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A computer vision system for monitoring the energy efficiency of intermodal trains

A computer vision system for monitoring the energy efficienc...

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作者： Lai, Yung-Cheng Ahuja, Narendra Barkan, Christopher P. L. Drapa, Joseph Hart, John M. Milhon, Larry Railroad Engineering Program University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign IL United States Computer Vision and Robotics Lab. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign IL United States BNSF Railway Fort Worth TX United States

ISBN: (纸本)0791842037

Intermodal trains are typically the fastest trains operated by North American freight railroads. It is thus ironic that these trains tend to have the poorest aerodynamic characteristics. Because of constraints imposed by equipment design and diversity, there are often large gaps between intermodal loads and these trains incur greater aerodynamic penalties and increased fuel consumption compared to other trains. We conducted train energy analyses of the most common intermodal train configurations operated in North America. It was found that matching intermodal loads with cars of appropriate length reduces the gap length thereby improving airflow. Properly matching cars with loads also avoids use of cars that are longer and thus heavier than necessary. For double stack containers on well cars, train resistance may be reduced by as much as 9% and fuel savings by 0.52 gallon per mile per train. Proper loading of intermodal trains is therefore important to improving energy efficiency. We have developed a wayside machine vision system that automatically scans passing trains and assesses the aerodynamic efficiency of the loading pattern. Machine vision algorithms are used to analyze these images and detect and measure gaps between loads and develop a quantitative index of the loading efficiency of the train. Integration of this metric that we call "slot efficiency" can provide intermodal terminal mangers feedback on loading performance for trains and be integrated into the software support systems used for loading assignment. Copyright © 2006 by ASME.

关键词： Energy efficiency

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Viewpoint independent human motion analysis in man-made environments

Viewpoint independent human motion analysis in man-made envi...

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2006 17th British Machine vision Conference, BMVC 2006

作者： Rogez, G. Guerrero, J.J. Martínez, J. Orrite, C. Computer Vision Lab. I3A - University of Zaragoza Maria de Luna 1 50018 Zaragoza Spain Robotics Perception and Real Time Group I3A - University of Zaragoza Maria de Luna 1 50018 Zaragoza Spain

ISBN: (纸本)1904410146

This work addresses the problem of human motion analysis in video sequences of a scene observed by a single fixed camera with high perspective effect. The goal of this work is to make a 2D-Model (made of Shape and Stick figure) viewpoint-insensitive and preprocess the input image for removing the perspective effect. We focus our methodology on using the 3D principal directions of man-made environments and also the direction of motion to transform both 2D-Model and input images to a common frontal view (parallel or orthogonal to the direction of motion) before the fitting process. The inverse transformation is then performed on the resulting human features obtaining a segmented silhouette and a pose estimation in the original input image. Preliminary results are very promising since the proposed algorithm is able to locate head and feet with a better precision than previous one.

关键词： Motion analysis

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Dichromatic-based color constancy using dichromatic slope and dichromatic line space

Dichromatic-based color constancy using dichromatic slope an...

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IEEE International Conference on Image Processing 2005, ICIP 2005

作者： Yoon, Kuk-Jin Choi, Yoo Jin Kweon, In-So Robotics and Computer Vision Lab. Dept. of EECS KAIST Korea Republic of Mobile Multimedia Lab. LG Electronics Institute of Technology

ISBN: (纸本)0780391349

In this paper, we present a new dichromatic-based method for estimating illuminant chromaticity using a single image. In the proposed method, specular pixels are roughly extracted from an input image and projected into the three-dimensional dichromatic line space according to their image chromaticities and dichromatic slopes. Reliable dichromatic lines are then obtained by detecting local maxima in the dichromatic line space. Illuminant chromaticity is finally estimated by finding the intersections of the resulting dichromatic lines. The proposed method has some advantages. The proposed method can deal with highly textured images since it does not require precise color segmentation. In addition, the proposed method does not suffer from nearly parallel dichromatic lines and it can estimate artificial illuminant chromaticity. © 2005 IEEE.

关键词： Image analysis

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Enhancement for face video from omni-directional video camera

Enhancement for face video from omni-directional video camer...

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Conference Record of the Thirty-Eighth Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and computers

作者： Wu, Junwen Trivedi, Mohan M. Computer Vision and Robotics Research Lab ECE Department UC San Diego San Diego CA 92093 United States

In this paper we propose a novel algorithm to enhance the face video from omni-directional video camera. A two-stage strategy is used. First stage is the noise elimination, realized by iterative MAP update. Naive Bayesian criterion is used to model the posterior. The predominant salt and pepper noise introduced by the omni-to-perspective transformation can be removed effectively, while the image details are well-preserved. The high frequency component compensation (HFCC) super-resolution algorithm is applied thereafter to remove the blocky effect. Experimental results show that the video quality has a marked improvement. © 2004 IEEE.

关键词： Image enhancement

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Enhancement for face video from omni-directional video camera

Enhancement for face video from omni-directional video camer...

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Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems & computers

作者： Junwen Wu M.M. Trivedi Computer Vision and Robotics Research lab ECE Department University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA

In this paper we propose a novel algorithm to enhance the face video from omni-directional video camera. A two-stage strategy is used. First stage is the noise elimination, realized by iterative MAP update. Naive Bayesian criterion is used to model the posterior. The predominant salt and pepper noise introduced by the omni-to-perspective transformation can be removed effectively, while the image details are well preserved. The high frequency component compensation (HFCC) super-resolution algorithm is applied thereafter to remove the blocky effect. Experimental results show that the video quality has a marked improvement.

