In seeking hitherto-unused methods by which users and computers can communicate, we investigate the usefulness of eye movements as a fast and convenient auxiliary user-to-computer communication mode. The barrier to ex...
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This paper evaluates the input performance capabilities of Velocity Threshold (I-VT) and Kalman Filter (I-KF) eye movement detection models when employed for eye-gaze-guided interface control. I-VT is a common eye mov...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781605586007
This paper evaluates the input performance capabilities of Velocity Threshold (I-VT) and Kalman Filter (I-KF) eye movement detection models when employed for eye-gaze-guided interface control. I-VT is a common eye movement identification model employed by the eye tracking community, but it is neither robust nor capable of handling high levels of noise present in the eye position data. Previous research implies that use of a Kalman filter reduces the noise in the eye movement signal and predicts the signal during brief eye movement failures, but the actual performance of I-KF was never evaluated. We evaluated the performance of I-VT and I-KF models using guidelines for ISO 9241 Part 9 standard, which is designed for evaluation of non keyboard/mouse input devices with emphasis on performance, comfort, and effort. Two applications were implemented for the experiment: 1) an accuracy test 2) a photo viewing application specifically designed for eye-gaze-guided control. Twenty-one subjects participated in the evaluation of both models completing a series of tasks. The results indicates that I-KF allowed participants to complete more tasks with shorter completion time while providing higher general comfort, accuracy and operation speeds with easier target selection than the I-VT model. We feel that these results are especially important to the engineers of new assistive technologies and interfaces that employ eye-tracking technology in their design. Copyright 2009 ACM.
Paper Augmented Digital Documents (PADDs) are digital documents that can be manipulated either on a computer screen or on paper. PADDs, and the infrastructure supporting them, can be seen as a bridge between the digit...
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Social interaction and collab.ration are essential to the emotional and cognitive development of young children [40]. Constructionism [32] is a learning theory where children learn as they build or construct a public ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781595937476
Social interaction and collab.ration are essential to the emotional and cognitive development of young children [40]. Constructionism [32] is a learning theory where children learn as they build or construct a public artifact. Creative activities that promote collab.ration, especially those based on principles of constructionism, provide enhanced learning opportunities for young children. Mobile devices can support the learning experience as children can create artifacts in various contexts. The proposed research incorporates collab.ration, constructionism, children, stories and mobile technologies;specifically investigating developmentally appropriate interfaces to support mobile collab.ration for young children. Copyright 2007 ACM.
Database searches are usually performed with query languages and form fill in templates, with results displayed in tabular lists. However, excitement is building around dynamic queries sliders and other graphical sele...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781605581026
Database searches are usually performed with query languages and form fill in templates, with results displayed in tabular lists. However, excitement is building around dynamic queries sliders and other graphical selectors for query specification, with results displayed by information visualization techniques. These filtering techniques have proven to be effective for many tasks in which visual presentations enable discovery of relationships, clusters, outliers, gaps, and other patterns. Scaling visual presentations from millions to billions of records will require collab.rative research efforts in information visualization and database management to enable rapid aggregation, meaningful coordinated windows, and effective summary graphics. This paper describes current and proposed solutions (atomic, aggregated, and density plots) that facilitate sense-making for interactive visual exploration of billion record data sets. Copyright 2008 ACM.
An increasing number of temporal categorical databases are being collected: Electronic Health Records in healthcare organizations, traffic incident logs in transportation systems, or student records in universities. F...
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Analyzing networks involves understanding the complex relationships between entities, as well as any attributes they may have. The widely used node-link diagrams excel at this task, but many are difficult to extract m...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781450318990
Analyzing networks involves understanding the complex relationships between entities, as well as any attributes they may have. The widely used node-link diagrams excel at this task, but many are difficult to extract meaning from because of the inherent complexity of the relationships and limited screen space. To help address this problem we introduce a technique called motif simplification, in which common patterns of nodes and links are replaced with compact and meaningful glyphs. Well-designed glyphs have several benefits: they (1) require less screen space and layout effort, (2) are easier to understand in the context of the network, (3) can reveal otherwise hidden relationships, and (4) preserve as much underlying information as possible. We tackle three frequently occurring and high-payoff motifs: fans of nodes with a single neighbor, connectors that link a set of anchor nodes, and cliques of completely connected nodes. We contribute design guidelines for motif glyphs;example glyphs for the fan, connector, and clique motifs;algorithms for detecting these motifs;a free and open source reference implementation;and results from a controlled study of 36 participants that demonstrates the effectiveness of motif simplification. Copyright 2013 ACM.
Social network analysis has emerged as a powerful method for understanding the importance of relationships among interacting units in a variety of domains. However, interactive exploration of social networks is challe...
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ISBN:
(纸本)1595932984
Social network analysis has emerged as a powerful method for understanding the importance of relationships among interacting units in a variety of domains. However, interactive exploration of social networks is challenging because: (1) it is difficult to comprehend the characteristics and structure of networks when there are many edges and nodes, and (2) current systems are often a medley of statistical methods and overwhelming visual output which leaves many analysts uncertain about how to explore in an orderly manner. This results in exploration that is largely opportunistic. The contributions of our work are principles and an interface to support systematic analysis of social networks. We believe our approach will enable users to better understand the structure of networks and the social groups within.
computer users deal with large amount of personal media data and they often face problems in managing and exploring them. The paper presents an innovative approach, Semantic Regions that are rectangular regions direct...
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ISBN:
(纸本)1581136374
computer users deal with large amount of personal media data and they often face problems in managing and exploring them. The paper presents an innovative approach, Semantic Regions that are rectangular regions directly drawn on 2D space with semantics so that their layout can form users' various mental models toward the personal media data. A prototype personal media exploring application, MediaFinder, based on the concept of Semantic Regions is presented. Usability tests will be conducted to evaluate the Semantic Regions as a personal media management model including organization, search, navigation, indexing, meaning extraction, and distribution.
During exploratory data analysis, visualizations are often useful for making sense of complex data sets. However, as data sets increase in size and complexity, static information visualizations decrease in comprehensi...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781595939876
During exploratory data analysis, visualizations are often useful for making sense of complex data sets. However, as data sets increase in size and complexity, static information visualizations decrease in comprehensibility. Interactive techniques can yield valuable discoveries, but current data analysis tools typically support only opportunistic exploration that may be inefficient and incomplete. We present a refined architecture that uses systematic yet flexible (SYF) design goals to guide domain expert users through complex exploration of data over days, weeks and months. The SYF system aims to support exploratory data analysis with some of the simplicity of an e-commerce check-out while providing added flexibility to pursue insights. The SYF system provides an overview of the analysis process, suggests unexplored states, allows users to annotate useful states, supports collab.ration, and enables reuse of successful strategies. The affordances of the SYF system are demonstrated by integrating it into a social network analysis tool employed by social scientists and intelligence analysts. The SYF system is a tool-independent component and can be incorporated into other data analysis tools. Copyright 2008 ACM.
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