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Workshop on Accessible Design in the Digital World 2011, ADDW 2011

作者： Petrie, Helen Power, Christopher Swallow, David Velasco, Carlos A. Gallagher, Blaithin Magennis, Mark Murphy, Emma Collin, Sam Down, Keren Human Computer Interaction Research Group Department of Computer Science University of York Deramore Lane York YO10 5GH United Kingdom Schloss Birlinghoven D53757 Sankt Augustin Germany National Council for the Blind of Ireland Whitworth Rd. Drumcondra Dublin 9 Ireland Foundation for Assistive Technology 302 Tower Bridge Business Centre 46-48 East Smithfield London E1W 1AW United Kingdom

This paper presents the results of interviews with representatives of the three key groups of stakeholders in the value chain for web accessibility: website commissioners, web developers and web accessibility experts. 26 web commissioners, 7 web developers and 14 web accessibility experts were interviewed. The results show that in spite of great efforts by the World Wide Web Consortium, the European Commission and other international and national organizations to promote web accessibility, knowledge of this topic is still low. More critically, the tools to support commissioners, developers and accessibility experts are still very poor and do not provide much of the functionality that the various groups in the value chain need. We believe these results highlight some of the reasons why the state of web accessibility is still as poor as it is.

关键词： Websites

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Theory-based habit modeling for enhancing behavior prediction

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Zhang, Chao Vanschoren, Joaquin van Wissen, Arlette Lakens, Daniël de Ruyter, Boris IJsselsteijn, Wijnand A. Human-Technology Interaction Group Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven Netherlands Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven Netherlands Brain Behavior and Cognition Philips Research Eindhoven Netherlands

Psychological theories of habit posit that when a strong habit is formed through behavioral repetition, it can trigger behavior automatically in the same environment. Given the reciprocal relationship between habit and behavior, changing lifestyle behaviors (e.g., toothbrushing) is largely a task of breaking old habits and creating new and healthy ones. Thus, representing users’ habit strengths can be very useful for behavior change support systems (BCSS), for example, to predict behavior or to decide when an intervention reaches its intended effect. However, habit strength is not directly observable and existing self-report measures are taxing for users. In this paper, built on recent computational models of habit formation, we propose a method to enable intelligent systems to compute habit strength based on observable behavior. The hypothesized advantage of using computed habit strength for behavior prediction was tested using data from two intervention studies, where we trained participants to brush their teeth twice a day for three weeks and monitored their behaviors using accelerometers. Through hierarchical cross-validation, we found that for the task of predicting future brushing behavior, computed habit strength clearly outperformed self-reported habit strength (in both studies) and was also superior to models based on past behavior frequency (in the larger second study). Our findings provide initial support for our theory-based approach of modeling user habits and encourages the use of habit computation to deliver personalized and adaptive interventions. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Intelligent systems

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A research Framework for human Aspects in the Internet of Production – An Intra-company Perspective

A Research Framework for Human Aspects in the Internet of Pr...

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AHFE Virtual Conference on Production Management and Process Control, human Aspects of Advanced Manufacturing and the Additive Manufacturing, Modeling Systems and 3D Prototyping, 2020

作者： Brauner, Philipp Brillowski, Florian Dammers, Hannah Königs, Peter Kordtomeikel, Frauke Petruck, Henning Schaar, Anne Kathrin Schmitz, Seth Steuer-Dankert, Linda Mertens, Alexander Gries, Thomas Leicht-Scholten, Carmen Nagel, Saskia Nitsch, Verena Schuh, Günther Ziefle, Martina Human-Computer Interaction Center RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany Institut für Textiltechnik of RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany Human Technology Center RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany Research Group Gender and Diversity in Engineering RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany Institute of Industrial Engineering and Ergonomics RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany Laboratory for Machine Tools and Production Engineering RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783030519803

Digitalization in the production sector aims at transferring concepts and methods from the Internet of Things (IoT) to the industry and is, as a result, currently reshaping the production area. Besides technological progress, changes in work processes and organization are relevant for a successful implementation of the "Internet of Production" (IoP). Focusing on the labor organization and organizational procedures emphasizes to consider intra-company factors such as (user) acceptance, ethical issues, and ergonomics in the context of IoP approaches. In the scope of this paper, a research approach is presented that considers these aspects from an intra-company perspective by conducting studies on the shop floor, control level and management level of companies in the production area. Focused on four central dimensions—governance, organization, capabilities, and interfaces—this contribution presents a research framework that is focused on a systematic integration and consideration of human aspects in the realization of the IoP. © 2020, The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Internet of things

