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Benchmarking quality-dependent and cost-sensitive score-level multimodal biometric fusion algorithms

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Poh, Norman Bourlai, Thirimachos Kittler, Josef Allano, Lorene Alonso-Fernandez, Fernando Ambekar, Onkar Baker, John Dorizzi, Bernadette Fatukasi, Omolara Fierrez, Julian Ganster, Harald Ortega-Garcia, Javier Maurer, Donald Salah, Albert Ali Scheidat, Tobias Vielhauer, Claus Centre for Vision Speech and Signal Processing School of Electronics and Physical Sciences University of Surrey Guildford SurreyGU2 7XH United Kingdom Biometrics Center Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering College of Engineering and Mineral Resources West Virginia University MorgantownWV26506-6109 United States Institut Telecom Telecom and Management SudParis Evry91011 France Biometric Recognition Group – ATVS Escuela Politecnica Superior Universidad Autonoma de Madrid Madrid28049 Spain Amsterdam1098 XG Netherlands Applied Physics Laboratory Johns Hopkins University LaurelMD20723 United States Electronics and Physics Department Institut Telecom Telecom and Management SudParis Evry91011 France Institute of Digital Image Processing Joanneum Research Graz8010 Austria ISLA-ISIS University of Amsterdam Amsterdam1098 XG Netherlands Department of Informatics and Media Brandenburg University of Applied Sciences Brandenburg an der HavelD-14770 Germany Research Group Multimedia and Security Department of Technical and Business Information Systems Faculty of Computer Science Otto-von-Guericke-University of Magdeburg MagdeburgD-39106 Germany

Automatically verifying the identity of a person by means of biometrics (e.g., face and fingerprint) is an important application in our day-to-day activities such as accessing banking services and security control in airports. To increase the system reliability, several biometric devices are often used. Such a combined system is known as a multimodal biometric system. This paper reports a benchmarking study carried out within the framework of the BioSecure DS2 (Access Control) evaluation campaign organized by the University of Surrey, involving face, fingerprint, and iris biometrics for person authentication, targeting the application of physical access control in a medium-size establishment with some 500 persons. While multimodal biometrics is a well-investigated subject in the literature, there exists no benchmark for a fusion algorithm comparison. Working towards this goal, we designed two sets of experiments: quality-dependent and cost-sensitive evaluation. The quality-dependent evaluation aims at assessing how well fusion algorithms can perform under changing quality of raw biometric images principally due to change of devices. The cost-sensitive evaluation, on the other hand, investigates how well a fusion algorithm can perform given restricted computation and in the presence of software and hardware failures, resulting in errors such as failure-to-acquire and failure-to-match. Since multiple capturing devices are available, a fusion algorithm should be able to handle this nonideal but nevertheless realistic scenario. In both evaluations, each fusion algorithm is provided with scores from each biometric comparison subsystem as well as the quality measures of both the template and the query data. The response to the call of the evaluation campaign proved very encouraging, with the submission of 22 fusion systems. To the best of our knowledge, this campaign is the first attempt to benchmark quality-based multimodal fusion algorithms. In the presence of changing

关键词： Benchmarking

Measuring success for a future vision: Defining impact in science gateways/virtual research environments

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Measuring success for a future vision: Defining impact in sc...

作者： Calyam, Prasad Wilkins-Diehr, Nancy Miller, Mark Brookes, Emre H. Arora, Ritu Chourasia, Amit Jennewein, Douglas M. Nandigam, Viswanath Drew LaMar, M. Cleveland, Sean B. Newman, Greg Wang, Shaowen Zaslavsky, Ilya Cianfrocco, Michael A. Ellett, Kevin Tarboton, David Jeffery, Keith G. Zhao, Zhiming González-Aranda, Juan Perri, Mark J. Tucker, Greg Candela, Leonardo Kiss, Tamas Gesing, Sandra Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Missouri ColumbiaMO United States San Diego Supercomputer Center University of California San DiegoCA United States Department of Biochemistry University of Texas Health Science Center HoustonTX United States Texas Advanced Computing Center University of Texas at Austin AustinTX United States Information Technology Services University of South Dakota VermillionSD United States Biology Department College of William and Mary WilliamsburgVA United States Information Technology Services–Cyberinfrastructure University of Hawaii HonoluluHI United States Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory Colorado State University Fort CollinsCO United States Department of Geography and Geographic Information Science University of Illinois UrbanaIL United States Department of Biological Chemistry and Life Sciences Institute University of Michigan Ann ArborMI United States Pervasive Technology Institute Indiana University BloomingtonIN United States Civil and Environmental Engineering Utah State University LoganUT United States Keith G. Jeffery Consultants Faringdon United Kingdom Multiscale Networked Systems Group University of Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands Chief Technology Office LifeWatch ERIC Seville Spain Chemistry Department Sonoma State University Rohnert ParkCA United States Department of Geological Sciences CIRES University of Colorado Boulder BoulderCO United States National Research Council of Italy Pisa Italy Research Center for Parallel Computing University of Westminster London United Kingdom Center for Research Computing University of Notre Dame Notre DameIN United States