关键词： Cameras Iterative algorithms Statistics Robot vision systems Bayesian methods Face detection Image resolution Image enhancement Streaming media Image segmentation

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Fast correspondence-based system for 2-D shape classification

Fast correspondence-based system for 2-D shape classificatio...

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Proceedings of the International Conference on Imaging Science, Systems and Technology, CISST'03

作者： Super, Boaz J. Computer Vision and Robotics Lab. Computer Science Department University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL United States

In earlier work, we developed a fast method for 2-D shape retrieval based on point correspondences of silhouette contours. That method did not assume that the database shapes had class labels. If class label information is added, then the shape retrieval system can be used for 2-D shape classification. This paper explores this application, by extending our prior shape retrieval method to make use of class labels, and then evaluating its classification accuracy on a large test database containing 70 object classes. The results show that the method is both highly accurate (96.5-99.6%) and fast (< 1 second).

关键词： Image analysis

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Generalization accuracy of a fast 2-D shape retrieval method

Generalization accuracy of a fast 2-D shape retrieval method

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Proceedings of the International Conference on Imaging Science, Systems and Technology, CISST'03

作者： Super, Boaz J. Computer Vision and Robotics Lab. Computer Science Department University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL United States

In recent work, we presented a correspondence-based approach for real-time retrieval from databases of 2-D shapes. The system performs with high speed and accuracy relative to other published systems as measured on a widely used benchmark dataset. In this paper, we test the generalization accuracy of the approach;i.e., its ability to correctly retrieve shapes from a shape database when the query shapes are not contained in the database. The experimental results show that the system's accuracy on novel inputs is nearly as high as its accuracy on shapes that are already contained in the database, demonstrating that the approach has good generalization accuracy. This result provides additional support for the use of the proposed approach for shape retrieval and object recognition applications.

关键词： Image retrieval

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Using intrinsic images for shadow handling 5

Using intrinsic images for shadow handling

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5th IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, ITSC 2002

作者： Martin, Robert F.K. Masoud, Osama Papanikolopoulos, Nikolaos Department of Computer Science and Engineering Artificial Intelligence Vision and Robotics Lab University of Minnesota United States

ISBN: (纸本)0780373898

The ability to detect shadows Is a critical feature of any Intelligent transportation system (ITS). The Improper handling of shadows can be the cause of erroneous conclusions in traffic analysis. Because vision-based ITS applications are becoming more popular, It la Important to minimize the fillets of shadows. Here, we present a novel method for shadow handling in a sequences of Images, fallowing recent work motivated by studies of the statistics of natural Images, we show that this new method Is a reliable detector of shadows and can be easily Implemented In real time. © 2002 IEEE.

关键词： Intelligent systems

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Real-time tracking for managing suburban intersections

Real-time tracking for managing suburban intersections

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International Conference on Digital Signal Processing (DSP)

作者： H. Veeraraghavan O. Masoud N. Papanikolopoulos Artificial Intelligence Vision and Robotics Lab Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Minnesota USA

The goal of this project is to develop a passive vision-based sensing system capable of monitoring an intersection by observing the vehicle and pedestrian flow, and predicting situations that might give rise to accidents. A single camera mounted at an arbitrary position looking at an intersection is used. However, for extended applications multiple cameras will be needed. Some of the key elements are camera calibration, motion tracking, vehicle classification, and predicting collisions. In this paper, we focus on motion tracking. Motion segmentation is performed using an adaptive background model that models each pixel as a mixture of Gaussians. The method used is similar to the Stauffer method for motion segmentation. Tracking of objects is performed by computing the overlap between oriented bounding boxes. The oriented boxes are computed by vector quantization of blobs in the scene. The principal angles computed during vector quantization along with other cues of the object are used for classification of detected entities into vehicles and pedestrians.

关键词： Cameras Tracking Motion segmentation computer vision Vector quantization Vehicle detection Monitoring Accidents Calibration Gaussian processes

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Robot homing based on corner tracking in a sequence of panoramic images

Robot homing based on corner tracking in a sequence of panor...

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2001 IEEE computer Society Conference on computer vision and Pattern Recognition

作者： Argyros, Antonis A. Bekris, Kostas E. Orphanoudakis, Stelios C. Computer Vision and Robotics Lab. Institute of Computer Science Found. for Res./Technology - Hellas Heraklion Crete Greece

In robotics, homing can be defined as that behavior which enables a robot to return to its initial (home) position, after traveling a certain distance along an arbitrary path. Odometry has traditionally been used for the implementation of such a behavior, but it has been shown to be an unreliable source of information. In this work, a novel method for visual homing is proposed, based on a panoramic camera. As the robot departs from its initial position, it tracks characteristic features of the environment (corners). As soon as homing is activated, the robot selects intermediate target positions on the original path. These intermediate positions (IPs) are then visited sequentially, until the home position is reached. For the robot to move between two consecutive IPs, it is only required to establish correspondence among at least three corners. This correspondence is obtained through a feature tracking mechanism. The proposed homing scheme is based on the extraction of very low-level sensory information, namely the bearing angles of corners, and has been implemented on a robotic platform. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme achieves homing with a remarkable accuracy, which is not affected by the distance travelled by the robot.

关键词： robotics

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