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Scheduling of Offshore Wind Farm Installation using Simulated Annealing ⁎

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2021年第1期54卷 325-330页

作者： Shengrui Peng Daniel Rippel Matthias Becker Helena Szczerbicka L3S Research Center at Leibniz University Hanover Hanover Germany BIBA - Bremer Institut für Produktion und Logistik GmbH at the University of Bremen Bremen Germany Human-Computer Interaction Group at the Leibniz University Hanover Hanover Germany

This paper focuses on the scheduling problem in the offshore wind farm installation process, which is strongly influenced by the offshore weather condition. Due to the nature of the offshore weather condition, i.e., partially predictable and uncontrollable, it is urgent to find a way to schedule the offshore installation process effectively and economically. For this purpose, this work presents a model based on Timed Petri Nets (TPN) approach for the offshore installation process and applies simulated annealing algorithm to find the optimal schedule.

关键词： Scheduling Offshore Wind Farm Timed Petri Nets Simulated Annealing

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Haptic keyclick feedback improves typing speed and reduces typing errors on a flat keyboard

Haptic keyclick feedback improves typing speed and reduces t...

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World Haptics Conference

作者： Zhaoyuan Ma Darren Edge Leah Findlater Hong Z. Tan Human Computer Interaction Group Microsoft Research Asia Beijing P.R. China College of Information Studies University of Maryland College Park MD USA Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA

The present study used a flat keyboard without moving keys and enabled with haptic keyclick feedback to examine the effect of haptic keyclick feedback on touch typing performance. We investigated, with well-controlled stimuli and a within-participant design, how haptic keyclick feedback might improve typing performance in terms of typing speed, typing efficiency and typing errors. Of the three kinds of haptic feedback we tested, all increased typing speed and decreased typing errors compared to a condition without haptic feedback. We did not find significant differences among the types of haptic feedback. We also found that auditory keyclick feedback alone is not as effective as haptic keyclick feedback, and the addition of auditory feedback to haptic feedback does not lead to any significant improvement in typing performance. We also learned that global haptic keyclick feedback simulated through local keyclick feedback on each key (as opposed to haptic feedback all over the keyboard) might have the additional and unexpected benefit of helping a typist to locate keys on a keyboard. Furthermore, the participants preferred auditory or haptic keyclick feedback to no feedback, and haptic feedback restricted to the typing finger alone is preferred to that over a larger area of the keyboard.

关键词： Haptic interfaces Keyboards Error analysis Thumb Visualization Headphones

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Measurement of the contact force of the pantograph by image processing technology

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Quarterly Report of RTRI (Railway Technical research Institute) 2014年第2期55卷 73-78页

作者： Koyama, Tatsuya Ikeda, Mitsuru Kobayashi, Shigeyuki Nakamura, Kotaro Tabayashi, Seiji Niwakawa, Makoto Current Collection Laboratory Railway Dynamics Division Research Areas: Dynamic Interaction between Pantograph and Catenary United States Central Japan Railway Company Research Areas: Dynamic Interaction between Pantograph and Catenary United States Railway Dynamics Division Research Areas: Dynamic Interaction between Pantograph and Catenary United States Meidensha Corporation Research Areas: Railway Engineering Division United States ICT Product Development Department Research and Development Group of Meidensha Corporation Research Areas: Computer Vision United States

Contact force between a pantograph and catenary is one of the most important indices for evaluating the contact performance of the pantograph-catenary system. Hence, some contact force measuring methods have been developed. However, currently used measurement methods have some problems. Firstly, the installation of sensors in a panhead could affect the dynamic characteristics of the pantograph. Secondly, they need data transmitting equipment, because built-in sensors are set under high-voltage condition. Thirdly, some kinds of pantographs cannot be equipped with sensors in a panhead because of structural restriction. To eliminate these problems, the authors have developed a new contact force measuring method by using image processing sensors mounted on the rooftop of a train.