Scholars worldwide leverage science gateways/virtual research environments (VREs) for a wide variety of research and education endeavors spanning diverse scientific fields. Evaluating the value of a given science gateway/VRE to its constituent community is critical in obtaining the financial and human resources necessary to sustain operations and increase adoption in the user community. In this article, we feature a variety of exemplar science gateways/VREs and detail how they define impact in terms of, for example, their purpose, operation principles, and size of user base. Further, the exemplars recognize that their science gateways/VREs will continuously evolve with technological advancements and standards in cloud computing platforms, web service architectures, data management tools and cybersecurity. Correspondingly, we present a number of technology advances that could be incorporated in next-generation science gateways/VREs to enhance their scope and scale of their operations for greater success/impact. The exemplars are selected from owners of science gateways in the Science Gateways Community Institute (SGCI) clientele in the United States, and from the owners of VREs in the International Virtual research Environment Interest Group (VRE-IG) of the research Data Alliance. Thus, community-driven best practices and technology advances are compiled from diverse expert groups with an international perspective to envisage futuristic science gateway/VRE innovations. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： Web services

Are state-of-the-art visual place recognition techniques any good for aerial robotics?

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Zaffar, Mubariz Khaliq, Ahmad Ehsan, Shoaib Milford, Michael Alexis, Kostas McDonald-Maier, Klaus Embedded and Intelligent Systems Laboratory in Computer Science Electronic Engineering Department University of Essex Colchester United Kingdom Australian Centre for Robotic Vision and School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Queensland University of Technology BrisbaneQLD Australia Autonomous Robots Lab University of Nevada United States

Visual Place Recognition (VPR) has seen significant advances at the frontiers of matching performance and computational superiority over the past few years. However, these evaluations are performed for ground-based mobile platforms and cannot be generalized to aerial platforms. The degree of viewpoint variation experienced by aerial robots is complex, with their processing power and on-board memory limited by payload size and battery ratings. Therefore, in this paper, we collect 8 state-of-the-art VPR techniques that have been previously evaluated for ground-based platforms and compare them on 2 recently proposed aerial place recognition datasets with three prime focuses: a) Matching performance b) Processing power consumption c) Projected memory requirements. This gives a birds-eye view of the applicability of contemporary VPR research to aerial robotics and lays down the the nature of challenges for aerial-VPR. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Antennas

Agile reactive navigation for a non-holonomic mobile robot using a pixel processor array

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Liu, Yanan Bose, Laurie Greatwood, Colin Chen, Jianing Fan, Rui Richardson, Thomas Carey, Stephen J. Dudek, Piotr Mayol-Cuevas, Walterio Bristol Robotics Laboratory University of Bristol BristolBS16 1QY United Kingdom Visual Information Laboratory University of Bristol BristolBS1 5DD United Kingdom Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Manchester ManchesterM13 9PL United Kingdom Department of Computer Science and Engineering Department of Ophthalmology University of California San DiegoCA92093 United States Hangzhou ATG Intelligent Technology Co. Ltd. Hangzhou China Amazon Seattle United States

