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Real-time vision-based approach for probe tracking in operating room

International Congress Series 2004年 1268卷 467-472页

作者： Aly A. Farag M.Sabry Hassouna Ayman El-Baz S. Hushek Computer Vision and Image Processing Laboratory Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Louisville 403 Lutz Hall Bldg. Louisville KY 40292 USA Department of Neurological Surgery University of Louisville USA

A hand-held surgical probe is an essential component of any image-guided neurosurgery (IGNS). During the surgical procedure, the IGNS tracks the probe position and displays the anatomy beneath it as three orthogonal image slices on a workstation-based 3D imaging system. Existing IGNS systems use different tracking techniques including mechanical, optical, ultrasonic, and electromagnetic systems. In this paper, we present a new computational vision-based probe tracking technique, which provides both position and orientation. We also propose another new computational vision-based technique to track the patient head and thus compensate for its movement during probing procedure. The proposed system is completely passive, its stereo cameras detect the presence of the probe using available visible light, and reports on their exact location and orientation in patient physical space in real time. We have validated the system using a skull phantom and a hand made probe.

关键词： Image-guided neurosurgery Head motion tracking Probe tracking vision tracking

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A component-based programming model for autonomic applications

A component-based programming model for autonomic applicatio...

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International Conference on Autonomic Computing (ICAC)

作者： Hua Liu M. Parashar S. Hariri The Applied Software Systems Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rutgers University Piscataway NJ USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA

The emergence of pervasive wide-area distributed computing environments, such as pervasive information systems and computational grids, has enabled new generations of applications that are based on seamless access, aggregation and interaction. However, the inherent complexity, heterogeneity and dynamism of these systems require a change in how the applications are developed and managed. In this paper we present a component-based programming framework to support the development of autonomic self-managed applications. The framework enables the development of autonomic components and the formulation of autonomic applications as the dynamic composition and management of autonomic components. The operation of the proposed framework is illustrated using a forest fire application.

关键词： Grid computing Distributed computing Pervasive computing Crisis management Application software Management information systems Mesh generation Disaster management Programming profession Fires

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On utility accrual real-time channel establishment in multi-hop networks

On utility accrual real-time channel establishment in multi-...

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International Symposium on Object-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing

作者： K. Channakeshava B. Ravindran Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Real-Time Systems Laboratory Blacksburg VA USA

We consider real-time CORBA 2.0 (dynamic scheduling) distributable threads operating in multihop networks. When distributable threads are subject to time/utility function-time constraints and utility accrual optimality criteria, utility accrual real-time channels must be established. Such channels transport inter-node messages of distributable threads in a way that maximizes system-wide, message-level accrued utility. We present a utility accrual channel establishment algorithm called local decision for utility accrual channel establishment (or Loc-DUCE) that heuristically computes channels. Our experimental measurements using a prototype implementation reveal that LocDUCE accrues significantly higher utility than the open shortest path first routing algorithm

关键词： Intelligent networks Spread spectrum communication Yarn Time factors Real time systems Dynamic scheduling Control systems Missiles Object oriented modeling Phased arrays

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A multi-view approach on modular PCA for illumination and pose invariant face recognition

A multi-view approach on modular PCA for illumination and po...

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Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop (AIPR)

作者： P. Sankaran V. Asari Computational Intelligence and Machine Vision Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Old Dominion University Norfolk VA USA

A modified approach on modular PCA for face recognition is presented in this paper. The proposed changes aim to improve the recognition rates for modular PCA for face images with large variation in light and facial expression. The eyes form one of the most invariant regions on the face. A sub-image from this region is considered. Weight vectors from this region are appended to the existing weight vector for modular PCA. The accuracies for the modified method, the original method and PCA method are evaluated under conditions of varying pose, illumination and expressions using standard face databases.

关键词： Principal component analysis Lighting Face recognition Vectors Image recognition Eyes Facial features Image databases Computational intelligence Machine vision

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Fuzzy relational knowledge representation and context in the service of semantic information retrieval

Fuzzy relational knowledge representation and context in the...

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IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy systems (FUZZ-IEEE)

作者： M. Wallace Y. Avrithis Image Video and Multimedia Systems Laboratory Department of Computer Science School of Electrical and Computer Engineering National and Technical University of Athens Greece

We follow a fuzzy relational approach to knowledge representation. With the use of semantic fuzzy relations we define and extract the semantic context out of a set of semantic entities. Based on this, we then proceed to the case of information retrieval and explain how the three participating contexts, namely the context of the query, the context of the document and the context of the user, can be estimated and utilized towards the achievement of more intuitive information services.

关键词： Knowledge representation Context-aware services Information retrieval Ontologies Data mining Multimedia systems Fuzzy sets Document handling Image retrieval Laboratories

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An intelligent system for Aerial image Retrieval and Classification

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3rd Hellenic Conference on Artificial Intelligence, SETN 2004

作者： Gasteratos, Antonios Zafeiridis, Panagiotis Andreadis, Ioannis Laboratory of Robotics and Automation Section of Production Systems Department of Production and Management Engineering Democritus University of Thrace Building of University’s Library Kimmeria XanthiGR-671 00 Greece Laboratory of Electronics Section of Electronics and Information Systems Technology Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Democritus University of Thrace Vassilisis Sophias 12 XanthiGR-671 00 Greece

ISBN: (纸本)3540219374

Content based image retrieval is an active research area of pattern recognition. A new method of extracting global texture energy descriptors is proposed and it is combined with features describing the color aspect of texture, suitable for image retrieval. The same features are also used for image classification, by its semantic content. An exemplar fuzzy system for aerial image retrieval and classification is proposed. The fuzzy system calculates the degree that a class, such as sea, clouds, desert, forests and plantations, participates in the input image. Target applications include remote sensing, computer vision, forestry, fishery, agricultures, oceanography and weather forecasting. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2004.

