistent. In particular, we would like to present that the constrained quadratic optimization problem for conditional probability estimation using V-matrix method may not have a consistent solution always. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Constrained optimization

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Font identification — In context of an Indic script

Font identification — In context of an Indic script

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International Conference on pattern recognition

作者： Sukalpa Chanda Umapada Pal Katrin Franke Department of Computer Science and Media Technology Gjøvik University College Norway Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Unit Indian Statistical Institute India

ISBN: (纸本)9781467322164

Font can be used as a notion of similarity amongst multiple documents written in same script. We could automatically retrieve document images with specific font from a huge digital document repository. So Optical Font recognition could be a useful pre-processing step in an automated questioned document analysis system for sorting documents with similar fonts. We propose a scheme to identify 10 different fonts for an Indic script (Bangla). Curvature-based features are extracted from segmented characters and are fed to a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. The classifier determines the font type for each segmented character obtained from a document. Later, font identification for that document is executed on the basis of majority voting amongst 10 different fonts for all characters. Using a Multiple Kernel SVM classifier we obtained 98.5% accuracy from 400 test documents (40 documents for each font type).

关键词： Support vector machines Kernel Accuracy Feature extraction Training Image segmentation pattern recognition

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An efficient line segmentation approach for handwritten Bangla document image

An efficient line segmentation approach for handwritten Bang...

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International Conference on Advances in pattern recognition (ICAPR)

作者： K. Mullick S. Banerjee U. Bhattacharya Department of Computer Science and Engineering Heritage Institute of Technology Kolkata India Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition Unit Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata India

Text line segmentation plays a vital role in the overall performance of a document recognition system. In the literature, similar segmentation works for offline handwritten Bangla documents are rarely found. On the other hand, certain peculiarities of handwritten Bangla script such as widespread occurrences of ascenders and descenders or some of its characters appearing only as an ascender or descender often cause unique difficulties to this segmentation task. Existence of connected components over a number of successive text lines is a common phenomenon in unconstrained handwritten Bangla documents. In this article, we propose a novel and efficient approach for text line segmentation where initially, we smudge the input document image, to blur-out white spaces between words, while preserving gaps between consecutive lines. Next, we obtain an initial segmentation scheme by shredding the image based on the white most pixels in between consecutive smudged lines. Multi-line connected components have been taken care of by thinning, and then finding the most probable point of separation in the component. Combining it with the initial segmentation, we obtain the final output. The proposed approach has been evaluated on ICDAR 2013 Handwriting Segmentation Contest dataset of Bangla. The segmentation results show the efficiency of the proposed approach.

关键词： Image segmentation Junctions Image color analysis Estimation Transforms Handwriting recognition Frequency modulation

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