This paper presents an agile reactive navigation strategy for driving a non-holonomic ground vehicle around a preset course of gates in a cluttered environment using a low-cost processor array sensor. This enables machine vision tasks to be performed directly upon the sensor’s image plane, rather than using a separate general-purpose computer. We demonstrate a small ground vehicle running through or avoiding multiple gates at high speed using minimal computational resources. To achieve this, target tracking algorithms are developed for the Pixel Processing Array and captured images are then processed directly on the vision sensor acquiring target information for controlling the ground vehicle. The algorithm can run at up to 2000 fps outdoors and 200fps at indoor illumination levels. Conducting image processing at the sensor level avoids the bottleneck of image transfer encountered in conventional sensors. The real-time performance of on-board image processing and robustness is validated through experiments. Experimental results demonstrate that the algorithm’s ability to enable a ground vehicle to navigate at an average speed of 2.20 m/s for passing through multiple gates and 3.88 m/s for a ‘slalom’ task in an environment featuring significant visual clutter. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Mobile robots

Associations between Aβ deposition and neurometabolic alterations in Alzheimer's disease: Insights from hybrid 3D MRSI-PET imaging

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Alzheimer's and Dementia 2025年第6期21卷 e70332页

作者： Zhang, Miao Hu, Jialin Zhang, Yaoyu Meng, Ziyu Zhao, Yibo Li, Yudu Jin, Wen Qian, Xiao-Hang Wang, Lijun Ye, Guanyu Jiang, Xu-Feng Li, Ya-Dong Ye, Jian Tang, Huidong Liu, Jun Nachev, Parashkev Liang, Zhi-Pei Li, Biao Li, Yao Department of Nuclear Medicine Ruijin Hospital School of Biomedical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China National Engineering Research Center of Advanced Magnetic Resonance Technologies for Diagnosis and Therapy Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China Institute of Medical Robotics Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL United States National Center for Supercomputing Applications University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL United States Department of Geriatrics Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China Medical Center on Aging of Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China Department of Neurovascular Center Changhai Hospital Naval Medical University Shanghai China Department of Gastroenterology Songjiang Hospital and Songjiang Research Institute Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emotions and Affective Disorders State Key Laboratory of Eye Health Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China High-Dimensional Neurology Group Institute of Neurology University College London London United Kingdom

INTRODUCTION: Understanding the neurometabolic changes associated with amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition is important for early Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis, but their spatial relationships remained unexplored due to technical limitations. METHODS: We investigated the relationship between Aβ deposition and neuronal and glial metabolites using high-resolution 3D magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) (8-min scan, 2 × 3 × 3 mm³ resolution) and Aβ-positron emission tomography (Aβ-PET) imaging. N-acetylaspartate, myo-inositol, and creatine maps were obtained from 174 participants: 39 controls, 65 mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 70 AD patients. RESULTS: N-Acetylaspartate levels were negatively correlated with Aβ, while myo-inositol levels were positively correlated globally. Regional associations with Aβ include N-acetylaspartate reductions in frontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and precuneus, and myo-inositol increases in precuneus, lateral temporal, and lateral parietal cortices. Combined MRSI and PET biomarkers achieved the highest diagnostic accuracy for MCI and AD. DISCUSSION: Hybrid high-resolution 3D MRSI and Aβ-PET imaging provides valuable insights into Aβ’s impact on neurometabolic changes, improving early AD diagnosis. Highlights: Hybrid 3D magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging–positron emission tomography (MRSI-PET) imaging reveals Aβ deposition impact on neurometabolism in Alzheimer's disease (AD). N-acetylaspartate (NAA) as a neuronal metabolic marker is negatively associated with Aβ globally and locally. Myo-inositol (mI) as a glial metabolic marker is positively associated with Aβ globally and locally. Combining 3D magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) and PET biomarkers improves diagnostic accuracy for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD. © 2025 The Author(s). Alzheimer's & Dementia published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Alzheimer's Association.

关键词： alzheimer's disease amyloid-β magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging myo-inositol n-acetylaspartate

Out-distribution training confers robustness to deep neural networks

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Abbasi, Mahdieh Gagne, Christian Computer Vision and Systems Laboratory Reparti and Big Data Research Centre Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Université Laval Quebec Canada

The easiness at which adversarial instances can be generated in deep neural networks raises some fundamental questions on their functioning and concerns on their use in critical systems. In this paper, we draw a connection between overgeneralization and adversaries: A possible cause of adversaries lies in models designed to make decisions all over the input space, leading to inappropriate highconfidence decisions in parts of the input space not represented in the training set. We empirically show an augmented neural network, which is not trained on any types of adversaries, can increase the robustness by detecting black-box one-step adversaries, i.e. assimilated to out-distribution samples, and making generation of white-box one-step adversaries harder. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Deep neural networks

Online Planning for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles Performing Information Gathering Tasks in Large Subsea Environments

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Online Planning for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles Performin...