关键词： Fuzzy systems

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Design of an efficient architecture for real-time image enhancement based on a luma-dependent nonlinear approach

Design of an efficient architecture for real-time image enha...

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International Conference on Information Technology: Coding and Computing (ITCC)

作者： Hau Ngo Li Tao V. Asari VLSI Systems Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Old Dominion University Norfolk VA USA

A luminance dependent nonlinear image enhancement algorithm is proposed in this paper. Luma-dependent nonlinear enhancement (LDNE) is a luminance based multi-scale center/surround retinex algorithm, which achieves simultaneous dynamic range compression, color consistency and lightness rendition. Compared to other image enhancement algorithms, LDNE provides better color fidelity, specifies fewer parameters, enhances less noise, prevents the unwanted luminance drop at the uniform luminance areas, keeps the 'bright' background unaffected, and enhances well the 'dark' objects in 'bright' background. To support real time applications, an FPGA based co-processor is designed to perform some of the most computationally intensive operation in LDNE algorithm. Estimation techniques are introduced in the hardware algorithmic designed to achieve faster, simpler and more efficient architecture which is capable of processing more than 21 frames per second.

关键词： Image enhancement Colored noise Algorithm design and analysis Dynamic range Image coding Background noise Field programmable gate arrays Coprocessors Hardware computer architecture

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Support for data-intensive, variable-granularity grid applications via distributed file system virtualization - a case study of light scattering spectroscopy

Support for data-intensive, variable-granularity grid applic...

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International Workshop on Challenges of Large Applications in Distributed Environments

作者： J. Paladugula Ming Zhao R.J. Figueiredo Advanced Computing and Information Systems (ACIS) Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Florida USA

A key challenge faced by large-scale, distributed applications in grid environments is efficient, seamless data management. In particular, for applications that can benefit from access to data at variable granularities, data management can pose additional programming burdens to an application developer. This work presents a case for the use of virtualized distributed file systems as a basis for data management for data-intensive, variable-granularity applications. The approach leverages on-demand transfer mechanisms of existing, de-facto network file system clients and servers that support transfers of partial data sets in an application-transparent fashion, and complement them with user-level performance and functionality enhancements such as caching and encrypted communication channels. The paper uses a nascent application from the medical imaging field (light scattering spectroscopy -LSS) as a motivation for the approach, and as a basis for evaluating its performance. Results from performance experiments that consider the 16-processor parallel execution of LSS analysis and database generation programs show that, in the presence of data locality, a virtualized wide-area distributed file system setup and configured by grid middleware can achieve performance levels close (13% overhead or less) to that of a local disk, and superior (up to 680% speedup) to nonvirtualized distributed file systems.

关键词： File systems Application virtualization Light scattering Spectroscopy Large-scale systems Environmental management File servers Network servers Cryptography Communication channels

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A robust face recognition system for real time surveillance

A robust face recognition system for real time surveillance

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International Conference on Information Technology: Coding and Computing (ITCC)

作者： M.J. Seow R. Gottumukkal D. Valaparla K.V. Asari VLSI Systems Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Old Dominion University Norfolk VA USA

This paper describes a face detection and recognition system in color image sequences with a novel scheme to model skin color in the RGB color-space using neural networks. In our approach, there are no limitations regarding human skin color. This method eliminates the difficulty of describing non-skin samples by approximating non-skin color from skin samples in the VLSI systems laboratory skin database. The neural network algorithm based face detection is performed by using a multilayer feed-forward neural network trained with back-propagation learning algorithm in conjunction with a modular approach utilizing the distance based learning for reducing the structural complexity of the network by analyzing each frame in the video sequence. The recognition is performed based on composite principal component analysis (CPCA) algorithm. This algorithm is better equipped to recognize faces under the conditions of varying illumination and pose compared to the conventional PCA. The system is capable of detecting and recognizing faces at the rate of 10 frames per second when the frame resolution is 320 /spl times/ 240 and the color depth is 24-bit.

关键词： Robustness Face recognition Real time systems Surveillance Face detection Skin Neural networks Multi-layer neural network Feedforward neural networks Principal component analysis

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Implementing particle filters with Metropolis-Hastings algorithms

Implementing particle filters with Metropolis-Hastings algor...

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IEEE Region 5 Annual Technical Conference

作者： Y. Zhai M. Yeary DSP and Embedded Systems Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Oklahama Norman OK USA

A particle filter deals with state estimation problem or nonlinear models with non-Gaussian noise. In the framework of a particle filter, a resampling scheme is used to decrease the degeneracy phenomenon, however it also introduces the problem or sample impoverishment, which can be reduced by using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method, such as the Metropolis-Hastings (M-H) algorithm. However, there are many possible choices within the family of M-H algorithms, and the performance of particle filters with MCMC moves is closely related to the choice of the M-H algorithm. This paper discusses the implementation of a particle filter with various M-H algorithms. A numerical example is presented, and the simulation results are given for discussion.

关键词： Particle filters State estimation Filtering Monte Carlo methods Nonlinear systems Estimation error Digital signal processing Embedded system Laboratories Jacobian matrices

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