关键词： Pantographs

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Greedy information acquisition in multi-layered networks

Greedy information acquisition in multi-layered networks

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International Conference on Neural Information Processing

作者： R. Kamimura H. Takeuchi Information Science Laboratory and Future Science and Technology Joint Research Center Tokai University Hirakata Kanagawa Japan Human-Computer Interaction Group Institute for Human Science and Biomedical Engineering National Institute for Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Tsukuba Japan

In this paper, we extend our greedy information algorithm to multi-layered networks for improved feature detection. We have developed a new information theoretic network-growing model called greedy information acquisition. The method have shown good performance in extracting salient features in input patterns. However, because networks used in the method are single-layered ones, it has shown some difficulty in dealing with complex problems. In this context, we extend our greedy information acquisition method to multi-layered networks. By multi-layered networks, we can solve many complex problems that single-layered networks fail to do. The new algorithm was applied to two problems: the famous vertical-horizontal lines detection and a drive scene classification problem. In both cases, experimental results confirmed that our method could solve complex problems that single-layered networks fail to do. In addition, information maximization makes it possible to extract salient features in input patterns. The new algorithm can certainly contribute to the extension of neural computing.

关键词： Intelligent networks Mutual information Feature extraction Neurons Entropy Recruitment Neural networks Information science humans Biomedical engineering

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Modular structure generation by greedy network-growing algorithm

Modular structure generation by greedy network-growing algor...

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IEEE Conference on Cybernetics and Intelligent Systems

作者： R. Kamimura H. Takeuchi Information Science Laboratory and Future Science and Technology Joint Research Center Tokai University Hiratsuka Kanagawa Japan Human-Computer Interaction Group Institute for Human Science and Biomedical Engineering National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Tsukuba Japan

In this paper, we propose a new method to generate modular structures. In the method, the number of elements, that is, the number of competitive units is gradually increased. To control a process of module generation, we introduce two kinds of information, that is, unit and modular information. Unit information represents information content obtained by individual elements in all modules. On the other hand, modular information is information content obtained by each module. We try to increase both types of information simultaneously. We applied our method to two classification problems: random data classification and Web data classification. In both cases, we observed that modular structures were automatically generated.

关键词： Uncertainty Information science humans Biomedical engineering Process control computer networks Learning systems Entropy Neurons Greedy algorithms

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Accelerated greedy network-growing algorithm by Gaussian activation functions

Accelerated greedy network-growing algorithm by Gaussian act...

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IEEE Conference on Cybernetics and Intelligent Systems

作者： R. Kamimura H. Takeuchi Information Science Laboratory and Future Science and Technology Joint Research Center Tokai University Hiratsuka Kanagawa Japan Human-Computer Interaction Group Institute for Human Science and Biomedical Engineering National Institute for Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Tsukuba Japan

In this paper, we propose a new computational method for a network-growing method called greedy network-growing [R. Kamimura, et al., (2002)]. We have so far introduced a network-growing algorithm called greedy network-growing based upon information theoretic competitive learning. For competitive unit outputs, we have used the inverse of the squares of Euclidean distance between input patterns and connections. The algorithm has extracted very faithful representations of input patterns. However, one problem is that learning is very slow, and sometimes ambiguous final representations are obtained. To remedy these shortcomings, we introduce a new activation function, that is, Gaussian activation functions for competitive units. By changing a parameter for the Gaussian activation functions, we can build a network that does not focus on faithful representations of input patterns, but try to extract the main characteristics of input patterns. Because this method are not concerned with detailed parts of input patterns, learning is significantly accelerated and salient features should be extracted. We applied the method to a road classification problem. Experimental results confirmed that learning was significantly accelerated and salient features could be extracted.

关键词： Acceleration Learning systems computer networks Feature extraction Entropy Information science humans Biomedical engineering computer industry Biomedical computing

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Flexible self-organizing maps by information maximization

Flexible self-organizing maps by information maximization

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International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)

作者： R. Kamimura T. Takeuchi Information Science Laboratory and Future Science and Technology Joint Research Center Tokai University Hiratsuka Kanagawa Japan Human-Computer Interaction Group Institute for Human Science and Biomedical Engineering National Institute for Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Tsukuba Japan

In this paper, we propose a new information theoretic method for self-organizing maps. The method aims to control competitive processes flexibly, that is, to produce different competitive unit activations according to information content obtained in learning. Competition is realized by maximizing mutual information between input patterns and competitive units. Competitive unit outputs are computed by the inverse of distance between input patterns and competitive unit. As distance is smaller, a neuron tends to fire strongly. Thus, winning neurons represent faithfully input patterns. We applied our method to a road classification problem. Experimental results confirmed that the new method could produce more explicit self-organizing maps than conventional self-organizing methods.

关键词： Self organizing feature maps Neurons Mutual information Entropy Neural networks Information science humans Biomedical engineering Process control Fires

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