2019 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)

作者： Harun Yetkin James McMahon Nicholay Topin Artur Wolek Zachary Waters Daniel J. Stilwell Department of Mechatronics Engineering Bartin University Turkey Code 7130 US Naval Research Laboratory Washington DC USA University of Maryland College Park MD USA Center for Marine Autonomy and Robotics at Virginia Tech Bartın University Turkey US Naval Research Laboratory Washington DC USA Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA USA

We present an anytime Monte Carlo tree search (MCTS) algorithm to generate real-time, near-optimal search paths in large subsea environments. The MCTS planner continuously builds a tree of the search space until either the allowed time per move is reached or the budget constraint for the search mission is met. In order to improve the performance of the MCTS planner, we propose a novel heuristic action selection policy to determine the value of a leaf node. The proposed heuristic is tailored to problems where making a turn incurs a higher cost than moving straight, such as the case on autonomous underwater vehicles. Through extensive simulations, we show that our heuristic yields a significant performance improvement over a lawnmover path planner - a commonly employed approach in subsea search applications - and over a simple MCTS planner where actions are selected uniformly at random. In our numerical illustrations, we use a real data set abstracted from sonar measurements acquired from the Boston Harbor.

关键词： Search problems Planning Robot sensing systems Real-time systems Monte Carlo methods Cost function Sonar

Deep representation of industrial components using simulated images

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Deep representation of industrial components using simulated...

2017 IEEE International Conference on robotics and Automation, ICRA 2017

作者： Kim, Seong-Heum Choe, Gyeongmin Ahn, Byungtae Kweon, In So Robotics and Computer Vision Laboratory School of Electrical Engineering KAIST Daejeon Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9781509046331

In this paper, we present a visual learning framework to retrieve a 3D model and estimate its pose from a single image. To increase the quantity and quality of training data, we define our simulation space in the near infrared (NIR) band, and utilize the quasi-Monte Carlo (MC) method for scalable photorealistic rendering of manufactured components. Two types of convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures are trained over these synthetic data and a relatively small amount of real data. The first CNN model seeks the most discriminative information and uses it to classify industrial components with fine-grained shape attributes. Once a 3D model is identified, one of the category-specific CNNs is tested for pose regression in the second phase. The mixed data for learning object categories is useful in domain adaptation and attention mechanism in our system. We validate our data-driven method with 88 component models, and the experimental results are qualitatively demonstrated. Also, the CNNs trained with various conditions of mixed data are quantitatively analyzed. © 2017 IEEE.

关键词： Monte Carlo methods

Highly sensitive integrated flexible tactile sensors with piezoresistive Ge2Sb2Te5 thin films

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npj Flexible Electronics 2018年第1期2卷 137-142页

作者： Zhiguang Wang Cunzheng Dong Xinjun Wang Menghui Li Tianxiang Nan Xianfeng Liang Huaihao Chen Yuyi Wei Haomiao Zhou Mohsen Zaeimbashi Syd Cash Nian-Xiang Sun Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northeastern UniversityBostonMA 02115USA Electronic Materials Research Laboratory Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education&International Center for Dielectric ResearchSchool of Electronic and Information EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong University710049 Xi’anChina Department of Neurology Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMA 02114USA College of Information Engineering China Jiliang University310018 HangzhouChina

Flexible tactile sensor has been extensively investigated as a key component for emerging electronics applications such as robotics,wearable devices,computer hardware,and security *** sensors based on various one-dimensional materials have been widely ***,precise control of the direction and distribution of these nanomaterials remains a great challenge,and it has been difficult to scale down the ***,we introduce highly sensitive integrated flexible tactile sensors based on uniform phase-change Ge_(2)Sb_(2)Te_(5)(GST)thin films that can scale device size down,at least,to micrometer *** piezoresistive effect has been observed in GST-based sensors,showing a giant gauge factor of 338.A proof of concept 5×5 sensor array functioning as a touch panel has been ***,the flexible GST tactile sensor has been utilized for monitoring of radial artery *** addition to the well-known tunable electrical and optical properties,the piezoresistive GST films provide a versatile platform for the integration of sensing,recording,and displaying functions.

关键词： Ge_(2)Sb_(2)Te_(5) hardware Highly